Beneficial effects of edaravone in experimental model of amitriptyline-induced cardiotoxicity in rats

The protective effect of curcumin on cardiac markers and fibrosis in abemaciclib-induced cardiac damage in rats

Abemaciclib (ABE) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor used in combination with an antiestrogen in the treatment of breast cancer. In addition to the important therapeutic properties of this drug, its side effects are not fully known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin (CUR) on cardiac damage caused by ABE administration. Forty rats were equally divided into control, dimethyl sulfoxide (150 µL), CUR (30 mg/kg/day), ABE (26 mg/kg/day), and ABE + CUR (26 mg/kg/day ABE and 30mg/kg/day CUR) groups (n = 8). Injections were administered daily for 28 days. Troponin-I, total cholesterol, and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) levels and cardiac fibrosis were higher in the ABE group than in the control group (p < 0.05), and were lower in the ABE + CUR group than in the ABE group (p < 0.05). The results showed that ABE administration can cause cardiac damage and increase cardiac fibrosis. However, they showed that coadministration of CUR with ABE could suppress increases in CK-MB, troponin-I, and total cholesterol levels and also cardiac fibrosis associated with cardiac damage. Therefore, we can infer that the subsequent administration of CUR ABE treatment can be used as a therapeutic strategy for preventing cardiac damage.

The electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and biochemical evaluation of treatment with edaravone on acute cardiac toxicity of aluminum phosphide

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning can be highly fatal due to its severe toxicity to the heart. Based on the evidence, edaravone (EDA) has protective effects on various pathological conditions of the heart. This research aimed to examine the potential protective effects of EDA on AlP-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The rats were divided into six groups, including almond oil (control), normal saline, AlP (LD₅₀), and AlP + EDA (20, 30, and 45 mg/kg). Thirty minutes following AlP poisoning, the electrocardiographic (ECG), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) parameters were examined for 180 min. The EDA was injected 60 min following the AlP poisoning intraperitoneally. Also, 24 h after poisoning, echocardiography was carried out to evaluate the ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO). The biochemical and molecular parameters, such as the activities of the mitochondrial complexes, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and necrosis, and troponin I and lactate levels, were also examined after 12 and 24 h in the heart tissue. According to the results, AlP-induced ECG abnormalities, decrease in blood pressure, heart rate, SV, EF%, and CO were significantly improved with EDA at doses of 30 and 45 mg/kg. Likewise, EDA significantly improved complex I and IV activity, apoptosis and necrosis, ROS, troponin I, and lactate levels following AlP-poisoning (p < 0.05). Also, the mean survival time was increased following EDA treatment, which can be attributed to the EDA’s protective effects against diverse underlying mechanisms of phosphine-induced cardiac toxicity. These findings suggest that EDA, by ameliorating heart function and modulating mitochondrial activity, might relieve AlP-induced cardiotoxicity. Nonetheless, additional investigations are required to examine any potential clinical advantages of EDA in this toxicity.

Effect of Edaravone Combined with Anticoagulant Therapy on the Serum hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α Levels and Activity of Daily Living in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

Objective

To explore the effect of edaravone combined with anticoagulant therapy on the serum hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and the activity of daily living (ADL) in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

Methods

The clinical data of 84 ACI patients treated in our hospital from August 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into the routine group (n = 42) and the combined group (n = 42) according to the order of admission. Both groups were treated with routine clinical treatment, and the combined group was additionally treated with edaravone combined with anticoagulant therapy. Serum samples were collected from both groups after treatment. ELISA was used to detect the serum inflammatory factor levels, and the modified Barthel index score was used to evaluate the ADL of patients.

Results

Compared with the routine group, the combined group achieved obviously lower levels of PMA, CD62p, and serum inflammatory factors after treatment (P < 0.001), higher modified Barthel score after treatment (P < 0.001), lower plasma viscosity, platelet aggregation rate, and plasma fibrinogen level after treatment (P < 0.001), and higher clinical overall efficacy (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Edaravone combined with anticoagulant therapy is a reliable method to enhance ADL and reduce the inflammatory response of ACI patients. This strategy greatly reduces the platelet-activating factor levels of patients and improves the comprehensive clinical efficacy, and its further research will help to establish a better solution for these patients.

