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Jiang Y, Chen P, Zhao Y, Cai J, Liang J, Cheng S, Zhang Y. Association between triglyceride glucose index and all-cause mortality in patients with cerebrovascular disease: a retrospective study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:1. [PMID: 38173012 PMCID: PMC10763128 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triglyceride glucose (TyG) is associated with stroke, atherosclerosis, and adverse clinical outcomes. However, its correlation with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TyG index and mortality in patients with CVD. METHODS Patient data sourced from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care -IV database were categorized based on TyG quartiles. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate survival disparities among the TyG subgroups. Cox proportional risk modeling was used to examine the association between the TyG index and mortality. Generalized summation models were applied to fit the smoothed curves. log-likelihood ratio test were used to analyze the non-linear relationship. RESULTS The study comprised 1,965 patients (50.18% were male). The 28-day and 90-day mortality rates were 20.10% and 24.48%, respectively. The TyG index exhibited a linear relationship with the 28-day mortality (Hazards ratio (HR), 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.36) and the 90-day mortality (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02-1.37). In the TyG Q4 group, each 1 mg/dl increase was linked to a 35% rise in the risk of 28-day mortality and a 38% increase in the risk of 90-day mortality. Subgroup analyses highlighted a more substantial association between TyG index and 90-day mortality in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the positive association between TyG and the 28- and 90-day mortality rates in patients with CVD. This insight may prove pivotal for identifying at-risk populations and enhancing risk prediction in the clinical management of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong'An Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - YangYang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - JiaHong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - JiaWei Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, P. R. China
| | - ShiQi Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China.
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Xie X, Wu C, Hao Y, Wang T, Yang Y, Cai P, Zhang Y, Huang J, Deng K, Yan D, Lin H. Benefits and risks of drug combination therapy for diabetes mellitus and its complications: a comprehensive review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1301093. [PMID: 38179301 PMCID: PMC10766371 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1301093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, and its therapeutic goals focus on the effective management of blood glucose and various complications. Drug combination therapy has emerged as a comprehensive treatment approach for diabetes. An increasing number of studies have shown that, compared with monotherapy, combination therapy can bring significant clinical benefits while controlling blood glucose, weight, and blood pressure, as well as mitigating damage from certain complications and delaying their progression in diabetes, including both type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications. This evidence provides strong support for the recommendation of combination therapy for diabetes and highlights the importance of combined treatment. In this review, we first provided a brief overview of the phenotype and pathogenesis of diabetes and discussed several conventional anti-diabetic medications currently used for the treatment of diabetes. We then reviewed several clinical trials and pre-clinical animal experiments on T1D, T2D, and their common complications to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different classes of drug combinations. In general, combination therapy plays a pivotal role in the management of diabetes. Integrating the effectiveness of multiple drugs enables more comprehensive and effective control of blood glucose without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia or other serious adverse events. However, specific treatment regimens should be tailored to individual patients and implemented under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Xie
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Changchun Wu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuduo Hao
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhe Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiling Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kejun Deng
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Jeong H, Yang D, Zhao J, Seo JH, Shin DG, Cha JD, Lim CW, Kim JW, Kim B. Ethanol Extract of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae) Protects Against Type 2 Diabetes by Reducing Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Inflammation in Mice. J Med Food 2021; 24:464-478. [PMID: 34009023 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a threaten human health problem, and accompanied by hyperglycemia and disorder of insulin secretion, is a major cause of abnormalities in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Also, low-grade inflammation, as well as insulin resistance (IR), is a common feature in patients with T2D. Numerous causes of the outbreak of T2D have been suggested by researchers, who indicate that genetic background and epigenetic predisposition, such as overnutrition and deficient physical activity, hasten the promotion of T2D milieu. Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (O. japonicus) is a herbal and remedial plant whose various activities include hemostatic, antidotal, febrile, and anti-inflammatory. Hence, we designed to evaluate the antidiabetic efficacy of ethanol extracts of O. japonicus (OJE). Six-week-old C57BL/Ksj-db/db (db/db) mice were used. The results showed that mice given various concentrations of OJE (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg per day) for 8 weeks showed significantly reduced hyperglycemia, IR, and liver injury, confirmed by measuring diabetic parameters, serum, and hepatic biochemicals. Furthermore, the treatment of OJE markedly decreased the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines, lipid accumulation, and gluconeogenesis-related genes. Consistently, western blot analysis indicated that mice treated with OJE showed increased levels of phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, phospho-Akt, glucose transporters 2 and 4 (GLUT2 and GLUT4) in T2D mice. Likewise, much the same results were obtained in in vitro experiments. Taken together, OJE had hopeful advantage in sustaining the glucose homeostasis and diminishing IR, and could be a safe alternative remedy for treating T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuneui Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Daram Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jing Zhao
