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5-HT Receptors and the Development of New Antidepressants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169015. [PMID: 34445721 PMCID: PMC8396477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin modulates several physiological and cognitive pathways throughout the human body that affect emotions, memory, sleep, and thermal regulation. The complex nature of the serotonergic system and interactions with other neurochemical systems indicate that the development of depression may be mediated by various pathomechanisms, the common denominator of which is undoubtedly the disturbed transmission in central 5-HT synapses. Therefore, the deliberate pharmacological modulation of serotonergic transmission in the brain seems to be one of the most appropriate strategies for the search for new antidepressants. As discussed in this review, the serotonergic system offers great potential for the development of new antidepressant therapies based on the combination of SERT inhibition with different pharmacological activity towards the 5-HT system. The aim of this article is to summarize the search for new antidepressants in recent years, focusing primarily on the possibility of benefiting from interactions with various 5-HT receptors in the pharmacotherapy of depression.
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Oliver BL, Pahua AE, Hitchcock K, Amodeo DA. Serotonin 6 receptor modulation reduces locomotor activity in C57BL/6J mice. Brain Res 2021; 1757:147313. [PMID: 33548271 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6) is a more recently identified therapeutic target for several neuropsychiatric disorders. While the 5-HT6 receptor has gained interest as a target for novel therapeutics, determining the basic sex differences is lacking in the literature. To address this, the present study examined the effects of 5-HT6 receptor modulation on locomotor activity and open field measures of anxiety in C57BL/6J mice. Female and male mice were tested after acute treatment with either 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB 271046 or 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD 386088. Acute 5-HT6 receptor blockade with SB 271046 attenuated locomotor activity in C57BL6/J mice, irrespective of sex. When locomotor activity was analyzed for six 10 min time blocks, 0.1, 5, or 15 mg/kg of SB 271046 reduced locomotor activity for the initial 40 min of testing, but only 5 and 15 mg/kg SB 271046 exhibited a reduction in locomotor activity for at least 60 min. EMD 386088 only attenuated locomotor activity when mice were treated with the high dose of 15 mg/kg EMD 386088. This was true for all time blocks except for the 40-50 min time block. In addition, EMD 386088 at the 15 mg/kg dose reduced locomotor activity in female mice more than males during the 20-30 and 30-40 minute time blocks. Analysis of the anxiolytic properties of 5-HT6 receptor modulation via the open field, showed that SB 271046 did not demonstrate anxiogenic properties in either sex at the doses tested. Instead, 15 mg/kg EMD 386088 produced an anxiogenic effect in both female and male mice. Together these findings highlight the differing impact of specific 5-HT6 receptor modulation on locomotor activity in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Oliver
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA
| | - Alma E Pahua
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA
| | - Kristianna Hitchcock
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA
| | - Dionisio A Amodeo
- California State University San Bernardino, Department of Psychology, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA.
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Villas-Boas GR, Lavorato SN, Paes MM, de Carvalho PMG, Rescia VC, Cunha MS, de Magalhães-Filho MF, Ponsoni LF, de Carvalho AAV, de Lacerda RB, da S. Leite L, da S. Tavares-Henriques M, Lopes LAF, Oliveira LGR, Silva-Filho SE, da Silveira APS, Cuman RKN, de S. Silva-Comar FM, Comar JF, do A. Brasileiro L, dos Santos JN, de Freitas WR, Leão KV, da Silva JG, Klein RC, Klein MHF, da S. Ramos BH, Fernandes CKC, de L. Ribas DG, Oesterreich SA. Modulation of the Serotonergic Receptosome in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression: A Narrative Review of the Experimental Evidence. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020148. [PMID: 33673205 PMCID: PMC7918669 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) receptors are found throughout central and peripheral nervous systems, mainly in brain regions involved in the neurobiology of anxiety and depression. 5-HT receptors are currently promising targets for discovering new drugs for treating disorders ranging from migraine to neuropsychiatric upsets, such as anxiety and depression. It is well described in the current literature that the brain expresses seven types of 5-HT receptors comprising eighteen distinct subtypes. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed 5-HT1-7 receptors. Of the eighteen 5-HT receptors known today, thirteen are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and represent targets for approximately 40% of drugs used in humans. Signaling pathways related to these receptors play a crucial role in neurodevelopment and can be modulated to develop effective therapies to treat anxiety and depression. This review presents the experimental evidence of the modulation of the “serotonergic receptosome” in the treatment of anxiety and depression, as well as demonstrating state-of-the-art research related to phytochemicals and these disorders. In addition, detailed aspects of the pharmacological mechanism of action of all currently known 5-HT receptor families were reviewed. From this review, it will be possible to direct the rational design of drugs towards new therapies that involve signaling via 5-HT receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R. Villas-Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P & DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (S.N.L.); (M.M.P.); (P.M.G.d.C.); (V.C.R.); (M.S.C.); (M.F.d.M.-F.); (L.F.P.); (A.A.V.d.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(77)-3614-3152
| | - Stefânia N. Lavorato
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P & DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (S.N.L.); (M.M.P.); (P.M.G.d.C.); (V.C.R.); (M.S.C.); (M.F.d.M.-F.); (L.F.P.); (A.A.V.d.C.)
