Bakuchiol regulates TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathways to protect against LPS-induced acute lung injury in vitro and in vivo

Glycyrrhizin alleviates BoAHV-1-induced lung injury in guinea pigs by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling pathway

Varicellovirus bovinealpha 1 (BoAHV-1) is a significant pathogen responsible for respiratory disease in cattle, capable of inducing lung damage independently or co-infection with bacteria. The widespread spread of BoAHV-1 in cattle herds has caused substantial economic losses to the cattle industry. The pathogenic mechanisms of BoAHV-1 are often relevant to robust inflammatory responses, increased oxidative burden, and the initiation of apoptosis. Glycyrrhizin (GLY) is a small-molecule triterpenoid saponin compound obtained from the herb liquorice, which has a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, GLY regulates lung physiology by modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis through interference with the NF-κB/NLRP3 and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling pathways. However, the potential of GLY to mitigate lung injury induced by BoAHV-1 and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effect of GLY against pulmonary injury induced by BoAHV-1 in a guinea pig model by reducing viral load and suppressing the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The results of this study demonstrated that GLY exerted a protective effect against BoAHV-1-induced lung injury in guinea pigs. Specifically, GLY reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-8 in guinea pig tissues while suppressing the expression of Caspase-1. Additionally, GLY reduced BoAHV-1 load and the number of TUNEL-positive lung cells in guinea pig lungs while inhibiting Caspase 3 protein expression. Furthermore, GLY significantly enhanced lung antioxidant capacity by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity while simultaneously reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Lung histological observation and score further validated the protective effect of GLY on BoAHV-1-induced lung injury. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) and NLRP3 proteins in the lung tissue of BoAHV-1-infected guinea pigs decreased after GLY treatment while the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins increased. These results indicated that GLY inhibited the NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling pathway and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling pathway during BoAHV-1 infection. Ultimately, our findings demonstrated that GLY alleviates BoAHV-1-induced inflammation response, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling pathway to protect guinea pigs from lung injury caused by BoAHV-1. Ultimately, our findings demonstrated that GLY alleviates BoAHV-1-induced inflammation response, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling pathway to protect guinea pigs from lung injury caused by BoAHV-1. Importantly, this study provides a compelling argument for the GLY in combating respiratory disease in cattle caused by BoAHV-1.

Rigid-flexible nanocarriers loaded with active peptides for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications in skin

Peptides are recognized as highly effective and safe bioactive ingredients. However, t their practical application is limited and hampered by harsh conditions for practical drug delivery. Hence, a novel peptide nanocarrier of copper peptide (GHK-Cu) encapsulation developed by liposome technology combined with the classical Chinese concept of rigidity and flexibility. Different polyols were selected as modification ligands for phospholipid bilayers to construct a nano drug-carrying system with high loading rate, good stability and biocompatibility. In vitro, this complex not only significantly retarded the release ability of copper peptides, but also enabled copper peptides to be effectively resistant to enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, cellular experiments showed that this system mainly regulates Nrf2, SIRT1, and PEG2/COX-2-related signaling pathways, thus effectively counteracting cellular inflammation, senescence, and apoptosis from oxidative damage. Interestingly, a green, non-toxic, efficient and convenient antioxidant system was developed for the prevention and deceleration of skin aging.

Rosavin Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injure by Modulating the TLR-4/NF-κB/MAPK Singnaling Pathways

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality. Rosavin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phenylpropanoid and glucoside, which is isolated from Rhodiola rosea L. However, its potential molecular mechanisms and whether it has protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI remain to be elucidated. To assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects and anti-lung injury activity of rosavin, RAW264.7 and A549 cells were stimulated using 1 μg/mL LPS. Rosavin attenuated LPS-induced activation of the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells and inhibited LPS-induced release of inflammatory factors in A549 cells. A mouse model of acute lung injury was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg LPS to observe the therapeutic effect of rosavin. Transcriptomics analysis and Western blot assays were utilized to verify the molecular mechanism, rosavin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) dose-dependently ameliorated histopathological alterations, reduced the levels of inflammatory factors, and inhibited the TLR-4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and apoptosis activation. Rosavin is a promising therapeutic candidate for acute lung injury by inhibiting the TLR-4/NF-κB/MAPK pathway.