Edaravone mitigates hemorrhagic cystitis by modulating Nrf2, TLR-4/NF-κB, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling in cyclophosphamide-intoxicated rats

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially deadly complication associated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This study explored the protective effect of edaravone (ED) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats. The animals received 20 mg/kg ED for 10 days and a single injection of 200 mg/kg CP on day 7. CP induced tissue injury manifested by the diffuse necrotic changes, disorganization of lining mucosa, focal hemorrhagic patches, mucosal/submucosal inflammatory cells infiltrates, and edema. CP increased malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 6 (IL-6), decreased IL-10, and upregulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the urinary bladder of rats. ED effectively prevented the histopathological alterations, decreased MDA, NO, and inflammatory mediators, and downregulated TLR-4, NF-κB, JAK1, and STAT3 in CP-induced rats. Treatment with ED upregulated ikβ kinase β, IL-10, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cytoglobin, and boosted glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase. Molecular docking simulations revealed the ability of ED to bind TLR-4, NF-κB, JAK1, and STAT3. In vitro, ED increased the cytotoxic activity of CP against HeLa, Caco-2, and K562 cell lines. In conclusion, ED prevented CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats by attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling and boosted Nrf2, cytoglobin, and antioxidants.

Synthesis and radioprotective effects of novel hybrid compounds containing edaravone analogue and 3-n-butylphthalide ring-opening derivatives

As the potential risk of radiation exposure is increasing, radioprotectors studies are gaining importance. In this study, novel hybrid compounds containing edaravone analogue and 3-n-butylphthalide ring-opening derivatives were synthesized, and their radioprotective effects were evaluated. Among these, compound 10a displayed the highest radioprotective activity in IEC-6 and HFL-1 cells. Its oral administration increased the survival rates of irradiated mice and alleviated total body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic damage by mitigating myelosuppression and improving hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell frequencies. Furthermore, 10a treatment prevented abdominal irradiation (ABI)-induced structural damage to the small intestine. Experiment results demonstrated that 10a increased the number of Lgr5⁺ intestinal stem cells, lysozyme⁺ Paneth cells and Ki67⁺ transient amplifying cells, and reduced apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium cells in irradiated mice. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the radioprotective activity of 10a is associated to the reduction of oxidative stress and the inhibition of DNA damage. Furthermore, compound 10a downregulated the expressions of p53, Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3, and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, suggesting that it could prevent irradiation-induced intestinal damage through the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that 10a is beneficial for the prevention of radiation damage and has the potential to be a radioprotector.

Design, synthesis, and neuroprotective effects of novel hybrid compounds containing edaravone analogue and 3-n-butylphthalide ring-opened derivatives

To develop anti-ischemic stroke drugs with higher blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrating capability and neuroprotective activity, a series of hybrid compounds containing edaravone analogue and 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) ring-opened derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated. Among them, compound 10a displayed the highest protective activity in SH-SY5Y cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and H₂O₂ insults. Experiment results indicated that 10a could inhibit platelet aggregation via the synergistic action of the edaravone analogue and NBP, and its oral administration protected the rats against ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury. Moreover, 10a effectively inhibited apoptosis and reduced oxidative stress in OGD-exposed cells. Further analysis suggested that 10a might alleviate oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells via the modulation of the Nrf2 pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that 10a can emerge as a potential candidate drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Edaravone and Acetovanillone Upregulate Nrf2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling and Prevent Cyclophosphamide Cardiotoxicity in Rats

Introduction

Cyclophosphamide (CP) causes redox imbalance and its use is associated with marked cardiotoxicity that limits its clinical applications. The present study investigated the protective effects of acetovanillone (AV) and edaravone (ED) against CP-induced oxidative stress and cardiac damage, emphasizing the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2 signaling.

