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Mattioli R, Ilari A, Colotti B, Mosca L, Fazi F, Colotti G. Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines in cancers: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101205. [PMID: 37515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines have been important and effective treatments against a number of cancers since their discovery. However, their use in therapy has been complicated by severe side effects and toxicity that occur during or after treatment, including cardiotoxicity. The mode of action of anthracyclines is complex, with several mechanisms proposed. It is possible that their high toxicity is due to the large set of processes involved in anthracycline action. The development of resistance is a major barrier to successful treatment when using anthracyclines. This resistance is based on a series of mechanisms that have been studied and addressed in recent years. This work provides an overview of the anthracyclines used in cancer therapy. It discusses their mechanisms of activity, toxicity, and chemoresistance, as well as the approaches used to improve their activity, decrease their toxicity, and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Ranote S, Musioł M, Kowalczuk M, Joshi V, Chauhan GS, Kumar R, Chauhan S, Kumar K. Functionalized Moringa oleifera Gum as pH-Responsive Nanogel for Doxorubicin Delivery: Synthesis, Kinetic Modelling and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214697. [PMID: 36365689 PMCID: PMC9658875 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Environment-responsive-cum-site-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs into tumor cells is a foremost challenge for chemotherapy. In the present work, Moringa oleifera gum-based pH-responsive nanogel (MOGN) was functionalized as a doxorubicin (DOX) carrier. It was synthesized via free radical polymerization through the γ-irradiation method using acrylamide and N,N'-MBA followed by hydrolysis, sonication, and ultracentrifugation. The swelling behavior of MOGN as a function of pH was assessed using a gravimetric method that revealed its superabsorbent nature (365.0 g/g). Furthermore, MOGN showed a very high loading efficiency (98.35 %L) of DOX by MOGN. In vitro release studies revealed that DOX release from DOX-loaded MOGN was 91.92% at pH 5.5 and 12.18% at 7.4 pH, thus favorable to the tumor environment. The drug release from nanogel followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model at pH 5.5 and 6.8 and the Higuchi model at pH 7.4. Later, the efficient DOX release at the tumor site was also investigated by cytotoxicity study using Rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Thus, the synthesized nanogel having high drug loading capacity and excellent pH-triggered disintegration and DOX release performance in a simulated tumor environment could be a promising candidate drug delivery system for the targeted and controlled release of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Ranote
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, SRT Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Srinagar 249199, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-734-801-150 (S.R.)
| | - Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-734-801-150 (S.R.)
| | - Veena Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, SRT Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Srinagar 249199, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ghanshyam S. Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
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3
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A Liposomal Formulation of Simvastatin and Doxorubicin for Improved Cardioprotective and Anti-Cancer Effect. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Zhang R, Zhu J, Sun D, Li J, Yao L, Meng S, Li Y, Dang Y, Wang K. The Mechanism of Dynamic Interaction between Doxorubicin and Calf Thymus DNA at the Single-Molecule Level Based on Confocal Raman Spectroscopy. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13060940. [PMID: 35744554 PMCID: PMC9228395 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is of great fundamental significance and practical application to understand the binding sites and dynamic process of the interaction between doxorubicin (DOX) and DNA molecules. Based on the Confocal Raman spectroscopy, the interaction between DOX and calf thymus DNA has been systemically investigated, and some meaningful findings have been found. DOX molecules can not only interact with all four bases of DNA molecules, i.e., adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and phosphate, but also affect the DNA conformation. Meanwhile, the binding site of DOX and its derivatives such as daunorubicin and epirubicin is certain. Furthermore, the interaction between DOX and DNA molecules is a dynamic process since the intensities of each characteristic peaks of the base, e.g., adenine, cytosine, and phosphate, are all regularly changed with the interaction time. Finally, a dynamic mechanism model of the interaction between DOX and DNA molecules is proposed; that is, there are two kinds of interaction between DOX and DNA molecules: DOX-DNA acts to form a complex, and DOX-DOX acts to form a multimer. The two effects are competitive, as the former compresses DNA molecules, and the latter decompresses these DNA molecules. This work is helpful for accurately understanding and developing new drugs and pathways to improve and treat DOX-induced cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.S.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (S.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.S.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (S.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.S.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (S.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.S.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (S.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Lina Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.S.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (S.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shuangshuang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.S.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (S.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yan Li
