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Zhang J, Huang H, Ding B, Liu Z, Chen D, Li S, Shen T, Zhu Q. Histone demethylase KDM4A mediating macrophage polarization: A potential mechanism of trichloroethylene induced liver injury. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1148-1159. [PMID: 38800986 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a commonly used organic solvent in industry. Our previous studies have found that TCE can cause liver injury accompanied by macrophage polarization, but the specific mechanism is unclear. The epigenetic regulation of macrophage polarization is mainly focused on histone modification. Histone lysine demethylase 4A (KDM4A) is involved in the activation of macrophages. In this study, we used a mouse model we investigated the role of KDM4A in the livers of TCE-drinking mice and found that the expression of KDM4A, M1-type polarization indicators, and related inflammatory factors in the livers of TCE-drinking mice. In the study, BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: 2.5 mg/mL TCE dose group and 5.0 mg/mL TCE dose group, the vehicle control group, and the blank control group. We found that TCE triggered M1 polarization of mouse macrophages, characterized by the expression of CD11c and robust production of inflammatory cytokines. Notably, exposure to TCE resulted in markedly increased expression of KDM4A in macrophages. Functionally, the increased expression of KDM4A significantly impaired the expression of H3K9me3 and H3K9me2 and increased the expression of H3K9me1. In addition, KDM4A potentially represents a novel epigenetic modulator, with its upregulation connected to β-catenin activation, a signal critical for the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages. Furthermore, KDM4A inhibitor JIB-04 treatment resulted in a decrease in β-catenin expression and prevented TCE-induced M1 polarization and the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. These results suggest that the association of KDM4A and Wnt/β-catenin cooperatively establishes the activation and polarization of macrophages and global changes in H3K9me3/me2/me1. Our findings identify KDM4A as an essential regulator of the polarization of macrophages and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which might serve as a potential target for preventing and treating liver injury caused by TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department Of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Linan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Baiwang Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department Of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Linan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhibing Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Daojun Chen
- Institute of Medical Technology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shulong Li
- The Center for Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Choudhury SR, Byrum SD, Blossom SJ. Trichloroethylene metabolite modulates DNA methylation-dependent gene expression in Th1-polarized CD4+ T cells from autoimmune-prone mice. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:289-300. [PMID: 38518092 PMCID: PMC11131021 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an industrial solvent and widespread environmental contaminant associated with CD4+ T-cell activation and autoimmune disease. Prior studies showed that exposure to TCE in the drinking water of autoimmune-prone mice expanded effector/memory CD4+ T cells with an interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-secreting Th1-like phenotype. However, very little is known how TCE exposure skews CD4+ T cells towards this pro-inflammatory Th1 subset. As observed previously, TCE exposure was associated with hypermethylation of regions of the genome related to transcriptional repression in purified effector/memory CD4 T cells. We hypothesized that TCE modulates transcriptional and/or epigenetic programming of CD4+ T cells as they differentiate from a naive to effector phenotype. In the current study, purified naive CD4 T cells from both male and female autoimmune-prone MRL/MpJ mice were activated ex vivo and polarized towards a Th1 subset for 4 days in the presence or absence of the oxidative metabolite of TCE, trichloroacetaldehyde hydrate (TCAH) in vitro. An RNA-seq assessment and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing for DNA methylation were conducted on Th1 cells or activated, non-polarized cells. The results demonstrated TCAH's ability to regulate key genes involved in the immune response and autoimmunity, including Ifng, by altering the level of DNA methylation at the gene promoter. Intriguing sex differences were observed and for the most part, the effects were more robust in females compared to males. In conclusion, TCE via TCAH epigenetically regulates gene expression in CD4+ T cells. These results may have implications for mechanistic understanding or future therapeutics for autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Roy Choudhury
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Sarah J Blossom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Liu Z, Zhou S, Wang F, Xie H, Zhang J, Wu C, Xu D, Zhu Q. C5b-9 promotes ferritinophagy leading to ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells of trichloroethylene-sensitized mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171378. [PMID: 38447712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common environmental contaminant that can cause a severe allergic reaction called TCE hypersensitivity syndrome, which often implicates the patient's kidneys. Our previous study revealed that C5b-9-induced tubular ferroptosis is involved in TCE-caused kidney damage. However, the study did not explain how tubule-specific C5b-9 causes free iron overload, a key event in ferroptosis. Here, we aimed to explore the role of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy in C5b-9-induced iron