1
|
Uspenskaia AA, Krasnikov PA, Majouga AG, Beloglazkina EK, Machulkin AE. Fluorescent Conjugates Based on Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands as an Effective Visualization Tool for Prostate Cancer. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:953-967. [PMID: 37751866 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes are widely used in histological studies and in intraoperative imaging, including surgical treatment of prostate cancer (PC), which is one of the most common types of cancerous tumors among men today. Targeted delivery of fluorescent conjugates greatly improves diagnostic efficiency and allows for timely correct diagnosis. In the case of PC, the protein marker is a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). To date, a large number of diagnostic conjugates targeting PSMA have been created based on modified urea. The review focuses on the conjugates selectively binding to PSMA and answers the following questions: What fluorescent dyes are already in use in the field of PC diagnosis? What factors influence the structure-activity ratio of the final molecule? What features should be considered when selecting a fluorescent tag to create new diagnostic conjugates? And what could be suggested to further development in this field at the present time?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel A Krasnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | | | - Aleksei E Machulkin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- RUDN University, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Still NAAG’ing After All These Years. NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: A TRIBUTE TO JOSEPH T. COYLE 2016; 76:215-55. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
3
|
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II inhibition behaviorally and physiologically improves pyridoxine-induced neuropathy in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102936. [PMID: 25254647 PMCID: PMC4177783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxine is used as a supplement for treating conditions such as vitamin deficiency as well as neurological disorders such as depression, epilepsy and autism. A significant neurologic complication of pyridoxine therapy is peripheral neuropathy thought to be a result of long-term and high dose usage. Although pyridoxine-induced neuropathy is transient and can remit after its withdrawal, the process of complete recovery can be slow. Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II) inhibition has been shown to improve symptoms of both chemotherapy- and diabetic-induced neuropathy. This study evaluated if GCP II inhibition could behaviorally and physiologically improve pyridoxine-induced neuropathy. In the current study, high doses of pyridoxine (400 mg/kg, twice a day for seven days) were used to induce neuropathy in rats. An orally bioavailable GCP II inhibitor, 2-(3-mercaptopropyl) pentanedioic acid (2-MPPA), was administered daily at a dose of 30 mg/kg starting from the onset of pyridoxine injections. Body weight, motor coordination, heat sensitivity, electromyographical (EMG) parameters and nerve morphological features were monitored. The results show beneficial effects of GCP II inhibition including normalization of hot plate reaction time, foot fault improvements and increased open field distance travelled. H wave frequency, amplitude and latency as well as sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) were also significantly improved by 2-MPPA. Lastly, GCP II inhibition resulted in morphological protection in the spinal cord and sensory fibers in the lumbar region dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In conclusion, inhibition of GCP II may be beneficial against the peripheral sensory neuropathy caused by pyridoxine.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Q, Wang J, Zhang X, Zeng L, Wang L, Jiang W. Effect of metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor antagonists on morphine efficacy and tolerance in rats with neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:17-23. [PMID: 24041921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor is involved in both pain processing and modulation of µ-opioid induced antinociception and antihyperalgesia. Systemic mGlu5 receptor antagonists 2-methyl-6-phenylethynylpyridine (MPEP) or 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl) ethynyl] pyridine (MTEP) provide antihyperalgesic effects in various pain models, but few studies have shown their interaction with morphine in neuropathic pain models. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of systemic and intrathecal MPEP/MTEP on morphine efficacy and tolerance in rats with chronic neuropathic pain. L5-6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was used to establish neuropathic pain model in rats. The Von Frey test and the hot water tail flick test were employed as behavior tests. Low, medium and high doses of MPEP/MTEP were tested for their effect on both acute morphine efficacy and chronic morphine tolerance. SNL provides sustained neuropathic pain on the ipsilateral hind paw of rats. Both systemic and intrathecal MPEP/MTEP had antiallodynia effects and boosted morphine's efficacy in a dose-dependent manner in the Von Frey tests but not in the tail flick tests. In fact, high doses of MTEP and MPEP attenuated morphine's antinociceptive effect in the latter test. After intrathecal chronic co-administration with morphine, low-doses of MTEP/MPEP attenuated morphine tolerance in both tests. Systemically, only MTEP attenuated morphine tolerance, and only in the Von Frey tests, not in the tail flick tests, whereas MPEP had no effect on morphine tolerance in either tests. The therapeutic use of mGlu5 receptor antagonists may have distinct effects in different pain models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanhong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bařinka C, Rojas C, Slusher B, Pomper M. Glutamate carboxypeptidase II in diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disorders and prostate cancer. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:856-70. [PMID: 22214450 DOI: 10.2174/092986712799034888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a membrane-bound binuclear zinc metallopeptidase with the highest expression levels found in the nervous and prostatic tissue. Throughout the nervous system, glia-bound GCPII is intimately involved in the neuron-neuron and neuron-glia signaling via the hydrolysis of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the most abundant mammalian peptidic neurotransmitter. The inhibition of the GCPII-controlled NAAG catabolism has been shown to attenuate neurotoxicity associated with enhanced glutamate transmission and GCPII-specific inhibitors demonstrate efficacy in multiple preclinical models including traumatic brain injury, stroke, neuropathic and inflammatory pain, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and schizophrenia. The second major area of pharmacological interventions targeting GCPII focuses on prostate carcinoma; GCPII expression levels are highly increased in androgen-independent and metastatic disease. Consequently, the enzyme serves as a potential target for imaging and therapy. This review offers a summary of GCPII structure, physiological functions in healthy tissues, and its association with various pathologies. The review also outlines the development of GCPII-specific small-molecule compounds and their use in preclinical and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bařinka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14200 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Plechanovová A, Byun Y, Alquicer G, Škultétyová Ľ, Mlčochová P, Němcová A, Kim HJ, Navrátil M, Mease R, Lubkowski J, Pomper M, Konvalinka J, Rulíšek L, Bařinka C. Novel substrate-based inhibitors of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II with enhanced lipophilicity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7535-46. [PMID: 21923190 PMCID: PMC3222833 DOI: 10.1021/jm200807m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Virtually all low molecular weight inhibitors of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) are highly polar compounds that have limited use in settings where more lipophilic molecules are desired. Here we report the identification and characterization of GCPII inhibitors with enhanced liphophilicity that are derived from a series of newly identified dipeptidic GCPII substrates featuring nonpolar aliphatic side chains at the C-terminus. To analyze the interactions governing the substrate recognition by GCPII, we determined crystal structures of the inactive GCPII(E424A) mutant in complex with selected dipeptides and complemented the structural data with quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. Results reveal the importance of nonpolar interactions governing GCPII affinity toward novel substrates as well as formerly unnoticed plasticity of the S1' specificity pocket. On the basis of those data, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of novel GCPII inhibitors with enhanced lipophilicity, with the best candidates having low nanomolar inhibition constants and clogD > -0.3. Our findings offer new insights into the design of more lipophilic inhibitors targeting GCPII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Plechanovová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gilead Sciences Research Center at IOCB, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic,Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231,College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Yeongi-gun, Chungnam 339-700, South Korea
| | - Glenda Alquicer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14200 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ľubica Škultétyová
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14200 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mlčochová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gilead Sciences Research Center at IOCB, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic,Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Němcová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gilead Sciences Research Center at IOCB, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hyung-Joon Kim
