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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complicated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Cardiol 2021; 2021:6633085. [PMID: 33936818 PMCID: PMC8055423 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 32-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for more than 7 years, and long-term treatment with cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, methotrexate, and tacrolimus, later found to be combined with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) for one year. The patient denied a family history of cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Echocardiography suggested that uneven thickening of the left ventricle (LV), mainly in the lower middle segment. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed that the walls of the left ventricular (LV) were significantly thickened, as about 21 mm, mainly in the middle and lower segments. Genetic tests showed no known or suspected pathogenic variations were found and no significant enhancement in CMR, so secondary HCM was diagnosed clinically. After symptomatic treatment, the patient was discharged, and long-term follow-up was conducted. The diagnosis of HCM, which combined with SLE or second to usage of tacrolimus, was based on symptoms, echocardiography, and CMR; no endomyocardial biopsies were performed.
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Kistamás K, Veress R, Horváth B, Bányász T, Nánási PP, Eisner DA. Calcium Handling Defects and Cardiac Arrhythmia Syndromes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 32161540 PMCID: PMC7052815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a major role in the cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration increases during systole and falls in diastole thereby determining cardiac contraction and relaxation. Normal cardiac function also requires perfect organization of the ion currents at the cellular level to drive action potentials and to maintain action potential propagation and electrical homogeneity at the tissue level. Any imbalance in Ca2+ homeostasis of a cardiac myocyte can lead to electrical disturbances. This review aims to discuss cardiac physiology and pathophysiology from the elementary membrane processes that can cause the electrical instability of the ventricular myocytes through intracellular Ca2+ handling maladies to inherited and acquired arrhythmias. Finally, the paper will discuss the current therapeutic approaches targeting cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Kistamás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Veress
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bányász
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter P Nánási
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Dental Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - David A Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Horváth B, Szentandrássy N, Veress R, Almássy J, Magyar J, Bányász T, Tóth A, Papp Z, Nánási PP. Frequency-dependent effects of omecamtiv mecarbil on cell shortening of isolated canine ventricular cardiomyocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1239-1246. [PMID: 28940010 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a myosin activator agent developed for the treatment of heart failure. OM was reported to increase left ventricular ejection fraction and systolic ejection time, but little is known about the effect of heart rate on the action of OM. The present study, therefore, was designed to investigate the effects of OM on unloaded cell shortening and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) transients as a function of the pacing frequency. Isolated cardiomyocytes were stimulated at various frequencies under steady-state conditions. Cell length was monitored by an optical edge detector and changes in [Ca2+]i were followed using the Ca2+-sensitive dye Fura-2. At the pacing frequency of 1 Hz, OM (1-10 μM) significantly decreased both diastolic and systolic cell length, however, fractional shortening was augmented only by 1 μM OM. Time to peak tension and time of 90% relaxation were progressively increased by OM. At the frequency of 2 Hz, diastolic cell length was reduced by 10 μM OM to a larger extent than systolic cell length, resulting in a significantly decreased fractional shortening under these conditions. OM had no effect on the parameters of the [Ca2+]i transient at any pacing frequency. The results suggest that supratherapeutic concentrations of OM may decrease rather than increase the force of cardiac contraction especially in tachycardic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Szentandrássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary.,Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Roland Veress
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - János Magyar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary.,Division of Sport Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bányász
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter P Nánási
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary. .,Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Ruzsnavszky F, Hegyi B, Kistamás K, Váczi K, Horváth B, Szentandrássy N, Bányász T, Nánási PP, Magyar J. Asynchronous activation of calcium and potassium currents by isoproterenol in canine ventricular myocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:457-67. [PMID: 24566722 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adrenergic activation of L-type Ca(2+) and various K(+) currents is a crucial mechanism of cardiac adaptation; however, it may carry a substantial proarrhythmic risk as well. The aim of the present work was to study the timing of activation of Ca(2+) and K(+) currents in isolated canine ventricular cells in response to exposure to isoproterenol (ISO). Whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique in either conventional voltage clamp or action potential voltage clamp modes were used to monitor I(Ca), I(Ks), and I(Kr), while action potentials were recorded using sharp microelectrodes. ISO (10 nM) elevated the plateau potential and shortened action potential duration (APD) in subepicardial and mid-myocardial cells, which effects were associated with multifold enhancement of I(Ca) and I(Ks) and moderate stimulation of I(Kr). The ISO-induced plateau shift and I(Ca) increase developed faster than the shortening of APD and stimulation of I(Ks) and I(Kr). Blockade of β1-adrenoceptors (using 300 nM CGP-20712A) converted the ISO-induced shortening of APD to lengthening, decreased its latency, and reduced the plateau shift. In contrast, blockade of β2-adrenoceptors (by 50 nM ICI 118,551) augmented the APD-shortening effect and increased the latency of plateau shift without altering its magnitude. All effects of ISO were prevented by simultaneous blockade of both receptor types. Inhibition of phosphodiesterases decreased the differences observed in the turn on of the ISO-induced plateau shift and APD shortening. ISO-induced activation of I(Ca) is turned on faster than the stimulation of I(Ks) and I(Kr) in canine ventricular cells due to the involvement of different adrenergic pathways and compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Ruzsnavszky
- Department of Physiology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, 4012, Hungary
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