- School of Science, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Yang Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.S.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (S.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Kaige Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials; National Center for International Research of Photoelectric Technology & Nano-Functional Materials and Application; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology; Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (D.S.); (J.L.); (L.Y.); (S.M.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Dalin S, Grauman-Boss B, Lauffenburger DA, Hemann MT. Collateral responses to classical cytotoxic chemotherapies are heterogeneous and sensitivities are sparse. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5453. [PMID: 35361803 PMCID: PMC8971507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is a major obstacle to curing cancer patients. Combination drug regimens have shown promise as a method to overcome resistance; however, to date only some cancers have been cured with this method. Collateral sensitivity-the phenomenon whereby resistance to one drug is co-occurrent with sensitivity to a second drug-has been gaining traction as a promising new concept to guide rational design of combination regimens. Here we evolved over 100 subclones of the Eµ-Myc; p19ARF-/- cell line to be resistant to one of four classical chemotherapy agents: doxorubicin, vincristine, paclitaxel, and cisplatin. We then surveyed collateral responses to acquisition of resistance to these agents. Although numerous collateral sensitivities have been documented for antibiotics and targeted cancer therapies, we observed only one collateral sensitivity: half of cell lines that acquired resistance to paclitaxel also acquired a collateral sensitivity to verapamil. However, we found that the mechanism of this collateral sensitivity was unrelated to the mechanism of paclitaxel resistance. Interestingly, we observed heterogeneity in the phenotypic response to acquisition of resistance to most of the drugs we tested, most notably for paclitaxel, suggesting the existence of multiple different states of resistance. Surprisingly, this phenotypic heterogeneity in paclitaxel resistant cell lines was unrelated to transcriptomic heterogeneity among those cell lines. These features of phenotypic and transcriptomic heterogeneity must be taken into account in future studies of treated tumor subclones and in design of chemotherapy combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Dalin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beatrice Grauman-Boss
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room: 16-343, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Michael T Hemann
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Yulian ED, Siregar NC, Bajuadji. Combination of Simvastatin and FAC Improves Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced Local Breast Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 53:1072-1083. [PMID: 33705623 PMCID: PMC8524017 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is limited due to drug resistance and cardiotoxic effects. Preclinical studies have shown that statin induces apoptosis and decreases breast cancer cell growth. This study aims to evaluate the role of statin in combination with fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) therapy in LABC patients. Materials and Methods We undertook a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in two centers of Indonesia. Patients were randomly assigned to FAC plus simvastatin (40 mg/day orally) or FAC plus placebo (40 mg/day) for 21 days. The FAC regimen was repeated every 3 weeks. We evaluated the clinical response, pathological response, and toxicities. Results The objective response rate (ORR) for FAC plus simvastatin was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.67) by per-protocol analysis. No complete responses (CR) were recorded, but there were 48 partial responses. No significant difference was observed between the two groups with the ORR (p=0.103). The pathological CR rate was 6.25% (2 in simvastatin group and 1 in placebo group). Adverse events in both arms were generally mild, mainly consisted of myotoxicity. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression was a factor related to the success of therapeutic response (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.121 to 15.731; p=0.033). Conclusion This study suggests that simvastatin combined with FAC shows improvements in ORR and pathological response in patients with LABC. Although no statistically significant difference was documented, there was a trend for better activity and tolerability. The addition of 40 mg simvastatin may improve the efficacy of FAC in LABC patients with HER2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Danil Yulian
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurjati Chairani Siregar
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bajuadji
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Koja General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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7
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Roychoudhury S, Kumar A, Bhatkar D, Sharma NK. Molecular avenues in targeted doxorubicin cancer therapy. Future Oncol 2020; 16:687-700. [PMID: 32253930 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent, intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity is seen as one of key factors behind success and failure of chemotherapy. Incessant use of doxorubicin (DOX) drug is associated with numerous post-treatment debacles including cardiomyopathy, health disorders, reversal of tumor and formation of secondary tumors. The module of cancer treatment has undergone evolutionary changes by achieving crucial understanding on molecular, genetic, epigenetic and environmental adaptations by cancer cells. Therefore, there is a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutic by employing amalgam of peptide mimetic, small RNA mimetic, DNA repair protein inhibitors, signaling inhibitors and epigenetic modulators to achieve targeted and personalized DOX therapy. This review summarizes on recent therapeutic avenues that can potentiate DOX effects by removing discernible pitfalls among cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Roychoudhury