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Seo
- Research & Development Center of General Bio Co., Ltd, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Dong Gue Shin
- Research & Development Center of General Bio Co., Ltd, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Dan Cha
- Research & Development Center of General Bio Co., Ltd, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology (BK21 Plus Program), College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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Wen Y, Geng L, Zhou L, Pei X, Yang Z, Ding Z. Betulin alleviates on myocardial inflammation in diabetes mice via regulating Siti1/NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106653. [PMID: 32531709 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to study the effect of betulin (BE) on myocardial injury in diabetic mice. Insulin-related indexes and inflammation-related cytokines are detected by commercial kits. The mechanism of BE on diabetic myocardial injury was studied by modern molecular biology techniques. BE significantly improved glocose tolerance, reduced lipid accumulation and reduced the content of inflammatory cytokines in diabetic mice. Furthermore, BE regulated Siti1/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway in db/db mice and H9C2 cells. Siti1 inhibitor (EX-57) counteracted those changes. BE significantly protected against diabetic cardiomyopathy, which was related to the regulation of Siti1/NLRP3/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, China.
| | - Ling Geng
- Ward of Orthopedic and Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.
| | - Xueliang Pei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Zhiwei Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, China
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5
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Xue P, Zhao J, Zheng A, Li L, Chen H, Tu W, Zhang N, Yu Z, Wang Q, Gu M. Chrysophanol alleviates myocardial injury in diabetic db/db mice by regulating the SIRT1/HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4406-4412. [PMID: 31772635 PMCID: PMC6862128 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury induced by diabetes has become an increasing health problem. Chrysophanol (CHR) has been widely studied as a potential treatment for many diseases due to its anti-inflammatory effects, but has not been investigated in regard to diabetes-induced myocardial injury. The present study evaluated the myocardial protective effects of CHR in C57BL/KsJ-db/db diabetic mice. C57BL/KsJ-db/db and C57BLKS/J mice were treated with vehicle, metformin (100 mg/kg/day) or CHR (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed to detect blood glucose levels. Blood lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, myocardial function-associated enzymes, namely creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and insulin levels were analyzed. TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and myocardial tissues were determined by ELISA. Expression of silent information regulator l (SIRT1) and high mobility group box 1/NF-κB pathway-associated proteins in myocardial tissues were measured by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. CHR treatment at both concentrations markedly decreased blood lipid and serum insulin levels, and inhibited the myocardial enzymes CK and LDH. CHR also significantly ameliorated the cardiac pathological changes in diabetic mice. The inflammatory cytokine levels that were increased in C57BL/KsJ-db/db diabetic mice were downregulated by CHR treatment. CHR also increased SIRT1 protein expression and inhibited activation of the HMGB1/NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, the present study indicates that CHR effectively protected against diabetic myocardial injury via regulation of SIRT1 and the HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Aibin Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Huaqin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Zhangbin Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nangjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Qiuwei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Chrysin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1617-1628. [PMID: 31372694 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It begins with the accumulation of fat in the liver (simple steatosis), which if untreated can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chrysin is a flavonoid present in bee propolis and many other plants. The objective of this study was to determine if chrysin can ameliorate NAFLD induced by feeding a high fructose diet (HFD) in rats. The rats were divided into five groups: normal control, HFD control, chrysin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg p.o. body weight). Biochemical estimations were carried out in the serum and liver of rats. The gene expressions of SREBP-1c and PPAR α were determined in the liver. The histopathology of the liver was also studied. Chrysin caused a significant decrease in the serum fasting glucose and improved the insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and liver enzymes. It caused a significant decrease in the liver weight and hepatic free fatty acids, triglyceride, and cholesterol content. Chrysin exerted antioxidant effects, reduced carbonyl content, advanced glycation end products, collagen, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations in the liver. Chrysin significantly reduced the hepatic gene expression of SREBP-1c and increased that of PPAR-α. The histopathology of liver of rats treated with chrysin showed significant decrease in the steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation when compared to the HFD control group. Thus, chrysin demonstrated anti-steatotic, antiglycating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects and seems to be a promising molecule for the management of NAFLD.
