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Gao X, Jin X, Wang W, Di X, Peng L, Li H, Liao B, Wang K. β-Adrenoceptors regulate urothelial inflammation and zonula occludens in the bladder outlet obstruction model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111371. [PMID: 38103410 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-adrenoceptors (ADRBs) on the urothelial inflammation and zonula occludens (ZO) in a rat PBOO model and in an in vitro model. METHODS The PBOO model was established by ligating the bladder neck of rats. Twenty rats were divided into 4 groups: sham operation, PBOO + normal saline, PBOO + ADRB2 agonist, PBOO + ADRB3 agonist. PBOO rats were with treated with ADRBs agonists for 3 weeks. Human urothelial cells (HUCs) were subjected to ADRBs agonist treatment or hydrostatic pressure in an in vitro model. RESULTS In the PBOO group, there was a significant increase in the expression of MCP-1, IL-6 and RANTES compared to the sham group. By contrast, there was a post-PBOO decline in the expression of ZO-1 and ZO-2 in the urothelium. ADRB2 or ADRB3 agonists exhibited downregulated inflammatory cytokine expression and increased ZO expression in the PBOO model. The regulation of inflammation and ZO by ADRB2 and ADRB3 agonists in an in vitro model was found consistent with that in the PBOO model. Moreover, RhoA and ROCK inhibitors suppressed the expression of hydrostatic pressure-induced inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, RhoA agonist reversed the inhibitory effect of ADRBs agonists on the inflammatory secretion from HUCs. CONCLUSIONS ADRB2 and ADRB3 agonists increased ZO protein expression in HUCs in a rat PBOO model and in an in vitro model. Furthermore, ADRB2 and ADRB3 agonists inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from HUCs by regulating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Gao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingpeng Di
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liao Peng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Banghua Liao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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2
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Albuhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, El-Bouseary MM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GES. Celiprolol and sympatho-immune interface in COVID-19. Immunology 2023; 170:579-582. [PMID: 37679864 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maisra M El-Bouseary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt
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3
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Kasozi KI, Zirintunda G, Aslam A, Allahyani M, Welburn SC, Batiha GES. Effects of β-Blockers on the Sympathetic and Cytokines Storms in Covid-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749291. [PMID: 34867978 PMCID: PMC8637815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a causative virus in the development of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Respiratory manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and sympatho-activation and in severe cases leads to sympathetic storm (SS). On the other hand, an exaggerated immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 invasion may lead to uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokine development of cytokine storm (CS). In Covid-19, there are interactive interactions between CS and SS in the development of multi-organ failure (MOF). Interestingly, cutting the bridge between CS and SS by anti-inflammatory and anti-adrenergic agents may mitigate complications that are induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in severely affected Covid-19 patients. The potential mechanisms of SS in Covid-19 are through different pathways such as hypoxia, which activate the central sympathetic center through carotid bodies chemosensory input and induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, which cross the blood-brain barrier and activation of the sympathetic center. β2-receptors signaling pathway play a crucial role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, macrophage activation, and B-cells for the production of antibodies with inflammation exacerbation. β-blockers have anti-inflammatory effects through reduction release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with inhibition of NF-κB. In conclusion, β-blockers interrupt this interaction through inhibition of several mediators of CS and SS with prevention development of neural-cytokine loop in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evidence from this study triggers an idea for future prospective studies to confirm the potential role of β-blockers in the management of Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Ismail Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department, Health Sciences Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, Kabale Unviersity, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Gerald Zirintunda
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Allahyani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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4
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Sriram K, Insel MB, Insel PA. Inhaled β2 Adrenergic Agonists and Other cAMP-Elevating Agents: Therapeutics for Alveolar Injury and Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome? Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:488-526. [PMID: 34795026 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled long-acting β-adrenergic agonists (LABAs) and short-acting β-adrenergic agonists are approved for the treatment of obstructive lung disease via actions mediated by β2 adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) that increase cellular cAMP synthesis. This review discusses the potential of β2-AR agonists, in particular LABAs, for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We emphasize ARDS induced by pneumonia and focus on the pathobiology of ARDS and actions of LABAs and cAMP on pulmonary and immune cell types. β2-AR agonists/cAMP have beneficial actions that include protection of epithelial and endothelial cells from injury, restoration of alveolar fluid clearance, and reduction of fibrotic remodeling. β2-AR agonists/cAMP also exert anti-inflammatory effects on the immune system by actions on several types of immune cells. Early administration is likely critical for optimizing efficacy of LABAs or other cAMP-elevating agents, such as agonists of other Gs-coupled G protein-coupled receptors or cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Clinical studies that target lung injury early, prior to development of ARDS, are thus needed to further assess the use of inhaled LABAs, perhaps combined with inhaled corticosteroids and/or long-acting muscarinic cholinergic antagonists. Such agents may provide a multipronged, repurposing, and efficacious therapeutic approach while minimizing systemic toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after pulmonary alveolar injury (e.g., certain viral infections) is associated with ∼40% mortality and in need of new therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the pathobiology of ARDS, focusing on contributions of pulmonary and immune cell types and potentially beneficial actions of β2 adrenergic receptors and cAMP. Early administration of inhaled β2 adrenergic agonists and perhaps other cAMP-elevating agents after alveolar injury may be a prophylactic approach to prevent development of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sriram
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Michael B Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paul A Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.S., P.A.I.) and Medicine (P.A.I.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine (M.B.I.) University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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5
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Roberts MJ, May LT, Keen AC, Liu B, Lam T, Charlton SJ, Rosethorne EM, Halls ML. Inhibition of the Proliferation of Human Lung Fibroblasts by Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists is Linked to a Sustained cAMP Signal in the Nucleus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669227. [PMID: 33995100 PMCID: PMC8116805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease, and current treatments are limited by their side effects. Proliferation of human lung fibroblasts in the pulmonary interstitial tissue is a hallmark of this disease and is driven by prolonged ERK signalling in the nucleus in response to growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Agents that increase cAMP have been suggested as alternative therapies, as this second messenger can inhibit the ERK cascade. We previously examined a panel of eight Gαs-cAMP-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) endogenously expressed in human lung fibroblasts. Although the cAMP response was important for the anti-fibrotic effects of GPCR agonists, the magnitude of the acute cAMP response was not predictive of anti-fibrotic efficacy. Here we examined the reason for this apparent disconnect by stimulating the Gαs-coupled prostacyclin receptor and measuring downstream signalling at a sub-cellular level. MRE-269 and treprostinil caused sustained cAMP signalling in the nucleus and complete inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. In contrast, iloprost caused a transient increase in nuclear cAMP, there was no effect of iloprost on PDGF-induced ERK in the nucleus, and this agonist was much less effective at reversing PDGF-induced proliferation. This suggests that sustained elevation of cAMP in the nucleus is necessary for efficient inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. This is an important first step towards understanding of the signalling events that drive GPCR inhibition of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine J Roberts