| | - Marina M. Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P & DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (S.N.L.); (M.M.P.); (P.M.G.d.C.); (V.C.R.); (M.S.C.); (M.F.d.M.-F.); (L.F.P.); (A.A.V.d.C.)
| | - Pablinny M. G. de Carvalho
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P & DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (S.N.L.); (M.M.P.); (P.M.G.d.C.); (V.C.R.); (M.S.C.); (M.F.d.M.-F.); (L.F.P.); (A.A.V.d.C.)
| | - Vanessa C. Rescia
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P & DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (S.N.L.); (M.M.P.); (P.M.G.d.C.); (V.C.R.); (M.S.C.); (M.F.d.M.-F.); (L.F.P.); (A.A.V.d.C.)
| | - Mila S. Cunha
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P & DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (S.N.L.); (M.M.P.); (P.M.G.d.C.); (V.C.R.); (M.S.C.); (M.F.d.M.-F.); (L.F.P.); (A.A.V.d.C.)
| | - Manoel F. de Magalhães-Filho
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P & DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (S.N.L.); (M.M.P.); (P.M.G.d.C.); (V.C.R.); (M.S.C.); (M.F.d.M.-F.); (L.F.P.); (A.A.V.d.C.)
| | - Luis F. Ponsoni
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P & DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (S.N.L.); (M.M.P.); (P.M.G.d.C.); (V.C.R.); (M.S.C.); (M.F.d.M.-F.); (L.F.P.); (A.A.V.d.C.)
| | - Adryano Augustto Valladao de Carvalho
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P & DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (S.N.L.); (M.M.P.); (P.M.G.d.C.); (V.C.R.); (M.S.C.); (M.F.d.M.-F.); (L.F.P.); (A.A.V.d.C.)
| | - Roseli B. de Lacerda
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Jardim das Américas, Caixa. postal 19031, Curitiba CEP 81531-990, PR, Brazil;
| | - Lais da S. Leite
- Collegiate Biomedicine, SulAmérica College, Rua Gláuber Rocha, 66, Jardim Paraíso, Luís Eduardo Magalhães CEP 47850-000, BA, Brazil;
| | - Matheus da S. Tavares-Henriques
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Toxins (LabTox), Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry (PPGFQM), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) Federal Universityof Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-590, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Luiz A. F. Lopes
- Teaching and Research Manager at the University Hospital—Federal University of Grande Dourados (HU/EBSERH-UFGD), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rua Ivo Alves da Rocha, 558, Altos do Indaiá, Dourados CEP 79823-501, MS, Brazil;
| | - Luiz G. R. Oliveira
- Nucleus of Studies on Infectious Agents and Vectors (Naive), Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil;
| | - Saulo E. Silva-Filho
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition College, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Avenida Costa e Silva, s/n°, Bairro Universitário, Campo Grande CEP 79070-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Ana P. S. da Silveira
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Unigran Capital University Center, RuaBalbina de Matos, 2121, Jarddim Universitário, Dourados CEP 79.824-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Roberto K. N. Cuman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, n° 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.K.N.C.); (F.M.d.S.S.-C.)
| | - Francielli M. de S. Silva-Comar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, n° 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.K.N.C.); (F.M.d.S.S.-C.)
