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Dias-Carvalho A, Ferreira M, Reis-Mendes A, Ferreira R, de Lourdes Bastos M, Fernandes E, Sá SI, Capela JP, Carvalho F, Costa VM. Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity differently affects the hippocampal formation subregions in adult mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31608. [PMID: 38868005 PMCID: PMC11168325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline used to treat a wide range of tumours. Despite its effectiveness, it is associated with a long range of adverse effects, of which cognitive deficits stand out. The present study aimed to assess the neurologic adverse outcome pathways of two clinically relevant cumulative doses of DOX. Adult male CD-1 mice received biweekly intraperitoneal administrations for 3 weeks until reaching cumulative doses of 9 mg/kg (DOX9) or 18 mg/kg (DOX18). Animals were euthanized one week after the last administration, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and brain metabolism were evaluated in the whole brain. Coronal sections of fixed brains were used for specific determinations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal formation (HF). In the whole brain, DOX18 tended to disrupt the antioxidant defences, affecting glutathione levels and manganese superoxide dismutase expression. Considering the regional analysis, DOX18 increased the volume of all brain areas evaluated, while GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes decreased in the dentate gyrus (DG) and increased in the CA3 region of HF, both in a dose-dependent manner. Concerning the apoptosis pathway, whereas Bax increased in the DOX9 group, it decreased in the DOX18 group. Only in the latter group did Bcl-2 levels also decrease. While p53 only increased in the CA3 region of the DOX9 group, AIF increased in the PFC and DG of DOX18. Finally, phosphorylation of Tau decreased with the highest DOX dose in DG and CA3, while TNF-α levels increased in CA1 of DOX18. Our results indicate new pathways not yet described that could be responsible for the cognitive impairments observed in treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dias-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis-Mendes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Isabel Sá
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Capela
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
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Hu J, Su A, Liu X, Tong Z, Jiang Q, Yu J. Effects of D-CAG chemotherapy regimen on cognitive function in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:119-131. [PMID: 37969020 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment, also known as 'chemobrain', is a common neurotoxic complication induced by chemotherapy, which has been reported in many cancer survivors who have undergone chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of D-neneneba dicitabine, C-nenenebb cytarabine, A-aclamycin, G-granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (D-CAG) chemotherapy on cognitive function in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and its possible central mechanisms. Twenty patients with AML and 25 matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. The cognitive function of patients before and after D-CAG chemotherapy was evaluated by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog). The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from all patients before and after chemotherapy intervention, as well as HC. Then, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were preprocessed using DPABI software package and regional homogeneity (ReHo) values of brain regions were calculated. Finally, ReHo values between groups were compared by Resting-State fMRI Data Analysis software package with t-tests and Alphasim method was performed for multiple comparison correction. Moreover, associations between ReHo values of altered brain regions and the scores of FACT-Cog were analysed by Pearson correlation. The total FACT-Cog scores and four factor scores of AML patients increased significantly after treatment. ReHo values showed no significant changes in patients before treatment when compared with HC. Compared with HC, ReHo values of the right middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part), middle occipital gyrus, and left praecuneus decreased significantly, while ReHo values of the left inferior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, and hippocampus increased significantly in patients after treatment. Compared with patients before treatment, ReHo values decreased significantly in the right middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part), and middle and inferior occipital gyri of patients after treatment. In addition, ReHo values of the right inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part) were negatively correlated with the total scores of FACT-Cog and factor scores of perceived cognitive impairment in patients after treatment. There were also negative correlations between ReHo values of the right middle frontal gyrus and perceived cognitive impairment scores. The present study confirmed that D-CAG chemotherapy might cause impaired subjective self-reported cognitive functioning in AML patients, which might be related to the decreased function of certain regions in the right prefrontal lobe. These findings provided further understanding of the mechanisms involved in post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment and would help develop new therapeutic strategies for 'chemobrain' in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ailing Su
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengrong Tong