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Bonan Liu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Terrance Lam
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Steven J Charlton
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd., BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M Rosethorne
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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6
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Xing G, Woo AYH, Pan L, Lin B, Cheng MS. Recent Advances in β 2-Agonists for Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Heart Failure. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15218-15242. [PMID: 33213146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β2-Adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonists are widely used as bronchodilators. The emerge of ultralong acting β2-agonists is an important breakthrough in pulmonary medicine. In this review, we will provide mechanistic insights into the application of β2-agonists in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure (HF). Recent studies in β-AR signal transduction have revealed opposing functions of the β1-AR and the β2-AR on cardiomyocyte survival. Thus, β2-agonists and β-blockers in combination may represent a novel strategy for HF management. Allosteric modulation and biased agonism at the β2-AR also provide a theoretical basis for developing drugs with novel mechanisms of action and pharmacological profiles. Overlap of COPD and HF presents a substantial clinical challenge but also a unique opportunity for evaluation of the cardiovascular safety of β2-agonists. Further basic and clinical research along these lines can help us develop better drugs and innovative strategies for the management of these difficult-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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7
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Lai J, Ai J, Luo D, Jin T, Liao B, Zhou L, Feng S, Jin X, Li H, Wang K. β-Adrenoceptor signaling regulates proliferation and contraction of human bladder smooth muscle cells under pathological hydrostatic pressure. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17872-17886. [PMID: 31161623 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) promotes bladder detrusor hyperplasia, increases bladder pressure, and decreases bladder compliance. To extensively explore its underlying mechanism, our study aimed to investigate the effect of pathological hydrostatic pressure on human bladder smooth muscle cell (hBSMC) proliferation and contraction through β-adrenoceptor (ADRB) signaling in vitro. METHODS hBSMCs were subjected to pathological hydrostatic pressure (100 cm H2 O) to investigate the effect of ADRBs on the proliferation and contraction of hBSMCs treated with its agonists and/or antagonists. RESULTS Firstly, exposure to 100 cm H2 O hydrostatic pressure significantly upregulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in hBSMCs at 6 hours, and promoted cell proliferation at 24 hours. When subjected to hydrostatic pressure alone, hBSMCs treated with ADRB2 and ADRB3 agonists for 6 hours inhibited α-SMA expression compared with untreated cells. By contrast, hBSMCs treated with ADRB2 agonists for 24 hours suppressed cell proliferation compared with untreated cells. The two classical pathways of ADRB, protein kinase A (PKA), and exchange factor directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) inhibited the contraction of hBSMCs under hydrostatic pressure via regulating mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2) activity. The proliferation of hBSMCs was mainly regulated by the EPAC pathway through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity. CONCLUSION The contraction of hBSMCs under hydrostatic pressure was regulated by ADRB2 and ADRB3 via the PKA/EPAC-SMAD2 pathway, and the proliferation of hBSMCs was regulated by ADRB2 via the EPAC-ERK1/2 pathway. Compared with ADRB3, ADRB2 played a predominant role under pathological hydrostatic pressure. These findings markedly uncovered the underlying mechanism of ADRBs in PBOO and provided new insights into the efficient treatment of patients with PBOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Lai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Deyi Luo
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Banghua Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shijian Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Qi Y, Fang L, Stolz D, Tamm M, Roth M. Long acting β2-agonist's activation of cyclic AMP cannot halt ongoing mitogenic stimulation in airway smooth muscle cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 56:20-28. [PMID: 30876906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) hyperplasia causes airway wall remodelling, which is resisting to therapy. Long acting β2-agonists (LABA) relax airway muscles, but their effect on remodelling is unclear. This study compared the anti-proliferative effect of LABA in human primary ASMC, in situations where LABA were applied before, together, or after platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). Cells obtained from controls (n = 5), and asthma patients (n = 5) were stimulated by PDGF-BB (10 ng/ml) before or after the application of formoterol or salmeterol. Proliferation was determined by direct cell counts over three days, cell cycle control proteins p21(Waf1/Cip1), p27(Kip1), signalling proteins Erk1/2 and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) were detected by immuno-blotting. PDGF-BB induced proliferation was significantly stronger in asthmatic ASMC versus controls. Proliferation was prevented by 30 min pre-incubation with LABA. When LABA were applied together or after PDGF-BB, their anti-proliferative effect was no longer significant. In untreated ASMC, LABA increased the expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1) through cAMP, and this mechanism was abolished by the presence of PDGF-BB. The data show that the anti-proliferative effect of cAMP signalling cannot overcome the mitogenic signalling cascade once it was activated. Therefore, remodelling in asthma cannot be reduced by LABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qi
- Pulmonary Cell Research and Pneumology, Department Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University & University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Medical College of Peking Medical University, No 31, Xinjiekou East Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research and Pneumology, Department Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University & University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Pulmonary Cell Research and Pneumology, Department Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University & University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research and Pneumology, Department Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University & University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research and Pneumology, Department Biomedicine & Internal Medicine, University & University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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Wright CE, Fraser SD, Brindle K, Morice AH, Hart SP, Crooks MG. Inhaled beclomethasone/formoterol in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomised controlled exploratory study. ERJ Open Res 2017; 3:00100-2017. [PMID: 29255719 PMCID: PMC5731771 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00100-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesise that inflammation plays a role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and that the harm associated with corticosteroid-containing regimens in IPF may relate to local beneficial effects being counterbalanced by deleterious systemic effects [1, 2]. Topical lung delivery could improve the poise between risk and benefit. IPF biomarker improved by ICS/LABAhttp://ow.ly/CHub30gzHry
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Wright
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Simon D Fraser
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Kayleigh Brindle
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Alyn H Morice
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Simon P Hart
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Michael G Crooks
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
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10