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Umbelliferone alleviates hepatic injury in diabetic db/db mice via inhibiting inflammatory response and activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180444. [PMID: 29967293 PMCID: PMC6131207 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of umbelliferone (Umb) on liver injury in diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db (dbdb) mice. Mice were divided into five groups: wild-type mice group (WY), dbdb mice group, dbdb mice + Metformin (100 mg/kg) group, dbdb mice + Umb (20, 40 mg/kg) group. Blood glucose regulation was assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). At 28 days after drug administration, blood samples were obtained for the analysis of lipids and enzymes related to hepatic function, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). Expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and oxidative stress indicators (SOD and MDA) were measured with ELISA kit. The expressions of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (TLR4), Myd88, NF-κB, IκB, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins were also evaluated by Western blotting analysis. The results showed that Umb significantly restored the blood glucose in OGTT, and inhibited the levels of insulin, TG, TC, as well as activities of ALT and AST. Moreover, Umb inhibited diabetic inflammation through down-regulating the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, and IκB. In addition, Umb alleviated oxidative damage in the liver by activating Nrf2-mediated signal pathway. These findings demonstrated that Umb exhibited protective effect against diabetic live injury, which may be through inhibiting HMGB1-induced inflammatory response and activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant.
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Hu X, Yu D, Zhuang L, Zhou M, Shi Z, Jin G, Zhang X. Geniposide improves hepatic inflammation in diabetic db/db mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pratchayasakul W, Thongnak LO, Chattipakorn K, Lungaphin A, Pongchaidecha A, Satjaritanun P, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Chattipakorn SC. Atorvastatin and insulin equally mitigate brain pathology in diabetic rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 342:79-85. [PMID: 29391240 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although insulin and atorvastatin have been shown to exert glycemic control and could improve brain function, the effects of atorvastatin or insulin as well as the combination of atorvastatin plus insulin on brain pathology in diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) are unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of atorvastatin, insulin or combined drugs on brain pathology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-six male rats were divided into two groups, a control group (n = 12) and a diabetic or experimental group (n = 24). Diabetic rats were further divided into four groups (n = 6/group) and the groups received either a vehicle (normal saline), atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day), insulin (4 U/day) or a combination of the drugs for 4 weeks. The control group rats were divided into two groups (n = 6/group) to receive either just the vehicle or atorvastatin for 4 weeks. We found that streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats developed hyperglycemia, showing evidence of increased brain oxidative stress, impaired brain mitochondrial function, increased brain apoptosis, increased tau protein expression, increased phosphorylation of tau protein expression and amyloid beta levels, and decreased dendritic spine density. Although atorvastatin and insulin therapies led to an equal reduction in plasma glucose level in these diabetic rats, the combined drug therapy showed the greatest efficacy in decreasing plasma glucose level. Interestingly, atorvastatin, insulin and the combined drugs equally mitigated brain pathology. Our findings indicate that the combined drug therapy showed the greatest efficacy in improving metabolic parameters. However, atorvastatin, insulin and the combined drug therapy shared a similar efficacy in preventing brain damage in T1DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - La-Ongdao Thongnak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kenneth Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pattarapong Satjaritanun
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Salama AH, Basha M, El Awdan S. Experimentally designed lyophilized dry emulsion tablets for enhancing the antihyperlipidemic activity of atorvastatin calcium: Preparation, in-vitro evaluation and in-vivo assessment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 112:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yin H, Huang L, Ouyang T, Chen L. Baicalein improves liver inflammation in diabetic db/db mice by regulating HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 55:55-62. [PMID: 29223854 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects and possible mechanisms of Baicalein (BA) on the diabetic liver injury in vivo and in vitro. The results exhibited that BA significantly restored the blood glucose in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and inhibited