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Shah NZ, Khan A, Halim SA, Avula SK, Islam NU, Khan I, Karim N, Kifayatullah M, Khalid A, Alhazmi HA, Abdalla AN, Kashtoh H, Al-Harrasi A. Efficient microwave synthesis of flurbiprofen derivatives and their enhancement of efficacy in chronic inflammatory pain models and gastro-protective potential in post-operative model. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38294707 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2309645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Present research was designed to synthesize and characterize the flurbiprofen derivatives and to evaluate their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and gastro-protective activities in post-operative and chronic inflammatory pain models. Flurbiprofen derivatives were produced by using three-step processes involving esterification, hydrazide production, and schiff base, each of which modified a different carboxyl group. All the newly synthesized flurbiprofen derivatives (NS5-NS8) were characterized by 1H NMR,13C NMR,19F NMR and HR-ESI-MS, and the post-operative, inflammatory pain and ulcerogenic activities were determined in well-established in-vivo animal models. To evaluate post-operative and inflammatory pain, various doses of compounds [1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg (bwt)] were used, while their ulcerogenic potential was assessed at doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg (bwt). The incisional damage linked pain was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by derivatives at different doses in both the acute and repeated tests with decreased response of phologistic agent-induced inflammation. The stomach histology and biochemical features demonstrate that the synthesized derivatives have no potential to cause ulcerogenicity as compared to aspirin and flurbiprofen. Furthermore, docking shows that the hydrazide moiety of these compounds is crucial in interacting within COX-2 binding site. Therefore, the synthesized compounds exhibit strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and a low risk of causing ulcers. These attributes render them potentially valuable therapeutic agents for the treatment of pathological disorders associated with inflammation and pain.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Zamin Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nazar Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Nasiara Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy Kashtoh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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Ullah Q, Ali Z, Rashid U, Ali G, Ahmad N, Khan R, Ullah S, Ayaz M, Murthy HCA. Involvement of the Opioidergic Mechanism in the Analgesic Potential of a Novel Indazolone Derivative: Efficacy in the Management of Pain, Neuropathy, and Inflammation Using In Vivo and In Silico Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22809-22819. [PMID: 37396203 PMCID: PMC10308391 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Indazolones possess interesting pharmacological activities. The search for indazole and indazolone-containing nuclei as drugs is an important research area of medicinal chemistry. The current work aims to evaluate a novel indazolone derivative against in vivo and in silico targets of pain, neuropathy, and inflammation. An indazolone derivative (ID) was synthesized and characterized using advanced spectroscopic techniques. Well-established animal models of abdominal constriction, hot plate, tail immersion, carrageenan paw edema, and Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia were employed for evaluating the potential of the ID at different doses (20-60 mg kg-1). Nonselective GABA antagonists, opioid antagonist naloxone (NLX) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), were employed to assess the potential role of GABAergic and opioidergic processes. The antineuropathic potential of the drug was evaluated using a vincristine-induced neuropathic pain model. In silico studies were performed to assess any possible interactions of the ID with pain target sites like cyclooxygenases (COX-I/II), GABAA, and opioid receptors. This study revealed that the selected ID (doses of 20-60 mg kg-1) efficiently hampered chemically and thermally induced nociceptive responses, producing significant anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. These effects produced by the ID were dose-dependent (i.e., 20-60 mg kg-1 and p range of 0.001-0.01) and significant in comparison to standards (p < 0.001). Antagonistic studies with NLX (1.0 mg kg-1) and PTZ (15.0 mg kg-1) revealed the involvement of the opioidergic mechanism rather than the GABAergic mechanism. The ID showed promising anti-static allodynia effects as well. In silico studies revealed preferential binding interactions of the ID with cyclooxygenases (COX-I/II), GABAA, and opioid receptors. According to the results of the current investigation, the ID may serve in the future as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of pyrexia, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain, and nociceptive inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qarib Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21310, Pakistan
| | - Zarshad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21310, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad-Abbottabad Campus, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences Mardan, Mardan, KPK 23200, Pakistan