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Lo CY, Michaeloudes C, Bhavsar PK, Huang CD, Chang PJ, Wang CH, Kuo HP, Chung KF. Reduced suppressive effect of β 2-adrenoceptor agonist on fibrocyte function in severe asthma. Respir Res 2017; 18:194. [PMID: 29162108 PMCID: PMC5697384 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with severe asthma have increased airway remodelling and elevated numbers of circulating fibrocytes with enhanced myofibroblastic differentiation capacity, despite being treated with high doses of corticosteroids, and long acting β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists (LABAs). We determined the effect of β2-AR agonists, alone or in combination with corticosteroids, on fibrocyte function. Methods Non-adherent non-T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy subjects and patients with non-severe or severe asthma were treated with the β2-AR agonist, salmeterol, in the presence or absence of the corticosteroid dexamethasone. The number of fibrocytes (collagen I+/CD45+ cells) and differentiating fibrocytes (α-smooth muscle actin+ cells), and the expression of CC chemokine receptor 7 and of β2-AR were determined using flow cytometry. The role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was elucidated using the cAMP analogue 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) and the phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4) inhibitor, rolipram. Results Salmeterol reduced the proliferation, myofibroblastic differentiation and CCR7 expression of fibrocytes from healthy subjects and non-severe asthma patients. Fibrocytes from severe asthma patients had a lower baseline surface β2-AR expression and were relatively insensitive to salmeterol but not to 8-Br-cAMP or rolipram. Dexamethasone increased β2-AR expression and enhanced the inhibitory effect of salmeterol on severe asthma fibrocyte differentiation. Conclusions Fibrocytes from patients with severe asthma are relatively insensitive to the inhibitory effects of salmeterol, an effect which is reversed by combination with corticosteroids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0678-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lo
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charalambos Michaeloudes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK. .,Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Chien-Da Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jui Chang
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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11
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Herrmann FE, Wollin L, Wirth J, Gantner F, Lämmle B, Wex E. Olodaterol shows anti-fibrotic efficacy in in vitro and in vivo models of pulmonary fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3848-3864. [PMID: 28810065 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal respiratory disease characterized by excessive fibroblast activation ultimately leading to scarring of the lungs. Although, the activation of β2 -adrenoceptors (β2 -AR) has been shown to inhibit pro-fibrotic events primarily in cell lines, the role of β2 -adrenoceptor agonists has not yet been fully characterized. The aim of our study was to explore the anti-fibrotic activity of the long-acting β2 -adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol in primary human lung fibroblasts (HLF) and in murine models of pulmonary fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assessed the activity of olodaterol to inhibit various pro-fibrotic mechanisms, induced by different pro-fibrotic mediators, in primary HLF from control donors and patients with IPF (IPF-LF). The in vivo anti-fibrotic activity of olodaterol, given once daily by inhalation in either a preventive or therapeutic treatment regimen, was explored in murine models of lung fibrosis induced by either bleomycin or the overexpression of TGF-β1. KEY RESULTS In both HLF and IPF-LF, olodaterol attenuated TGF-β-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and endothelin-1 (ET-1), FGF- and PDGF-induced motility and proliferation and TGF-β/ET-1-induced contraction. In vivo olodaterol significantly attenuated the bleomycin-induced increase in lung weight, reduced bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts and inhibited release of pro-fibrotic mediators (TGF-ß, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1). Forced vital capacity was increased only with the preventive treatment regimen. In the TGF-β-overexpressing model, olodaterol additionally reduced the Col3A1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Olodaterol showed anti-fibrotic properties in primary HLF from control and IPF patients and in murine models of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Elena Herrmann
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Johannes Wirth
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Florian Gantner
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Bärbel Lämmle
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Eva Wex
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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12
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Bullone M, Vargas A, Elce Y, Martin JG, Lavoie JP. Fluticasone/salmeterol reduces remodelling and neutrophilic inflammation in severe equine asthma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8843. [PMID: 28821845 PMCID: PMC5562887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthmatic airways are inflamed and undergo remodelling. Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonist combinations are more effective than inhaled corticosteroid monotherapy in controlling disease exacerbations, but their effect on airway remodelling and inflammation remains ill-defined. This study evaluates the contribution of inhaled fluticasone and salmeterol, alone or combined, to the reversal of bronchial remodelling and inflammation. Severely asthmatic horses (6 horses/group) were treated with fluticasone, salmeterol, fluticasone/salmeterol, or with antigen avoidance for 12 weeks. Lung function, central and peripheral airway remodelling, and bronchoalveolar inflammation were assessed. Fluticasone/salmeterol and fluticasone monotherapy decreased peripheral airway smooth muscle remodelling after 12 weeks (p = 0.007 and p = 0.02, respectively). On average, a 30% decrease was observed with both treatments. In central airways, fluticasone/salmeterol reversed extracellular matrix remodelling after 12 weeks, both within the lamina propria (decreased thickness, p = 0.005) and within the smooth muscle layer (p = 0.004). Only fluticasone/salmeterol decreased bronchoalveolar neutrophilia (p = 0.03) to the same extent as antigen avoidance already after 8 weeks. In conclusion, this study shows that fluticasone/salmeterol combination decreases extracellular matrix remodelling in central airways and intraluminal neutrophilia. Fluticasone/salmeterol and fluticasone monotherapy equally reverse peripheral airway smooth muscle remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bullone
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, J2S 2M2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amandine Vargas
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, J2S 2M2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yvonne Elce
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, J2S 2M2, Quebec, Canada.,University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - James G Martin
- McGill University, Meakins Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, J2S 2M2, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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Seemann WK, Wenzel D, Schrage R, Etscheid J, Bödefeld T, Bartol A, Warnken M, Sasse P, Klöckner J, Holzgrabe U, DeAmici M, Schlicker E, Racké K, Kostenis E, Meyer R, Fleischmann BK, Mohr K. Engineered Context-Sensitive Agonism: Tissue-Selective Drug Signaling through a G Protein-Coupled Receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:289-299. [PMID: 28082514 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery strives for selective ligands to achieve targeted modulation of tissue function. Here we introduce engineered context-sensitive agonism as a postreceptor mechanism for tissue-selective drug action through a G protein-coupled receptor. Acetylcholine M2-receptor activation is known to mediate, among other actions, potentially dangerous slowing of the heart rate. This unwanted side effect is one of the main reasons that limit clinical application of muscarinic agonists. Herein we show that dualsteric (orthosteric/allosteric) agonists induce less cardiac depression ex vivo and in vivo than conventional full agonists. Exploration of the underlying mechanism in living cells employing cellular dynamic mass redistribution identified context-sensitive agonism of these dualsteric agonists. They translate elevation of intracellular cAMP into a switch from full to partial agonism. Designed context-sensitive agonism opens an avenue toward postreceptor pharmacologic selectivity, which even works in target tissues operated by the same subtype of pharmacologic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke K Seemann
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Ramona Schrage
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Justine Etscheid
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Theresa Bödefeld
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Anna Bartol
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Mareille Warnken
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Jessica Klöckner
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Marco DeAmici
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Kurt Racké
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Rainer Meyer
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
| | - Klaus Mohr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (W.K.S., R.S., J.E., T.B., A.B., K.M.); Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.W., P.S., B.K.F.); Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (M.W., E.S., K.R.); Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.K., U.H.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica 'Pietro Pratesi,' Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (M.D.); Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (E.K.); Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (R.M.); Center of Pharmacology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (W.K.S.)