the levels of insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Moreover, BA strikingly attenuated the extent of steatosis in the liver tissues of diabetic mice. These results confirmed the hepatoprotective effects of BA on diabetic liver injury. Further in vivo investigations revealed that the hepatoprotective activities of BA was due to the effects on remarkably suppressing the inflammatory cascade, including attenuating the expressions of HMGB1, TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB and IκB proteins and inhibiting the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in diabetic mice. Finally, the hepatoprotective effects of BA were characterized in human hepatic HepG2 cells. With response to palmitic acid-challenge, increased amount of insulin, ALT, AST, TG, TC were observed, whereas BA pretreatment significantly restored these changes in HepG2 cells. Inflammation condition was also recovered with BA treatment as shown by the changes of HMGB1, TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB and IκB expressions and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. These findings elucidated that BA exhibited prominent hepatoprotective activities in diabetic live injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Lihao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Lvyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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12
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Basha M, Salama AH, El Awdan S. Reconstitutable spray dried ultra-fine dispersion as a robust platform for effective oral delivery of an antihyperlipidemic drug. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:478-490. [PMID: 28923769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current article highlights the application of spray drying technique to produce an ultra-fine powder encapsulating the antihyperlipidemic drug, atorvastatin calcium (ATV). First, ATV was dissolved in an emulsion formulation, and different carriers (pectin, alginate, chitosan HCl and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose) in two concentrations (1.5 and 3%) were added. Then, these carrier-containing formulations were subjected to spray drying, whereby ultra-fine ATV-loaded spray dried emulsions were produced (ATV-SDE). The optimum formulation; ATV-SDE7 containing 3% w/w pectin was selected showing an obviously enhanced dissolution profile compared to the other used polymers which could be attributed to its lower ability to swell in acidic medium, resulting in faster drug diffusion into release medium. Thus, ATV-SDE7 was subjected to further characterization including; DSC, XRPD, SEM and flowability properties. In-vivo studies were conducted using high-fat induced hyperlipidemic rats. The optimum formulation depicted normal lipid profile showing significant reduction in the measured parameters at the end of daily oral treatment, compared to ATV marketed tablets and control hyperlipidemic rats confirmed by normal liver sections upon histopathological examination. The superior lipid-lowering activity of ATV-SDE7 was not only due to the enhanced dissolution of ATV but also due to the presence of pectin which is capable of lowering both cholesterol and triglyceride serum levels. Hence, the present study suggests that the formulation strategy employing ultrafine redispersible spray dried emulsion with pectin as a carrier holds a promising approach for the development of a novel dosage form of enhanced antihyperlipidemic effect for ATV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Basha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sally El Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Kabel AM, Abd Elmaaboud MA, Albarraq AA. Ameliorative potential of omega 3 fatty acids and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on experimentally-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 96:1-9. [PMID: 25541279 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has a relation to obesity. It may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. To date, the therapeutic options are limited due to complex pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of atorvastatin and omega 3 fatty acids on experimentally-induced NASH. Sixty male albino rats were divided into 6 equal groups; control group, high fat emulsion/sucrose (HFE/S) diet, HFE/S+carboxymethyl cellulose, HFE/S +Atorvastatin, HFE/S+Fish oil and HFE/S+Atorvastatin+Fish oil. Serum alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins, insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were measured. Also, hepatic TC, TG, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were determined. Liver sections were examined histopathologically. Atorvastatin improved lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress but did not improve insulin resistance, hepatic TGF-β1 or body weight while fish oil improved lipid profile, decreased inflammation and oxidative stress, improved insulin resistance, hepatic TGF-β1 and body weight compared to HFE/S group. Atorvastatin/fish oil combination produced significant improvement in the lipid profile, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hepatic TGF-β1 and body weight compared to the use of each of these drugs alone. This might be attributed to the effect of fish oil on the lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance and TGF-β1 which potentiates the effect of atorvastatin on NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed A Albarraq