| | - Jurandir F. Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, State Universityof Maringá, Avenida Colombo, n° 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá CEP 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Luana do A. Brasileiro
- Nacional Cancer Institute (INCA), Rua Visconde de Santa Isabel, 274, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20560-121, RJ, Brazil;
| | | | - William R. de Freitas
- Research Group on Biodiversity and Health (BIOSA), Center for Training in Health Sciences, Federal University of Southern Bahia, Praça Joana Angélica, 58, São José, Teixeira de Freitas CEP 45988-058, BA, Brazil;
| | - Katyuscya V. Leão
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (K.V.L.); (J.G.d.S.); (R.C.K.); (M.H.F.K.)
| | - Jonatas G. da Silva
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (K.V.L.); (J.G.d.S.); (R.C.K.); (M.H.F.K.)
| | - Raphael C. Klein
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (K.V.L.); (J.G.d.S.); (R.C.K.); (M.H.F.K.)
| | - Mary H. F. Klein
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, Barreiras CEP 47810-059, BA, Brazil; (K.V.L.); (J.G.d.S.); (R.C.K.); (M.H.F.K.)
| | - Bruno H. da S. Ramos
- Institute of the Spine and Pain Clinic, Rua Dr. Renato Gonçalves, 108, Renato Gonçalves, Barreiras CEP 47806-021, BA, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane K. C. Fernandes
- University Center of Montes Belos, Av. Hermógenes Coelho s/n, Setor Universitário, São Luís de Montes Belos CEP 76100-000, GO, Brazil;
| | - Dayane G. de L. Ribas
- Gaus College and Course, Rua Severino Vieira, 60, Centro, Barreiras CEP 47800-160, BA, Brazil;
| | - Silvia A. Oesterreich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados Rodovia Dourados, Itahum Km 12, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa postal 364, Dourados CEP 79804-970, MS, Brazil;
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Identification of the antidepressive properties of C1, a specific inhibitor of Skp2, in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:62-72. [PMID: 33416256 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that SMIP004, an inhibitor of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), displays antidepressant-like activities in stress-naïve and chronically stressed mice. Here, we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of C1, another inhibitor of Skp2, in mouse models following acute or chronic drug administration at different doses and treatment times by using the tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and social interaction test (SIT). The time- and dose-dependent results showed that the antidepressant-like effect of C1 occurred 8 days after the drug treatment, and C1 produced antidepressant-like activities at the dose of 5 and 10 but not 1 mg/kg in male or female mice. C1 administration (5 mg/kg) also induced antidepressant-like effects in stress-naïve mice in a three-times administration mode within 24 h (24, 5, and 1 h before the test) but not in an acute administration mode (1 h before the test). The C1 and fluoxetine co-administration produced additive effect on depression-like behaviors in stress-naïve mice. The antidepressant-like effect of C1 was not associated with the change in locomotor activity, as no increased locomotor activity was observed in different treatment modes. Furthermore, the long-term C1 treatment (5 mg/kg) was found to ameliorate the depression-like behaviors in chronic social defeat stress-exposed mice, suggesting that C1 can produce antidepressant-like actions in stress conditions. Since C1 is a specific inhibitor of Skp2, our results demonstrate that inhibition of Skp2 might be a potential strategy for the treatment of depression, and Skp2 may be potential target for the development of novel antidepressants.
