Pharmacokinetic study of tianeptine and its active metabolite MC5 in rats following different routes of administration using a novel liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analytical method

Interactions of antidepressants with concomitant medications-safety of complex therapies in multimorbidities

Depression is the fourth most serious disease in the world. Left untreated, it is a cause of suicide attempts, emergence or exacerbation worsening of serious diseases, bodily and mental disorders, as well as increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, diabetes, and obesity, as well as endocrine and neurological diseases. Frequent coexistence of depression and other diseases requires the simultaneous use of several drugs from different therapeutic groups, which very often interact and intensify comorbidities, sometimes unrelated mechanisms. Sufficient awareness of potential drug interactions is critical in clinical practice, as it allows both to avoid disruption of proper pharmacotherapy and achieve substantive results. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the interactions of antidepressants with other concomitant medications. Against the backdrop of experimental research and a thorough analysis of the up-to-date literature, the authors discuss in detail the mechanisms and effects of action of individual drug interactions and adaptogens, including the latest antidepressants.

Spectrofluorimetric determination of tianeptine using its quenching effect on Vilazodone

A rapid, cost effective, simple and reliable method was developed for the determination of Tianeptine (TIA) drug in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulation. The fluorescence of Vilazodone was measured in isopropanol at room temperature. The method was optimized by measuring the factors that may affect the fluorescence intensity such as: pH, diluting solvent, temperature and mixing time. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, range, LOD and LOQ. The concentration range was found to be linear in the range of 10-100 ng/ml. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be very small (1.86, 5.62 ng/mL. The % RSD and the % R were found within the acceptable range. Unlike the HPLC procedures, the proposed method for TIA determination has many advantages over the reported analytical methods represented in its rapidity, lower cost and environmental safety as the instrument is simple with low operating cost.

Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

Cloud-point extraction (CPE) is rarely combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in drug determination due to the matrix effect (ME). However, we have recently shown that ME is not a limiting factor in CPE. Low extraction efficiency may be improved by salt addition, but none of the salts used in CPE are suitable for LC-MS. It is the first time that the influences of a volatile salt-ammonium acetate (AA)-on the CPE extraction efficiency and ME have been studied. Our modification of CPE included also the use of ethanol instead of acetonitrile to reduce the sample viscosity and make the method more environmentally friendly. We developed and validated CPE-LC-MS for the simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in plasma that can be useful for clinical and forensic toxicology. The selected parameters included Triton X-114 concentration (1.5 and 6%, w/v), concentration of AA (0, 10, 20 and 30%, w/v), and pH (3.5, 6.8 and 10.2). The addition of 10% of AA increased recovery twice. For 20 and 30% (w/v) of AA, three phases were formed that prolonged the extraction process. The developed CPE method (6% Triton X-114, 10% AA, pH 10.2) was successfully validated through LC-MS/MS simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in human plasma. The linearity was in the range of 10-750 ng/mL (r2 > 0.990).