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14
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Neural Regulation of Pancreatic Cancer: A Novel Target for Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1292-312. [PMID: 26193320 PMCID: PMC4586771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is known to play a pivotal role in driving cancer progression and governing response to therapy. This is of significance in pancreatic cancer where the unique pancreatic tumor microenvironment, characterized by its pronounced desmoplasia and fibrosis, drives early stages of tumor progression and dissemination, and contributes to its associated low survival rates. Several molecular factors that regulate interactions between pancreatic tumors and their surrounding stroma are beginning to be identified. Yet broader physiological factors that influence these interactions remain unclear. Here, we discuss a series of preclinical and mechanistic studies that highlight the important role chronic stress plays as a physiological regulator of neural-tumor interactions in driving the progression of pancreatic cancer. These studies propose several approaches to target stress signaling via the β-adrenergic signaling pathway in order to slow pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis. They also provide evidence to support the use of β-blockers as a novel therapeutic intervention to complement current clinical strategies to improve cancer outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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15
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Santus P, Radovanovic D, Paggiaro P, Papi A, Sanduzzi A, Scichilone N, Braido F. Why use long acting bronchodilators in chronic obstructive lung diseases? An extensive review on formoterol and salmeterol. Eur J Intern Med 2015; 26:379-84. [PMID: 26049917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists, formoterol and salmeterol, represent a milestone in the treatments of chronic obstructive lung diseases. Although no specific indications concerning the choice of one molecule rather than another are provided by asthma and COPD guidelines, they present different pharmacological properties resulting in distinct clinical employment possibilities. In particular, salmeterol has a low intrinsic efficacy working as a partial receptor agonist, while formoterol is a full agonist with high intrinsic efficacy. From a clinical perspective, in the presence of low β2-adrenoceptors availability, like in inflamed airways, a full agonist can maintain its bronchodilatory and non-smooth muscle activities while a partial agonist may be less effective. Furthermore, formoterol presents a faster onset of action than salmeterol. This phenomenon, combined with the molecule safety profile, leads to a prompt amelioration of the symptoms, and allows using this drug in asthma as an "as needed" treatment in patients already on regular treatment. The fast onset of action and the full agonism of formoterol need to be considered in order to select the best pharmacological treatment of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Santus
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute. Pneumologia Riabilitativa Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Istituto Scientifico di Milano-IRCCS. Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - D Radovanovic
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute. Pneumologia Riabilitativa Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Istituto Scientifico di Milano-IRCCS. Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - P Paggiaro
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | - A Papi
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Sanduzzi
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Surgery and Clinical Medicine, University of Naples, Italy
| | - N Scichilone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonology (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - F Braido
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, DIMI, University of Genoa, IRCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy.