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Dias-Carvalho A, Margarida-Araújo A, Reis-Mendes A, Sequeira CO, Pereira SA, Guedes de Pinho P, Carvalho F, Sá SI, Fernandes E, Costa VM. A Clinically Relevant Dosage of Mitoxantrone Disrupts the Glutathione and Lipid Metabolic Pathways of the CD-1 Mice Brain: A Metabolomics Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13126. [PMID: 37685929 PMCID: PMC10488007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term cognitive dysfunction, or "chemobrain", has been observed in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Mitoxantrone (MTX) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that binds and intercalates with DNA, being used in the treatment of several cancers and multiple sclerosis. Although MTX can induce chemobrain, its neurotoxic mechanisms are poorly studied. This work aimed to identify the adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) activated in the brain upon the use of a clinically relevant cumulative dose of MTX. Three-month-old male CD-1 mice were given a biweekly intraperitoneal administration of MTX over the course of three weeks until reaching a total cumulative dose of 6 mg/kg. Controls were given sterile saline in the same schedule. Two weeks after the last administration, the mice were euthanized and their brains removed. The left brain hemisphere was used for targeted profiling of the metabolism of glutathione and the right hemisphere for an untargeted metabolomics approach. The obtained results revealed that MTX treatment reduced the availability of cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (CysGly), and reduced glutathione (GSH) suggesting that MTX disrupts glutathione metabolism. The untargeted approach revealed metabolic circuits of phosphatidylethanolamine, catecholamines, unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis, and glycerolipids as relevant players in AOPs of MTX in our in vivo model. As far as we know, our study was the first to perform such a broad profiling study on pathways that could put patients given MTX at risk of cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dias-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida-Araújo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis-Mendes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Oliveira Sequeira
- iNOVA4Health, LS4Future, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Azeredo Pereira
- iNOVA4Health, LS4Future, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Isabel Sá
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Marques SI, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Sá SI, Silva JP. A Semi-Automatic Method for the Quantification of Astrocyte Number and Branching in Bulk Immunohistochemistry Images. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054508. [PMID: 36901939 PMCID: PMC10003611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemical staining of cell and molecular targets in brain samples is a powerful tool that can provide valuable information on neurological mechanisms. However, post-processing of photomicrographs acquired after 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining is particularly challenging due to the complexity associated with the size, samples number, analyzed targets, image quality, and even the subjectivity inherent to the analysis by different users. Conventionally, this analysis relies on the manual quantification of distinct parameters (e.g., the number and size of cells and the number and length of cell branching) in a large set of images. These represent extremely time-consuming and complex tasks, defaulting the processing of high amounts of information. Here we describe an improved semi-automatic method to quantify glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-labelled astrocytes in immunohistochemistry images of rat brains, at magnifications as low as 20×. This method is a straightforward adaptation of the Young & Morrison method, using ImageJ's plugin Skeletonize, coupled with intuitive data processing in datasheet-based software. It allows swifter and more efficient post-processing of brain tissue samples, regarding astrocyte size and number quantification, the total area occupied, as well as astrocyte branching and branch length (indicators of astrocyte activation), thus contributing to better understand the possible inflammatory response developed by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra I. Marques
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana I. Sá
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.I.S.); (J.P.S.)
| | - João Pedro Silva
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.I.S.); (J.P.S.)
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Liu R, Du S, Zhao L, Jain S, Sahay K, Rizvanov A, Lezhnyova V, Khaibullin T, Martynova E, Khaiboullina S, Baranwal M. Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996469. [PMID: 36211343 PMCID: PMC9539795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath structure. The loss of myelin leads to damage of a neuron’s axon and cell body, which is identified as brain lesions on magnetic resonance image (MRI). The pathogenesis of MS remains largely unknown. However, immune mechanisms, especially those linked to the aberrant lymphocyte activity, are mainly responsible for neuronal damage. Th1 and Th17 populations of lymphocytes were primarily associated with MS pathogenesis. These lymphocytes are essential for differentiation of encephalitogenic CD8+ T cell and Th17 lymphocyte crossing the blood brain barrier and targeting myelin sheath in the CNS. B-lymphocytes could also contribute to MS pathogenesis by producing anti-myelin basic protein antibodies. In later studies, aberrant function of Treg and Th9 cells was identified as contributing to MS. This review summarizes the aberrant function and count of lymphocyte, and the contributions of these cell to the mechanisms of MS. Additionally, we have outlined the novel MS therapeutics aimed to amend the aberrant function or counts of these lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shushu Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sahil Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kritika Sahay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vera Lezhnyova
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Timur Khaibullin
- Neurological Department, Republican Clinical Neurological Center, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
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