Materials and Methods

Rats received either AV (100 mg/kg) or ED (20 mg/kg) orally for 10 days and CP (200 mg/kg) on day 7. At day 11, the rats were sacrificed, and samples were collected for analysis.

Results

AV and ED ameliorated serum troponin I, CK-MB, LDH, AST and ALP, and prevented cardiac histological alterations in CP-intoxicated rats. Both treatments decreased cardiac lipid peroxidation and enhanced GSH, SOD and cytoglobin in CP-induced rats. AV and ED downregulated Keap1, whereas increased the expression of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and Nrf2 in the heart of rats received CP. Additionally, the binding modes of AV and ED to Keap1 were pinpointed in silico using molecular docking simulations.

Conclusion

AV and ED prevent CP cardiotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and tissue injury, and modulating cytoglobin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling. Therefore, AV and ED may represent promising agents that can prevent cardiac injury in patients receiving CP.

Cardioprotective Effect of Paricalcitol on Amitriptyline-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats: Comparison of [99mTc]PYP Cardiac Scintigraphy with Electrocardiographic and Biochemical Findings

Taking an overdose of AMT, a commonly prescribed tricyclic antidepressant drug, has an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. The cardiotoxicity of amitriptyline (AMT) is a commonly observed toxicity with high morbidity and mortality rates in emergency departments (ED). Nevertheless, there are still no effective treatment options for AMT-induced cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of paricalcitol (PRC), a Vitamin D receptor agonist, using electrocardiographic (ECG), biochemical, and scintigraphic methods. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: untreated control (CON), amitriptyline-induced cardiotoxicity (AMT), paricalcitol (PRC), and amitriptyline + paricalcitol (AMT + PRC). Cardiotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of a single-dose AMT (100 mg/kg). PRC was administered as 10 μg/kg (i.p.) after the injection of AMT. We examined ECG, biochemical, and scintigraphic results of PRC administration on AMT-induced changes. Cardiotoxicity of AMT was characterized by conduction abnormalities (increased QRS complex, T wave, and QT interval duration and elevation of ST segment amplitude), elevated ^99mTechnetium Pyrophosphate ([^99mTc]PYP) uptake, and increased cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels. Treatment with PRC significantly decreased all AMT-associated conduction abnormalities in ECG (p < 0.001), and decreased [^99mTc]PYP uptake (p < 0.001) and serum cTnT level (p < 0.001). The present study indicated that the vitamin D receptor agonist paricalcitol could decrease the AMT-induced cardiotoxicity. This suggests [^99mTc]PYP as a non-invasive method for the evaluation of myocardial injury induced by AMT. According to the results of the present study, PRC has beneficial effects on AMT-induced cardiotoxicity.

Evaluation of the protective effect of edaravone on doxorubicin nephrotoxicity by [99mTc]DMSA renal scintigraphy and biochemical methods

To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of edaravone on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity. In this experimental study, twenty-eight Wistar male rats were used. The rats were separated into 4 groups (n = 7); group І (control), rats were treated with saline (4 ml/kg) and group ІІ (doxorubicin), nephrotoxicity was induced by three doses of 18 mg/kg/i.p. doxorubicin, at a 24-h interval on the 12th, 13th, and 14th days. Group ІІІ (edaravone), rats were treated with edaravone (30 mg/kg/for 14 days), and group ІV (edaravone + doxorubicin), rats were treated with edaravone (30 mg/kg/for 14 days) and doxorubicin were injected (18 mg/kg/for 3 days; at a 24-h interval on the 12th, 13th, and 14th days). On the 15th day of the experiment, technetium-99m-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid ([^99mTc]DMSA) uptake was obtained in both kidneys and biochemical parameters from serum and kidney tissue were measured. Doxorubicin led to nephrotoxicity through elevation of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in kidney tissue and decreased [^99mTc]DMSA uptake level in the kidney when compared with control group (p < 0.01). Pretreatment edaravone significantly decreased BUN and creatinine, also kidney tissue TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and increased [^99mTc]DMSA uptake level compared with the doxorubicin. Edaravone has a significant nephroprotective effect through the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers during doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.