| | - Rasool Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Dir (L), Chakdara, KP 18000, Pakistan
| | - H C Ananda Murthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P O Box 1888, Adama, Oromia 1888, Ethiopia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gohar A, Ali G, Rashid U, Rauf K, Arif M, Khan MS, Alkahramaan YMSA, Sewell RDE. Effect of Gabapentin-Fluoxetine Derivative GBP1F in a Murine Model of Depression, Anxiety and Cognition. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1793-1803. [PMID: 37346999 PMCID: PMC10281524 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s407229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Gabapentin is a commonly prescribed antiepileptic agent for seizures, which is also used for pain and addiction management. Due to growing evidence of its abuse liability, there has been an incentive to synthesise potentially useful gabapentin derivatives devoid of adverse effects. A gabapentin adduct with a fluoxetine moiety, GBP1F, was assessed for any sedative, cognitive, anxiolytic, or antidepressant-like actions in murine behavioral models. Materials and Methods Selected groups of mice were used for each behavioral paradigm, and the effect of GBP1F (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) was assessed using spontaneous locomotor activity, the tail suspension test, elevated plus maze test, and the Y maze test models. Immediately following behavioral experiments, postmortem striatal and hippocampal tissues were evaluated for the effect of GBP1F on concentrations of dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, serotonin, 5-HIAA, vitamin C, and noradrenaline using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Results GBP1F induced a mild suppression of locomotor activity, ameliorated anxiety and depression-like behavior, did not alter cognitive behavior, and raised serotonin and 5-HIAA concentrations in the hippocampus and striatum. GBP1F also positively enhanced dopamine and vitamin C tissue levels in the striatum. Thus, GBP1F represents a compound with anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects though further studies are warranted at the molecular level to focus on the precise mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Gohar
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Arif
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sona Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Shah NZ, Avula SK, Karim N, Islam NU, El-Saber Batiha G, Muhsinah AB, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Bio-oriented synthesis of ibuprofen derivatives for enhancement efficacy in post-operative and chronic inflammatory pain models. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12518-12528. [PMID: 37091596 PMCID: PMC10120854 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01385e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of post-operative, chronic inflammatory pain and any gastroulcerogenic potential using well-established animal models in vivo with new structures, high efficiency, broad-spectrum, and low toxicity has been the focus of medicinal chemists. In the present article, we are reporting the design and synthesis of various derivatives of ibuprofen by modifying the carboxyl group of ibuprofen using three steps reactions; esterification under microwave-irradiation in 10 minutes, hydrazide formation, and finally schiff's base reaction. Microwave-assisted esterification reaction can be employed to quickly explore and increase molecular diversity in synthetic chemistry. All of the newly synthesized compounds (NS1-NS4) were characterized by 1H-, 13C-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopy and evaluated for post-operative, chronic inflammatory pain and any gastroulcerogenic potential using well-established animal models in vivo. The synthesized compounds at the tested doses of 100 and 150 mg kg-1 significantly attenuated the incisional-injury induced post-operative pain like condition and, also inhibited the phologistic agent induced inflammatory responses in both the acute and chronic testing paradigms. The gastric histological and biochemical parameters exhibited that the synthesized compounds were devoid of any ulcerogenic potential in comparison to aspirin and ibuprofen. These findings concluded that the synthesized ibuprofen derivatives exhibited profound analgesic, anti-inflammatory properties with reduced ulcerogenic potential and might be considered as effective therapeutic agents to treat pathological conditions associated with pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Zamin Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Chakdara 18800 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P. O. Box-33, Birkat Al-Mauz Postal Code-616 Nizwa Oman
| | - Nasiara Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Chakdara 18800 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar 25120 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Nazar Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University Da-manhour 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Abha 61441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P. O. Box-33, Birkat Al-Mauz Postal Code-616 Nizwa Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P. O. Box-33, Birkat Al-Mauz Postal Code-616 Nizwa Oman
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