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Constitutive Activity of Serotonin Receptor 6 Regulates Human Cerebral Organoids Formation and Depression-like Behaviors. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:75-88. [PMID: 33357407 PMCID: PMC7815944 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptor 6 (5-HT6R), a typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mainly expressed in the neurogenic area with constitutive activity, is of particular interest as a promising target for emotional impairment. Here, we found that 5-HT6R was highly expressed in human NSCs and activation of the receptor promoted self-renewal of human NSCs, and thus induced the expansion and folding of human cerebral organoids; dysfunction of receptor or inhibition of its constitutive activity resulted in the premature differentiation of NSCs, which ultimately depleted the NSC pool. The following mechanistic study revealed that EPAC-CREB signaling was involved in 5-HT6R regulation. Furthermore, we showed that mice with genetic deletion of 5-HT6R or knockin A268R mutant presented depression-like behaviors and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis for progressive decrease of the NSC pool. Thus, this study indicates that the modulation of 5-HT6R and its constitutive activity may provide a therapeutic alternative to alleviate depression. 5-HT6R regulates human neural stem cell proliferation The constitutive activity of 5-HT6R is essential for human neural stem cell's multipotency 5-HT6R modulates neurogenesis of human cerebral organoids Mice with reduced constitutive activity of 5-HT6R show depression-like behaviors
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Wang D, Xu X, Wu Y, Lin Y, Gao M, Hu P, Chen D, Lu X, Chen Z, Wang H, Huang C. SMIP004: A compound with antidepressant-like activities in mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 843:260-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Gdula-Argasińska J, Siwek A, Partyka A, Szewczyk B, Kołaczkowski M, Wesołowska A. Chronic antidepressant-like effect of EMD386088, a partial 5-HT 6 receptor agonist, in olfactory bulbectomy model may be connected with BDNF and/or CREB signalling pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:1047-1056. [PMID: 30292720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The removal of the olfactory bulbs has been attributed to behavioral changes and neuroplasticity manifesting themselves among others like increases in brain neurotrophin expression and neurogenesis. Earlier data presented that EMD386088, a 5-HT6 receptor partial agonist, exerts antidepressant-like properties after chronic administration in olfactory bulbectomy (OB) model as was it compared with amitriptyline (AMI). The aim of this study was to compare acute and chronic biochemical effects of EMD386088, administered in its antidepressant active (2.5mg/kg) and non-active (1.25mg/kg) doses, found in the open field test in OB rats, with those of AMI (10mg/kg). The levels of 5-HT6 receptor protein and selected neurotrophins in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (Hp) of rats have been examined. METHODS 5-HT6 receptor protein and selected neurotrophins: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), the product of the immediate early gene c-fos (cFos) protein levels were assessed using a Western blot analysis in PFC and Hp of bulbectomized rats after acute or chronic (14-day) EMD386088 or AMI intraperitoneal (ip) treatment. RESULTS The acute treatment with EMD386088 caused significant increases in CREB and BDNF protein levels in PFC, and an increase in BDNF in Hp of OB rats, while AMI injection decreased CREB and did not change BDNF levels. After the chronic administration of EMD386088, the increasing levels of BDNF and CREB were still observed in PFC and Hp. CONCLUSIONS The antidepressant-like effect of EMD386088 may be associated with the neuroplasticity activation in PFC and Hp in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Adamed Ltd. Pienków 149, Czosnów, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Żmudzka E, Sałaciak K, Sapa J, Pytka K. Serotonin receptors in depression and anxiety: Insights from animal studies. Life Sci 2018; 210:106-124. [PMID: 30144453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin regulates many physiological processes including sleep, appetite, and mood. Thus, serotonergic system is an important target in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as major depression and anxiety. This natural neurotransmitter interacts with 7 families of its receptors (5-HT1-7), which cause a variety of pharmacological effects. Using genetically modified animals and selective or preferential agonists and antagonist, numerous studies demonstrated the involvement of almost all serotonin receptor subtypes in antidepressant- or anxiolytic-like effects. In this review, based on animal studies, we discuss the possible involvement of serotonin receptor subtypes in depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Żmudzka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałaciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Effect of ketamine administration, alone and in combination with E-6837, on climbing behavior. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 27:485-8. [PMID: 27035065 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Some types of schizophrenia have been associated with repetitive movements lacking specific purpose, also known as stereotyped behavior. Dopamine agonists (D2) and noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists (e.g. ketamine) have been administered in rodent models to induce stereotyped behavior that resembles some motor symptoms of schizophrenia. Recently, a relationship has been found between 5-HT6 receptors (5-HT6Rs) and dopaminergic activity. The present study evaluates the effect of ketamine (5 and 10 mg/kg), alone and in combination with the 5-HT6R agonist E-6837, on the climbing behavior of male mice. Ketamine was administered with an acute (1 day) and subchronic (5 day) scheme. Later, these doses and schemes were combined with an acute scheme of E-6837 (5 and 10 mg/kg). With both the acute and the subchronic schemes, ketamine increased climbing behavior at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and this effect was reversed by E-6837 (at 5 and 10 mg/kg). The present results suggest that there is an interaction between N-methyl-D-aspartate and 5-HT6 receptors in the regulation of climbing behavior. Further research is necessary to provide more evidence on this interaction.