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Williams KH, Shackel NA, Gorrell MD, McLennan SV, Twigg SM. Diabetes and nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease: a pathogenic duo. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:84-129. [PMID: 23238855 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent data increasingly support a complex interplay between the metabolic condition diabetes mellitus and the pathologically defined nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD predicts the development of type 2 diabetes and vice versa, and each condition may serve as a progression factor for the other. Although the association of diabetes and NAFLD is likely to be partly the result of a "common soil," it is also probable that diabetes interacts with NAFLD through specific pathogenic mechanisms. In particular, through interrelated metabolic pathways currently only partly understood, diabetes appears to accelerate the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, defined by the presence of necroinflammation, with varying degrees of liver fibrosis. In the research setting, obstacles that have made the identification of clinically significant NAFLD, and particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, difficult are being addressed with the use of new imaging techniques combined with risk algorithms derived from peripheral blood profiling. These techniques are likely to be used in the diabetes population in the near future. This review examines the pathogenic links between NAFLD and diabetes by exploring the epidemiological evidence in humans and also through newer animal models. Emerging technology to help screen noninvasively for differing pathological forms of NAFLD and the potential role of preventive and therapeutic approaches for NAFLD in the setting of diabetes are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Williams
- Sydney Medical School and the Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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15
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Matafome P, Santos-Silva D, Crisóstomo J, Rodrigues T, Rodrigues L, Sena CM, Pereira P, Seiça R. Methylglyoxal causes structural and functional alterations in adipose tissue independently of obesity. Arch Physiol Biochem 2012; 118:58-68. [PMID: 22364223 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2012.658065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue is one of the first organs to develop insulin resistance even with moderate BMI. However, the contribution of developing hyperglycaemia and concomitant methylglyoxal increment to tissue dysfunction during type 2 diabetes progression was not addressed before. METHODS Young and aged Wistar and Goto-Kakizaki rats (non-obese model of type 2 diabetes) and a group of MG-treated W rats were used to investigate the chronic effects of hyperglycaemia and ageing and specifically MG-induced mechanisms. RESULTS Diabetic and aged rats showed decreased adipose tissue irrigation and interstitial hypoxia. Hyperglycaemia of diabetic rats leaded to fibrosis and accumulation of PAS-positive components, exacerbated in aged animals, which also showed decreased hipoadiponectinemia, increased MCP-1 expression and macrophage infiltration to glycated fibrotic regions. MG leaded to increased free fatty acids, hipoadiponectinemia, decreased irrigation, hypoxia and macrophage recruitment for glycated fibrotic regions. CONCLUSIONS MG contributes to dysfunction of adipose tissue during type 2 diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology - IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Daskalopoulos GN, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. Statin-based treatment for cardiovascular risk and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Killing two birds with one stone? Ann Med 2011; 43:167-71. [PMID: 21476786 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.561363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share common risk factors and may have a parallel course. Statin treatment alone or in combination with other drugs has a substantially beneficial effect on CVD morbidity and mortality. The question was if these regimens were harmful for the liver. Mounting data suggest that statin monotherapy or statin-based treatments are safe in patients with NAFLD and can improve liver tests and liver ultrasonographic evidence of NAFLD. Recent data suggest that statin-based therapies are beneficial to the liver and at the same time reduce CVD morbidity and mortality in patients with NAFLD more than in subjects without it. These findings suggest that with statins we are able to get two birds with one stone.
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Dietary d-limonene alleviates insulin resistance and oxidative stress–induced liver injury in high-fat diet and L-NAME-treated rats. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:57-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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