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Montuschi P, Ciabattoni G. Bronchodilating Drugs for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Current Status and Future Trends. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4131-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5013227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ciabattoni
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
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17
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Schrage R, Seemann WK, Klöckner J, Dallanoce C, Racké K, Kostenis E, De Amici M, Holzgrabe U, Mohr K. Agonists with supraphysiological efficacy at the muscarinic M2 ACh receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:357-70. [PMID: 23062057 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Artificial agonists may have higher efficacy for receptor activation than the physiological agonist. Until now, such 'superagonism' has rarely been reported for GPCRs. Iperoxo is an extremely potent muscarinic receptor agonist. We hypothesized that iperoxo is a 'superagonist'. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Signalling of iperoxo and newly synthesized structural analogues was compared with that of ACh at label-free M2 muscarinic receptors applying whole cell dynamic mass redistribution, measurement of G-protein activation, evaluation of cell surface agonist binding and computation of operational efficacies. KEY RESULTS In CHO-hM2 cells, iperoxo significantly exceeds ACh in Gi /Gs signalling competence. In the orthosteric loss-of-function mutant M2 -Y104(3.33) A, the maximum effect of iperoxo is hardly compromised in contrast to ACh. 'Superagonism' is preserved in the physiological cellular context of MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts. Structure-signalling relationships including iperoxo derivatives with either modified positively charged head group or altered tail suggest that 'superagonism' of iperoxo is mechanistically based on parallel activation of the receptor protein via two orthosteric interaction points. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Supraphysiological agonist efficacy at muscarinic M2 ACh receptors is demonstrated for the first time. In addition, a possible underlying molecular mechanism of GPCR 'superagonism' is provided. We suggest that iperoxo-like orthosteric GPCR activation is a new avenue towards a novel class of receptor activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schrage
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Section, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Franke J, Abraham G. Concomitant inhibition of primary equine bronchial fibroblast proliferation and differentiation by selective β2-adrenoceptor agonists and dexamethasone. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:205-13. [PMID: 25128704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Altered airway cell proliferation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as the equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) with consistent changes, i.e. narrowing the airway wall, explained by proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts. In permanent cell lines, it has been suggested that β2-adrenoceptor agonists and glucocorticoids regulate cell proliferation via the β2-adrenoceptor pathway; indeed, no study was carried out in fresh isolated primary equine bronchial fibroblasts (EBF). We characterized the β-adrenoceptors in EBF, and compared effects of long-acting (clenbuterol) and short-acting (salbutamol and isoproterenol) β2-agonists and dexamethasone on proliferation, differentiation and collagen synthesis. High density (Bmax; 5037±494 sites/cell) of β2-adrenoceptor subtype was expressed in EBF. β2-agonists inhibited concentration-dependently EBF proliferation with potency of clenbuterol>salbutamol »isoproterenol which was inhibited by ICI 118.551 and propranolol but not by CGP 20712A. In contrast, dexamethasone alone inhibited less EBF proliferation, but the effect was high when dexamethasone was combined with β2-agonists. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) increased transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which was inhibited by clenbuterol and dexamethasone alone and drug combination resulted in high inhibition rate. Collagen synthesis in EBF was rather hampered by dexamethasone than by β-agonists. Collectively, the expression of β2-adrenoceptor subtype in EBF and the anti-proliferative effect of clenbuterol suggest that β2-adrenoceptors are growth inhibitory and anti-fibrotic in EBF. These β2-agonist effects in EBF were synergistically enhanced by dexamethasone, providing the additive effects of glucocorticoids to counteract airway remodelling and morbidity of asthma and RAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Franke
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Getu Abraham
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Lambers C, Qi Y, Eleni P, Costa L, Zhong J, Tamm M, Block LH, Roth M. Extracellular matrix composition is modified by β₂-agonists through cAMP in COPD. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:400-8. [PMID: 25107701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long acting β₂-agonists (LABA) have been reported to modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition in the airway wall. Based on our earlier studies we here investigated the mechanism underlying the control of ECM modification by LABA in primary human airway smooth muscle cells. Cells were treated with formoterol or salmeterol (30 min) before TGF-β₁ stimulation (2-3 days) Using RT-PCT, immuno-blotting and ELISA the de novo synthesis and deposition of collagen type-I, -III, -IV and fibronectin were determined. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9 were analyzed by zymography. Both LABA activated cAMP and its corresponding transcription factor CREB within 60 min and thus partly reduced TGF-β₁-induced gene transcription of collagen type-I, -III, fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The inhibitory effect of both LABA on collagen type-I and -III deposition involved a cAMP dependent mechanism, while the inhibitory effect of the two drugs on TGF-β1-induced fibronectin deposition and on CTGF secretion was independent of cAMP. Interestingly, none of the two LABA reduced CTGF-induced synthesis of collagen type-I or type-III deposition. In addition, none of the two LABA modified collagen type-IV deposition or the expression and activity of MMP-2 or MMP-9. Our results show that LABA can prevent de novo deposition of specific ECM components through cAMP dependent and independent signaling. However, they do not reduce all ECM components by the same mechanism and they do not reduce existing collagen deposits. This might explain some of the controversial reports on the anti-remodeling effect of LABA in chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ying Qi
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Papakonstantinou Eleni
- Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, GR-54621 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Luigi Costa
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jun Zhong
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lutz-Henning Block
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Dept Biomedicine and Pneumology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Kämpfer N, Lamyel F, Schütz I, Warnken M, Hoffmann K, von Kügelgen I, Racké K. Dual regulation of β2-adrenoceptor messenger RNA expression in human lung fibroblasts by β2-cAMP signaling; delayed upregulated inhibitors oppose a rapid in onset, direct stimulation of gene expression. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 387:649-57. [PMID: 24705868 PMCID: PMC4065340 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on their bronchodilatory effect, β2-adrenoceptor agonists constitute essential elements in the treatment of bronchial asthma and COPD. As treatment with β2-adrenoceptor agonists has been associated with worsening of airway hyper-reactivity, possibly because of loss of β-adrenoceptor function, molecular mechanism of the regulation of β2-adrenoceptor expression were studied. MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts were cultured in absence or presence of test substances followed by β2-adrenoceptor messenger RNA (mRNA) determination by qPCR. After inhibition of mRNA synthesis by actinomycin D, β2-adrenoceptor mRNA decreased with a half-life of 23 min, whereas inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide caused an about 5- and 6-fold increase within 1.5 and 4 h, respectively. β2-Adrenoceptor mRNA was increased by about 100 % after 1 h exposure to formoterol or olodaterol but decreased by about 60 % after 4 h agonist exposure. Both effects of β2-adrenoceptor agonists were mimicked by forskolin, a direct activator of adenylyl cyclase and cholera toxin, which stimulates adenylyl cyclase by permanent activation of Gs. β2-Adrenoceptor agonist-induced upregulation of β2-adrenoceptor mRNA was blocked by the β2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118551 and prevented by actinomycin D, but not by cycloheximide. Moreover, in presence of cycloheximide, β2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced reduction in β2-adrenoceptor mRNA was converted into stimulation, resulting in a more than 10-fold increase. In conclusion, expression of β2-adrenoceptors in human lung fibroblasts is highly regulated at transcriptional level. The β2-adrenoceptor gene is under strong inhibitory control of short-living suppressor proteins. β2-Adrenoceptor activation induces via adenylyl cyclase - cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling a rapid in onset direct stimulation of the β2-adrenoceptor gene transcription, an effect opposed by a delayed upregulation of inhibitory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kämpfer
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Lamyel
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - I. Schütz
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Warnken
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - I. von Kügelgen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kurt Racké
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Biomedical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Olodaterol (Striverdi(®) Respimat(®)) is a novel, long-acting, β2-adrenergic receptor agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The drug is delivered via the Respimat(®) Soft Mist™ inhaler. Olodaterol received its first global approval for the once-daily maintenance treatment of COPD in Canada and Russia, and submissions for regulatory approval have also been made in the USA, the EU and elsewhere. Phase II trials have been conducted in patients with asthma. The company is also developing a fixed-dose combination of olodaterol with tiotropium bromide, a long-acting anti-muscarinic agent, for the treatment of COPD. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of olodaterol leading to this first approval for COPD.