- Cancer & Translational Lab, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Cancer & Translational Lab, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Devyani Bhatkar
- Cancer & Translational Lab, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer & Translational Lab, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Wang J, Sang W, Yang Z, Shen Z, Wang Z, Jacobson O, Chen Y, Wang Y, Shao M, Niu G, Dai Y, Chen X. Polyphenol-based nanoplatform for MRI/PET dual-modality imaging guided effective combination chemotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5688-5694. [PMID: 31475276 PMCID: PMC6760993 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01597c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy with multiple chemotherapeutic agents is the main approach for cancer treatment in the clinic. Polyphenol-based materials are found in our diet, demonstrate good biocompatibility, and prevent numerous diseases. In this study, we encapsulate two drugs in a single polyphenol-based polymer with Fe3+ or Mn2+ ions as the cross-linker for cancer therapy. The combination index of two drugs is an essential parameter to evaluate drug combinations. The amphiphilic polymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polydopamine (PEG-PDA) was prepared by RAFT polymerization. The nanoparticles were prepared via self-assembly with Fe3+ or Mn2+ ions. Both doxorubicin (DOX) and simvastatin (SV) were encapsulated in the core of the nanoparticles. The cell viability and combination index were evaluated in vitro. The tumor accumulation of the nanoparticles was investigated by positron-emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The as-prepared nanoparticles exhibited high drug loading capacity. The drug loaded nanoparticles could kill cancer cells effectively with a combination index <1. Both PET and MRI revealed that the nanoparticles showed long blood circulation time and high tumor accumulation. The nanoparticles could inhibit tumor inhibition via intravenous injection of nanoparticles. The polyphenol-based nanoplatform may serve as a promising theranostic candidate for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China and Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Wei Sang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China. and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingyan Shao
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China. and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Syam Das S, Nair SS, Indira M. Atorvastatin modulates drug transporters and ameliorates nicotine-induced testicular toxicity. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13029. [PMID: 29740849 DOI: 10.1111/and.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the changes in mRNA expressions of influx and efflux transporters, blood-testis-barrier proteins (BTB) and key apoptotic genes in the testis of rats coadministered with nicotine and atorvastatin. Rats were divided into four groups: (i) control, (ii) atorvastatin (10 mg/kg b.wt), (iii) nicotine (0.6 mg/kg b.wt) and (iv) atorvastatin (10 mg/kg b.wt) + nicotine (0.6 mg/kg b.wt). Atorvastatin was given by oral intubation and nicotine by intraperitoneal injection. After 60 days of treatment, expressions of key apoptotic genes involved in both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways; solute carrier influx transporters SLCOB1, SLC22A1 and efflux transporter ABCB1 associated with transport of atorvastatin and nicotine, and proteins of BTB were assayed. Nicotine administration activated apoptosis and downregulated SLCOB1, which transport atorvastatin. Atorvastatin administration suppressed apoptotic pathway and downregulated SLC22A1, transporter of nicotine. Coadministration of atorvastatin with nicotine downregulated expressions of apoptotic genes. The combined administration of atorvastatin and nicotine reduced the influx of both atorvastatin and nicotine and enhanced the efflux of these drugs thereby altering the microenvironment of testis and improving testicular function. We conclude that atorvastatin-mediated alterations of BTB and drug transporters might have played a significant role in ameliorating nicotine-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Syam Das
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - S S Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - M Indira
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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10
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Tocilizumab unmasks a stage-dependent interleukin-6 component in statin-induced apoptosis of metastatic melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2016; 25:284-94. [PMID: 26020489 PMCID: PMC4492793 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-6 inhibits the growth of early-stage melanoma cells, but not metastatic cells. Metastatic melanoma cells are susceptible to statin-induced apoptosis, but this is not clear for early-stage melanoma cells. This study aimed to investigate the IL-6 susceptibility of melanoma cells from different stages in the presence of simvastatin to overcome loss of growth arrest. ELISA was used to detect secreted IL-6 in human melanoma cells. The effects of IL-6 were measured by western blots for STAT3 and Bcl-2 family proteins. Apoptosis and proliferation were measured by caspase 3 activity, Annexin V staining, cell cycle analysis, and a wound-healing assay. Human metastatic melanoma cells A375 and 518A2 secrete high amounts of IL-6, in contrast to early-stage WM35 cells. Canonical IL-6 signaling is intact in these cells, documented by transient phosphorylation of STAT3. Although WM35 cells are highly resistant to simvastatin-induced apoptosis, coadministration with IL-6 enhanced the susceptibility to undergo apoptosis. This proapoptotic effect of IL-6 might be explained by a downregulation of Bcl-XL, observed only in WM35 cells. Furthermore, the IL-6 receptor blocking antibody tocilizumab was coadministered and unmasked an IL-6-sensitive proportion in the simvastatin-induced caspase 3 activity of metastatic melanoma cells. These results confirm that simvastatin facilitates apoptosis in combination with IL-6. Although endogenous IL-6 secretion is sufficient in metastatic melanoma cells, exogenously added IL-6 is needed for WM35 cells. This effect may explain the failure of simvastatin to reduce melanoma incidence in clinical trials and meta-analyses.