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Study on the effect of EMD386088, a 5-HT 6 receptor partial agonist, in enhancing the anti-immobility action of some antidepressants in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:37-49. [PMID: 29079874 PMCID: PMC5748433 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of some antidepressants co-administered with EMD386088 in the modified forced swim test in rats was investigated. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics, metabolic stability, and the effect of EMD386088 on P450 cytochromes were determined. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) coadministration of EMD386088 (2.5 mg/kg) and imipramine (15 mg/kg), reboxetine (5 mg/kg), moclobemide (10 mg/kg), or bupropion (10 mg/kg) evoked significant antidepressant-like activity, whereas no effect was observed after joint administration of EMD386088 with s-citalopram (10 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic in vivo investigation showed a rapid absorption of EMD386088 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) with t1/2 = 67 min (tmax = 5 min). Large volume of distribution (Vd/F = 102 L/kg) indicated its penetration into peripheral compartments. The most active coadministration of EMD386088 (2.5 mg/kg) with imipramine (15 mg/kg) resulted in slower absorption of the compound (Cmax = 60 min) and decrease in the volume of distribution (Vd/F = 32.2 L/kg). EMD386088 penetrates the blood–brain barrier with a high brain/plasma ratio of about 19 (2.5 mg/kg) and 7.5 for coadministration with imipramine. The in silico and in vitro studies on EMD386088 metabolic stability showed the dehydrogenation of tetrahydropyridine moiety as its main metabolic pathway. EMD386088 did not influence on CYP3A4 activity, and it has been classified as a very weak CYP2D6 inhibitor (IC50 = 2.25 μM). The results obtained from the forced swim test in rats indicate that an activation of 5HT6 receptor may facilitate antidepressant-like activity of some antidepressants. The pharmacokinetic results suggest that the interaction between EMD386088 and imipramine could not have been pharmacokinetic in nature.
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Agonist E-6837 and antagonist SB-271046 of 5-HT6 receptors both reverse the depressive-like effect induced in mice by subchronic ketamine administration. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:582-585. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kotańska M, Śniecikowska J, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Kołaczkowski M, Pytka K. Metabolic and Cardiovascular Benefits and Risks of EMD386088-A 5-HT 6 Receptor Partial Agonist and Dopamine Transporter Inhibitor. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:50. [PMID: 28228713 PMCID: PMC5296348 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 5-HT6 receptors play role in controlling feeding and satiety and dopamine is essential for normal feeding behavior, we evaluated the ability of EMD 386088-5-HT6 receptor partial agonist and dopamine transporter inhibitor-to reduce body weight in obese rats, as well as its anorectic properties (calorie intake reduction) in rat model of excessive eating and the influence on metabolism (plasma glucose and glycerol levels). We also determined the effect of the studied compound on pica behavior in rats and its influence on blood pressure after single administration. EMD 386088 reduced body weight in obese rats fed high-fat diet and decreased calorie intake in both models applied (rat model of obesity and of excessive eating). In both models EMD 386088 regulated plasma glucose and increased plasma glycerol levels. The latter proves that the compound reduced body fat. We think that it might have increased lipolysis, but this requires further studies. The reduction in glucose levels is the first symptom of metabolic disorders compensation. EMD 386088 did not cause pica behavior in rats but increased blood pressure after single administration. We think that partial 5-HT6 agonists might have potential in the treatment of obesity. Thus, EMD 386088 requires extended studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Śniecikowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical CollegeKraków, Poland; Adamed Ltd.Pieńków, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Kraków, Poland
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David D, Gardier A. Les bases de pharmacologie fondamentale du système sérotoninergique : application à la réponse antidépressive. Encephale 2016; 42:255-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Holubova K, Kleteckova L, Skurlova M, Ricny J, Stuchlik A, Vales K. Rapamycin blocks the antidepressant effect of ketamine in task-dependent manner. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2077-2097. [PMID: 27004790 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to test whether ketamine produces an antidepressant effect in animal model of olfactory bulbectomy and assess the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in ketamine's antidepressant effect. METHODS Bulbectomized (OBX) rats and sham controls were assigned to four subgroups according to the treatment they received (ketamine, saline, ketamine + rapamycin, and saline + rapamycin). The animals were subjected to open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM), passive avoidance (PA), Morris water maze (MWM), and Carousel maze (CM) tests. Blood samples were collected before and after drug administration for analysis of phosphorylated mTOR level. After behavioral testing, brains were removed for evaluation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. RESULTS Ketamine normalized hyperactivity of OBX animals in EPM and increased the time spent in open arms. Rapamycin pretreatment resulted in elimination of ketamine effect in EPM test. In CM test, ketamine + rapamycin administration led to cognitive impairment not observed in saline-, ketamine-, or saline + rapamycin-treated OBX rats. Prefrontal BDNF content was significantly decreased, and level of mTOR was significantly elevated in OBX groups. CONCLUSIONS OBX animals significantly differed from sham controls in most of the tests used. Treatment had more profound effect on OBX phenotype than controls. Pretreatment with rapamycin eliminated the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ketamine in task-dependent manner. The results indicate that ketamine + rapamycin application resulted in impaired stress responses manifested by cognitive deficits in active place avoidance (CM) test. Intensity of stressor (mild vs. severe) used in the behavioral tests had opposite effect on controls and on OBX animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Holubova
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kleteckova
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Skurlova
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ricny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Vales
- The Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic. .,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Prague East, Czech Republic.
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Study of a mechanism responsible for potential antidepressant activity of EMD 386088, a 5-HT6 partial agonist in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:839-49. [PMID: 27106213 PMCID: PMC4939156 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It was shown that 5-HT6 receptor agonists can exert pharmacological activity due to various modifications in monoamines’ level and metabolism activity in rats’ brain structures. This finding was correlated with antidepressant- or anxiolytic-like properties of these compounds. The study was designed to establish a possible mechanism of the antidepressant-like activity of the partial 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD386088 (5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole hydrochloride) in rats. The concentrations of monoamines (dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT)) and the rate of their metabolism were measured ex vivo in the brain structures (hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, striatum) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The rats were killed after the forced swim test (FST); the collected tissue samples were used to ex vivo experiments. The potency of EMD386088 to blockade dopamine transporter (DAT) was tested in a functional in vitro study. FST was used to assess the involvement of D1- and D2-like receptor subfamilies in antidepressant-like properties of EMD386088. Neurochemical data from ex vivo experiments showed that antiimmobility activity of EMD386088 may be connected with the activation of dopaminergic system, while neither noradrenergic nor serotonergic ones are involved in its effect. EMD386088 also possesses a significant affinity for DAT which may be a mechanism in the abovementioned effect. Behavioral data seem to confirm the importance of dopaminergic system activation in antidepressant-like activity of EMD386088, since this effect, observed in the FST, was abolished by the preferential D1- and D2-like receptor subfamily antagonists SCH23390 and sulpiride, respectively. Dopaminergic system is involved in antidepressant-like activity of EMD386088.
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Pytka K, Podkowa K, Rapacz A, Podkowa A, Żmudzka E, Olczyk A, Sapa J, Filipek B. The role of serotonergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors in antidepressant-like effect. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 68:263-74. [PMID: 26922526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious global illness, becoming more and more common in developed countries. Because of specific symptoms it is considered as a leading cause of disability all over the world with a high death factor due to suicides. There are many antidepressants used in the therapy, but still more than 30% of patients do not respond to the treatment. The heterogeneous nature of the illness and its complex, unclear aetiology may be responsible for these difficulties. Next to the main monoaminergic hypothesis of depression there are also many other approaches connected with the pathophysiology of the disease, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, dopaminergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic or GABA-ergic neurotransmission. Nevertheless, it can be unambiguously stated that serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems are precisely connected with pathogenesis of depression, and should be therefore considered as valuable targets in patients' treatment. Bearing that in mind, this review presents the role of serotonergic, adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors in antidepressant-like effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Karolina Podkowa
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żmudzka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrian Olczyk
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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