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22
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Pera T, Penn RB. Crosstalk between beta-2-adrenoceptor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the airway. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 16:72-81. [PMID: 24747364 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The M3 and M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and beta-2-adrenoceptors (β2ARs) are important regulators of airway cell function, and drugs targeting these receptors are among the first line drugs in the treatment of the obstructive lung diseases asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Cross-regulation or crosstalk between mAChRs and β2ARs in airway smooth muscle (ASM) helps determine the contractile state of the muscle, thus airway diameter and resistance to airflow. In this review we will detail mAChR and β2AR-signaling and crosstalk, focusing on events in the ASM cell but also addressing the function of these receptors in other cell types that impact airway physiology. We conclude by discussing how recent advances in GPCR pharmacology offer a unique opportunity to fine tune mAChR and β2AR signaling and their crosstalk, and thereby produce superior therapeutics for obstructive lung and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonio Pera
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson-Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson-Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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23
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Carter RL, Grisanti LA, Yu JE, Repas AA, Woodall M, Ibetti J, Koch WJ, Jacobson MA, Tilley DG. Dynamic mass redistribution analysis of endogenous β-adrenergic receptor signaling in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2. [PMID: 24683488 PMCID: PMC3968527 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Label-free systems for the agnostic assessment of cellular responses to receptor stimulation have been shown to provide a sensitive method to dissect receptor signaling. β-adenergic receptors (βAR) are important regulators of normal and pathologic cardiac function and are expressed in cardiomyocytes as well as cardiac fibroblasts, where relatively fewer studies have explored their signaling responses. Using label-free whole cell dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assays we investigated the response patterns to stimulation of endogenous βAR in primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCF). The EPIC-BT by Corning was used to measure DMR responses in primary isolated NRCF treated with various βAR and EGFR ligands. Additional molecular assays for cAMP generation and receptor internalization responses were used to correlate the DMR findings with established βAR signaling pathways. Catecholamine stimulation of NRCF induced a concentration-dependent negative DMR deflection that was competitively blocked by βAR blockade and non-competitively blocked by irreversible uncoupling of Gs proteins. Subtype-selective βAR ligand profiling revealed a dominant role for β2AR in mediating the DMR responses, consistent with the relative expression levels of β2AR and β1AR in NRCF. βAR-mediated cAMP generation profiles revealed similar kinetics to DMR responses, each of which were enhanced via inhibition of cAMP degradation, as well as dynamin-mediated receptor internalization. Finally, G protein-independent βAR signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was assessed, revealing a smaller but significant contribution of this pathway to the DMR response to βAR stimulation. Measurement of DMR responses in primary cardiac fibroblasts provides a sensitive readout for investigating endogenous βAR signaling via both G protein-dependent and –independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L Carter
- Center for Translational Medicine (R.L.C., L.A.G., J.E.Y., A.A.R., M.W., J.I., W.J.K. and D.G.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K. and D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research and Temple University School of Pharmacy (M.A.J.), Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Center for Translational Medicine (R.L.C., L.A.G., J.E.Y., A.A.R., M.W., J.I., W.J.K. and D.G.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K. and D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research and Temple University School of Pharmacy (M.A.J.), Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Justine E Yu
- Center for Translational Medicine (R.L.C., L.A.G., J.E.Y., A.A.R., M.W., J.I., W.J.K. and D.G.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K. and D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research and Temple University School of Pharmacy (M.A.J.), Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ashley A Repas
- Center for Translational Medicine (R.L.C., L.A.G., J.E.Y., A.A.R., M.W., J.I., W.J.K. and D.G.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K. and D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research and Temple University School of Pharmacy (M.A.J.), Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Meryl Woodall
- Center for Translational Medicine (R.L.C., L.A.G., J.E.Y., A.A.R., M.W., J.I., W.J.K. and D.G.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K. and D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research and Temple University School of Pharmacy (M.A.J.), Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- Center for Translational Medicine (R.L.C., L.A.G., J.E.Y., A.A.R., M.W., J.I., W.J.K. and D.G.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K. and D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research and Temple University School of Pharmacy (M.A.J.), Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine (R.L.C., L.A.G., J.E.Y., A.A.R., M.W., J.I., W.J.K. and D.G.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K. and D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research and Temple University School of Pharmacy (M.A.J.), Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marlene A Jacobson
- Center for Translational Medicine (R.L.C., L.A.G., J.E.Y., A.A.R., M.W., J.I., W.J.K. and D.G.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K. and D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research and Temple University School of Pharmacy (M.A.J.), Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine (R.L.C., L.A.G., J.E.Y., A.A.R., M.W., J.I., W.J.K. and D.G.T.) and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K. and D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research and Temple University School of Pharmacy (M.A.J.), Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Relaxin attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating collagen type I and MMP-2. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:537-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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PGE 2 desensitizes β -agonist effect on human lung fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction through upregulating PDE4. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:145197. [PMID: 24227907 PMCID: PMC3817676 DOI: 10.1155/2013/145197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we investigated the effect of a long-acting β-agonist (salmeterol) and a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor (cilomilast) on human lung fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Higher concentrations of salmeterol (10−7 and 10−6 M) inhibited fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. No effect was observed with cilomilast alone (up to 10−5 M). In the presence of 10−8 M salmeterol, however, cilomilast could significantly inhibit fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (10−7~10−5 M). Blockade of endogenous PGE2 by indomethacin further potentiated the inhibitory effect of salmeterol on fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction, but it did not affect cilomilast's effect. Pretreatment with PGE2 abolished the inhibitory effect of salmeterol, but it potentiated the inhibitory effect of cilomilast on fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Finally, indomethacin slightly inhibited PDE4C expression, while PGE2 stimulated the expression of PDE4A and -4C in human lung fibroblasts. These findings suggest that long-acting β-agonist and PDE4 inhibitor have a synergistic effect in regulating fibroblast tissue repair functions and that PGE2 can modulate the effect of β-agonist and PDE4 inhibitor at least in part through the mechanism of regulating PDE4 expression.