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11
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Atil B, Berger-Sieczkowski E, Bardy J, Werner M, Hohenegger M. In vitro and in vivo downregulation of the ATP binding cassette transporter B1 by the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:17-32. [PMID: 26319048 PMCID: PMC4700083 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extrusion of chemotherapeutics by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters like ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) represents a crucial mechanism of multidrug resistance in cancer therapy. We have previously shown that the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor simvastatin directly inhibits ABCB1, alters the glycosylation of the transporter, and enhances the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin with subsequent anti-cancer action. Here, we show that simvastatin reduces endogenous dolichol levels and ABCB1 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Coapplication with dolichol prevents the downregulation of the ABCB1 transporter. Importantly, dolichol also attenuated simvastatin-induced apoptosis, unmasking involvement of unfolded protein response. Direct monitoring of the fluorescent fusion protein YFP-ABCB1 further confirms concentration-dependent reduction of ABCB1 in HEK293 cells by simvastatin. In simvastatin-treated murine xenografts, ABCB1 was also reduced in the liver and rhabdomyosarcoma but did not reach significance in neuroblastoma. Nevertheless, the in vivo anti-cancer effects of simvastatin are corroborated by increased apoptosis in tumor tissues. These findings provide experimental evidence for usage of simvastatin in novel chemotherapeutic regimens and link dolichol depletion to simvastatin-induced anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihter Atil
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johanna Bardy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hanuschkrankenhaus, Heinrich-Collin-Strasse 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hanuschkrankenhaus, Heinrich-Collin-Strasse 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Hohenegger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Liu C, Luo Q, Tu Y, Wang G, Liu Y, Xie Y. Drug-carrier interaction analysis in the cell penetrating peptide-modified liposomes for doxorubicin loading. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:745-54. [PMID: 26299658 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1073390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as an antitumor model drug in liposomes because of its high encapsulation efficiency. The cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) has potential applications in drug delivery systems. However, we discovered that the encapsulation efficiency of DOX decreased with increasing modification density of CPP on liposomes. To explore the interaction mechanisms of CPP-modified liposomes (CPPL) for DOX loading, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were utilised, and theoretical calculations based on molecular dynamics simulation were performed. Results showed that the monomeric intermolecular interaction between CPP and DOX, in which the guanidinium group of CPP was parallel to the planar aromatic chromophore of DOX, depending on the cation-pi interaction and hydrogen bonds, weakened the tendency of DOX transporting into the internal medium from the liposomal external medium. Analysis of the interaction between CPP and DOX at the molecular level provided theoretical guidance for the further development of CPPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China and
| | - Qi Luo
- b Soft Matter Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - YingFeng Tu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China and
| | - GuiLing Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China and
| | - YingChun Liu
- b Soft Matter Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xie
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China and
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BAOLERI XILIN, DONG CHAO, ZHOU YANG, ZHANG ZHAOJUN, LU XUELIANG, XIE PENGMING, LI YONGQI. Combination of L-gossypol and low-concentration doxorubicin induces apoptosis in human synovial sarcoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5924-32. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Greife A, Tukova J, Steinhoff C, Scott SD, Schulz WA, Hatina J. Establishment and characterization of a bladder cancer cell line with enhanced doxorubicin resistance by mevalonate pathway activation. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3293-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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15
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Künzl M, Wasinger C, Hohenegger M. Statins role in cancer prevention and development-recent meta-analyses. World J Pharmacol 2013; 2:100-106. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v2.i4.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic indications of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) include hypercholesterolaemia and the prevention of cardiovascular events. Statins are well tolerated and beyond their unambiguous positive cardiovascular effects there are a steadily increasing number of pleiotropic actions emerging. In this regard, growth inhibition, apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions have been attributed to statins. The anti-proliferative effects have been the basis for massive preclinical investigations to elucidate a functional role for statins in carcinogenesis and tumor cell growth. However, preclinical and clinical studies are conflicting, although there is accumulating evidence that statins are capable to suppress and decrease the incidence and recurrence of some human cancers. Given the fact that statins are well tolerated they might also have some impact in combinations with conventional and targeted chemotherapy. While synergism has been shown for many combinations in vitro this does not hold true yet in the clinics. Here we review the rational behind usage of statins in oncological settings. Positive effects have been observed in patients with melanoma and cancers from the breast, colon, prostate, lung, liver and hematologic tissues. However, substantial evidence from clinical studies is still weak and confounded by several factors, which are inherent in the study design. The majority of the studies are observational or of retrospective nature. Definitely, there is substantial need for larger, prospective randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Finally, we conclude that statins at the current status of evidence should not be recommended in the prevention or during progression of any cancers, however, individual statins may have beneficial effects in specific tumor subgroups.
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