overload and ferroptosis in TCE-sensitized mice. Our results showed that TCE sensitization does not affect iron import or export, but does affect iron storage, causing ferritin degradation and free iron overload. In addition, mitochondrial ROS was upregulated, and these changes were blocked by C5b-9 inhibition. Interestingly, TCE-induced ferritin degradation and ferroptosis were significantly antagonized by the application of the mitochondrial ROS inhibitor, Mito-TEMPO. Moreover, all of these modes of action were further verified in C5b-9-attack signalling HK-2 cells. Further investigation demonstrated that C5b-9-upregulated mitochondrial ROS induced a marked increase in nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), a master regulator of ferritinophagy. In addition, the application of NCOA4 small interfering RNA not only significantly reversed ferritinophagy caused by C5b-9 but also reduced C5b-9-induced ferroptosis in HK-2 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that tubule-specific C5b-9 deposition activates NCOA4 through the upregulation of mitochondrial ROS, causing ferritin degradation and elevated free iron, which ultimately leads to tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis and kidney injury in TCE-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sifan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology Venereology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Nephropathy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
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Liu Z, Ma J, Zuo X, Zhang X, Xie H, Wang F, Wu C, Zhang J, Zhu Q. IP3R-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction mediates C5b-9-induced ferroptosis in trichloroethylene-caused immune kidney injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106693. [PMID: 37383224 PMCID: PMC10294229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with occupational medicamentose-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene often suffer from immune kidney injury. Our previous study reveals that C5b-9-dependent cytosolic Ca2+ overload-induced ferroptosis is involved in trichloroethylene sensitized kidney injury. However, how C5b-9 causes cytosolic Ca2+ rise and the specific mechanism whereby overloaded Ca2+ induces ferroptosis remain unknown. The purpose of our study was to explore the role of IP3R-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction in C5b-9 mediated ferroptosis in trichloroethylene sensitized kidney. Our results showed that IP3R was activated, and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased in the renal epithelial cells of trichloroethylene-sensitized mice, and these changes were antagonized by CD59, a C5b-9 inhibitory protein. Moreover, this phenomenon was reproduced in a C5b-9-attacked HK-2 cell model. Further investigation showed that RNA interference with IP3R not only alleviated C5b-9-induced cytosolic Ca2+ overload and mitochondrial membrane potential loss but also attenuated C5b-9-induced ferroptosis in HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, IP3R-dependent cytosolic Ca2+ overload activated the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, resulting in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ferroptosis of HK-2 cells. Finally, cyclosporin A, a mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor, not only ameliorated IP3R-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction but also blocked C5b-9-induced ferroptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that IP3R-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in trichloroethylene sensitized renal tubular ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinru Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xulei Zuo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Nephropathy, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Ma J, Liu Z, Zhou S, Chen M, Gao L, Zuo X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhu Q. Renal tubular in TCE-sensitization-induced immune kidney injury: Role of mitochondrial DNA in activating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Blossom SJ, Cabanlong CV, Vyas KK. Developmental trichloroethylene exposure enhances predictive markers of autoimmunity in a sex-specific manner in disease-resistant female mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116233. [PMID: 36096280 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a widely used industrial chemical and common environmental pollutant. Exposure to TCE promotes CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmunity including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in both humans and female autoimmune-prone mice. Because the developing immune system is more sensitive during development, we predicted that non- autoimmune-prone, C57/Bl6 (B6) mice would exhibit some autoimmune-related changes using the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) model of exposure. Both male and female mice were exposed to vehicle or an environmentally relevant dose of 5 μg/ml TCE (0.9 mg/kg/day) beginning at 2 weeks pre-conception and ending at weaning. CD4+ T cells were assessed for phenotypic markers by flow cytometry. An assessment of cytokines elicited ex vivo after 4d polarization from naïve to CD4+ T helper subsets (i.e., Th1, Th17, and T reg) was conducted. mRNA expression of liver genes associated with inflammation, regeneration/repair associated with AIH disease progression in autoimmune-prone mice were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The results demonstrated TCE's ability to induce autoimmune- related biomarkers in B6 mice to an even greater degree in females compared to males when exposed during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blossom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - Christian V Cabanlong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kanan K Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
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