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Ahmedat AS, Warnken M, Seemann WK, Mohr K, Kostenis E, Juergens UR, Racké K. Pro-fibrotic processes in human lung fibroblasts are driven by an autocrine/paracrine endothelinergic system. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:471-87. [PMID: 22935082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Since endothelin (ET) may act as pro-fibrotic mediator, expression and release of ET isoforms, their receptors and potential pro-fibrotic ET effects were studied in human lung fibroblasts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH MRC-5 and primary human lung fibroblasts (phLFb) were cultured. Expression of prepro-ET isoforms was determined by qPCR and release of ET-1 by elisa. ET receptor function was analysed by real-time measurement of dynamic mass redistribution (DMR). Incorporation of [(3) H]-thymidine was determined as measure of proliferation and that of [(3) H]-proline for collagen synthesis. Phospho-p42/44 MAP kinase was determined by Western blot. KEY RESULTS ET-1 is the predominant ET in human lung fibroblasts (hLF), and TGF-β caused a further, selective and sustained up-regulation of ET-1 resulting in increased extracellular ET-1 accumulation. hLFb express mRNA encoding ET-A and ET-B receptors. Expression of both receptors was confirmed at protein level. ET-1 induced marked DMR signals, an effect that involved ET-A and ET-B receptors. Stimulatory effects of ET-1 on hLFb proliferation and collagen synthesis were mediated exclusively via ET-A receptors. ET-1, again via ET-A receptors, induced rapid activation of ERK MAPK, shown to be a crucial cellular signal in ET-1-induced collagen synthesis. ET-1-induced activation of ERK and collagen synthesis was, in contrast to corresponding effect of a muscarinic agonist, largely insensitive to pertussis toxin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS hLFb are endowed with all elements necessary to build a functional autocrine/paracrine endothelinergic system, which appears to drive pro-fibrotic airway and lung remodelling processes, effects for which only ET-A, but not ET-B receptors appear to be of significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Ahmedat
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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27
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A new perspective on muscarinic receptor antagonism in obstructive airways diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:316-23. [PMID: 23643733 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine has traditionally only been regarded as a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, causing bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion in asthma and COPD by muscarinic receptor activation on airway smooth muscle and mucus-producing cells. Recent studies in experimental models indicate that muscarinic receptor stimulation in the airways also induces pro-inflammatory, pro-proliferative and pro-fibrotic effects, which may involve activation of airway structural and inflammatory cells by neuronal as well as non-neuronal acetylcholine. In addition, mechanical changes caused by muscarinic agonist-induced bronchoconstriction may be involved in airway remodeling. Crosstalk between muscarinic receptors and β2-adrenoceptors on airway smooth muscle causes a reduced bronchodilator response to β2-agonists, and a similar mechanism could possibly apply to the poor inhibition of inflammatory and remodeling processes by these drugs. Collectively, these findings provide novel perspectives for muscarinic receptor antagonists in asthma and COPD, since these drugs may not only acutely affect cholinergic airways obstruction, but also have important beneficial effects on β2-agonist responsiveness, airway inflammation and remodeling. The clinical relevance of these findings is presently under investigation and starting to emerge.
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Ayabe S, Kida T, Hori M, Ozaki H, Murata T. Prostaglandin D2 inhibits collagen secretion from lung fibroblasts by activating the DP receptor. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 121:312-7. [PMID: 23538675 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12275fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts are responsible for collagen secretion during normal tissue repair and the development of fibrosis. Many other prostaglandins have been reported to regulate collagen synthesis in lung fibroblasts, but the role of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of PGD2 on type I collagen secretion in human lung fibroblasts. Pretreatment with PGD2 (0.1 - 10 μM, 1 h) significantly attenuated type I collagen secretion to the cell supernatant induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Although an agonist on chemoattractant receptorhomologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) did not have any effect, the prostanoid DP-receptor agonist BW245C (0.01 - 1 μM) suppressed TGF-β-induced collagen secretion. PGD2 and BW245C significantly increased intracellular cAMP level. One-hour pretreatment with forskolin (0.1 - 10 μM), dibutyryl-cAMP (0.01 - 1 mM), and the protein kinase A (PKA)-activator N(6)-phenyl-cyclic AMP (100 μM) significantly reduced TGF-β-induced collagen secretion, while exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) activator 8-bromo-2'-O-methyladenosine-3',5'-cyclic AMP (10 μM) did not affect collagen deposition. These results suggest that PGD2 inhibits TGF-β-induced collagen secretion via intracellular cAMP accumulation through activating DP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ayabe
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Schmidt M, Dekker FJ, Maarsingh H. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (epac): a multidomain cAMP mediator in the regulation of diverse biological functions. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:670-709. [PMID: 23447132 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery nearly 60 years ago, cAMP is envisioned as one of the most universal and versatile second messengers. The tremendous feature of cAMP to tightly control highly diverse physiologic processes, including calcium homeostasis, metabolism, secretion, muscle contraction, cell fate, and gene transcription, is reflected by the award of five Nobel prizes. The discovery of Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) has ignited a new surge of cAMP-related research and has depicted novel cAMP properties independent of protein kinase A and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. The multidomain architecture of Epac determines its activity state and allows cell-type specific protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions that control fine-tuning of pivotal biologic responses through the "old" second messenger cAMP. Compartmentalization of cAMP in space and time, maintained by A-kinase anchoring proteins, phosphodiesterases, and β-arrestins, contributes to the Epac signalosome of small GTPases, phospholipases, mitogen- and lipid-activated kinases, and transcription factors. These novel cAMP sensors seem to implement certain unexpected signaling properties of cAMP and thereby to permit delicate adaptations of biologic responses. Agonists and antagonists selective for Epac are developed and will support further studies on the biologic net outcome of the activation of Epac. This will increase our current knowledge on the pathophysiology of devastating diseases, such as diabetes, cognitive impairment, renal and heart failure, (pulmonary) hypertension, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Further insights into the cAMP dynamics executed by the Epac signalosome will help to optimize the pharmacological treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Oldenburger A, Maarsingh H, Schmidt M. Multiple facets of cAMP signalling and physiological impact: cAMP compartmentalization in the lung. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:1291-331. [PMID: 24281338 PMCID: PMC3816672 DOI: 10.3390/ph5121291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies involving elevation of the endogenous suppressor cyclic AMP (cAMP) are currently used in the treatment of several chronic inflammatory disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Characteristics of COPD are airway obstruction, airway inflammation and airway remodelling, processes encompassed by increased airway smooth muscle mass, epithelial changes, goblet cell and submucosal gland hyperplasia. In addition to inflammatory cells, airway smooth muscle cells and (myo)fibroblasts, epithelial cells underpin a variety of key responses in the airways such as inflammatory cytokine release, airway remodelling, mucus hypersecretion and airway barrier function. Cigarette smoke, being next to environmental pollution the main cause of COPD, is believed to cause epithelial hyperpermeability by disrupting the barrier function. Here we will focus on the most recent progress on compartmentalized signalling by cAMP. In addition to G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases, cAMP-specific phospho-diesterases (PDEs) maintain compartmentalized cAMP signalling. Intriguingly, spatially discrete cAMP-sensing signalling complexes seem also to involve distinct members of the A-kinase anchoring (AKAP) superfamily and IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein (IQGAPs). In this review, we will highlight the interaction between cAMP and the epithelial barrier to retain proper lung function and to alleviate COPD symptoms and focus on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in this process. Future studies should include the development of cAMP-sensing multiprotein complex specific disruptors and/or stabilizers to orchestrate cellular functions. Compartmentalized cAMP signalling regulates important cellular processes in the lung and may serve as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Oldenburger
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Dekkers BGJ, Racké K, Schmidt M. Distinct PKA and Epac compartmentalization in airway function and plasticity. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 137:248-65. [PMID: 23089371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are obstructive lung diseases characterized by airway obstruction, airway inflammation and airway remodelling. Next to inflammatory cells and airway epithelial cells, airway mesenchymal cells, including airway smooth muscle cells and (myo)fibroblasts, substantially contribute to disease features by the release of inflammatory mediators, smooth muscle contraction, extracellular matrix deposition and structural changes in the airways. Current pharmacological treatment of both diseases intends to target the dynamic features of the endogenous intracellular suppressor cyclic AMP (cAMP). This review will summarize our current knowledge on cAMP and will emphasize on key discoveries and paradigm shifts reflecting the complex spatio-temporal nature of compartmentalized cAMP signalling networks in health and disease. As airway fibroblasts and airway smooth muscle cells are recognized as central players in the development and progression of asthma and COPD, we will focus on the role of cAMP signalling in their function in relation to airway function and plasticity. We will recapture on the recent identification of cAMP-sensing multi-protein complexes maintained by cAMP effectors, including A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), proteins kinase A (PKA), exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), cAMP-elevating seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and we will report on findings indicating that the pertubation of compartmentalized cAMP signalling correlates with the pathopysiology of obstructive lung diseases. Future challenges include studies on cAMP dynamics and compartmentalization in the lung and the development of novel drugs targeting these systems for therapeutic interventions in chronic obstructive inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart G J Dekkers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Center of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Racké K, Juergens LJ, Schütz I, Kämpfer N, Fuhrmann M, Warnken M. Endothelin-1 enhances β2-adrenoceptor gene transcription in human lung fibroblasts. Life Sci 2012; 91:540-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ahmedat AS, Warnken M, Juergens UR, Paul Pieper M, Racké K. β2-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors mediate opposing effects on endothelin-1 expression in human lung fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Papakonstantinou E, Klagas I, Karakiulakis G, Hostettler K, S'ng CT, Kotoula V, Savic S, Tamm M, Roth M. Steroids and β2-agonists regulate hyaluronan metabolism in asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:759-67. [PMID: 22865625 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0101oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), especially hyaluronic acid (HA), regulate tissue flexibility, cell motility, and inflammation. Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) of patients with asthma exhibit abnormal HA metabolism, which contributes to inflammation and remodeling. Here, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids and long-acting β(2)-agonists (LABAs) on GAG synthesis and HA metabolism by human primary ASMCs. ASMCs were isolated from airway specimens of 10 patients without asthma and 11 patients with asthma. ASMCs were incubated with glucocorticoids, LABAs, or their combination, as well as with their specific receptor antagonists. Secreted and deposited total GAGs were measured by [(3)H]-glucosamine incorporation. The expression of specific GAGs was determined by ELISA and electrophoresis. The expression of HA synthases (HAS), of hyaluronidases (HYALs), and of the HA receptor CD44 was determined by RT-PCR, immunoblotting in cell cultures, and immunohistochemistry in tissue sections of asthmatic lungs. In serum-activated asthmatic ASMCs, glucocorticoids and LABAs significantly inhibited the increased secretion and deposition of total GAGs, but they stimulated secreted and deposited HA of high molecular mass. This effect was attributed to increased mRNA and protein expression of HAS-1 and to the reduced expression of HYAL-1. Furthermore, drug treatment stimulated the expression of CD44 receptors in asthmatic ASMCs. These effects of the drugs were eliminated by their respective receptor inhibitors. Our findings indicate that the combination of glucocorticoids with LABAs counteracts the pathologic degradation of HA, and thereby may reduce the proinflammatory potential of asthmatic ASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Schmidt M, Michel MC. How can 1 + 1 = 3? β2-adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptor agonist synergism in obstructive airway diseases. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 80:955-8. [PMID: 21914841 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.075481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time it was believed that β(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists used in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases worked primarily on airway smooth muscle cells, causing relaxation, whereas glucocorticoids primarily improved airway function via their anti-inflammatory action, indicating that their clinical synergism occurred at the organism rather than the cellular level. However, it is now becoming clear that both drug classes can affect airway function at multiple levels, including an integrated effect on several cell types. This article summarizes data on the molecular interaction between the two receptor systems, particularly with relevance to phenomena of β(2)-adrenergic receptor desensitization and glucocorticoid insensitivity in the airways. These molecular interactions may contribute to the observed clinical synergism between both drug classes in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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