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Michal Navrátil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gilead Sciences Research Center at IOCB, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic,Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ronnie Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Martin Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gilead Sciences Research Center at IOCB, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic,Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gilead Sciences Research Center at IOCB, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Bařinka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14200 Praha 4, Czech Republic,Address correspondence to: Institute of Biotechnology AS CR, v.v.i., Laboratory of Structural Biology, Videnska 1083, 14200 Praha 4, Czech Republic; phone: +420-296-443-615; fax: +420-296-443-610;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neale JH, Olszewski RT, Zuo D, Janczura KJ, Profaci CP, Lavin KM, Madore JC, Bzdega T. Advances in understanding the peptide neurotransmitter NAAG and appearance of a new member of the NAAG neuropeptide family. J Neurochem 2011; 118:490-8. [PMID: 21644997 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A substantial body of data was reported between 1984 and 2000 demonstrating that the neuropeptide N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) not only functions as a neurotransmitter but also is the third most prevalent transmitter in the mammalian nervous system behind glutamate and GABA. By 2005, this conclusion was validated further through a series of studies in vivo and in vitro. The primary enzyme responsible for the inactivation of NAAG following its synaptic release had been cloned, characterized and knocked out. Potent inhibitors of this enzyme were developed and their efficacy has been extensively studied in a series of animal models of clinical conditions, including stroke, peripheral neuropathy, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, cocaine addiction, and schizophrenia. Considerable progress also has been made in defining further the mechanism of action of these peptidase inhibitors in elevating synaptic levels of NAAG with the consequent inhibition of transmitter release via the activation of pre-synaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 by this peptide. Very recent discoveries include identification of two different nervous system enzymes that mediate the synthesis of NAAG from N-acetylaspartate and glutamate and the finding that one of these enzymes also mediates the synthesis of a second member of the NAAG family of neuropeptides, N-acetylaspartylglutamylglutamate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Neale
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takatsu Y, Fujita Y, Tsukamoto T, Slusher BS, Hashimoto K. Orally active glutamate carboxypeptidase II inhibitor 2-MPPA attenuates dizocilpine-induced prepulse inhibition deficits in mice. Brain Res 2011; 1371:82-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Bisaga A, Kos T, Wójcikowski J, Daniel WA, Popik P. Brain levels of dextromethorphan and the intensity of opioid withdrawal in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 95:147-51. [PMID: 18328640 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Consistent with their antagonistic actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate type glutamate receptors, dextromethorphan (DXM) and its metabolite, dextrorphan (DXT) decrease the intensity of opioid withdrawal syndrome. Since quinidine (QND) affects CYP2D6-mediated metabolism and P-glycoprotein governed transport, we sought to determine whether co-treatment with QND would affect brain levels of DXM and DXT as well as the effect of these compounds on opioid withdrawal syndrome in mice. We found that DXM dose dependently inhibited the intensity of opioid withdrawal syndrome and that there was a tendency for a further decrease when QND was co-administered with DXM. Administration of 30 mg/kg of DXM resulted in higher brain levels of DXM and DXT than administration of 10 mg/kg of DXM, but much lower DXT levels than that produced by 30 mg/kg of DXT. Co-treatment with QND resulted in higher brain levels of DXM (but not DXT) suggesting that QND produces an increase in the brain availability of DXM. In summary, brain levels of DXM were inversely correlated with the intensity of opioid withdrawal syndrome. QND induced increased brain levels of DXM tend to attenuate the intensity of opioid withdrawal syndrome. We suggest that it is DXM, rather than DXT, that is responsible for the attenuating effect on the intensity of opioid withdrawal syndrome, and that the beneficial action of QND on the effect of DXM should be more pronounced in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bisaga
- Division on Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gass JT, Olive MF. Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:218-65. [PMID: 17706608 PMCID: PMC2239014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic accumulation of evidence indicating that the excitatory amino acid glutamate plays an important role in drug addiction and alcoholism. The purpose of this review is to summarize findings on glutamatergic substrates of addiction, surveying data from both human and animal studies. The effects of various drugs of abuse on glutamatergic neurotransmission are discussed, as are the effects of pharmacological or genetic manipulation of various components of glutamate transmission on drug reinforcement, conditioned reward, extinction, and relapse-like behavior. In addition, glutamatergic agents that are currently in use or are undergoing testing in clinical trials for the treatment of addiction are discussed, including acamprosate, N-acetylcysteine, modafinil, topiramate, lamotrigine, gabapentin and memantine. All drugs of abuse appear to modulate glutamatergic transmission, albeit by different mechanisms, and this modulation of glutamate transmission is believed to result in long-lasting neuroplastic changes in the brain that may contribute to the perseveration of drug-seeking behavior and drug-associated memories. In general, attenuation of glutamatergic transmission reduces drug reward, reinforcement, and relapse-like behavior. On the other hand, potentiation of glutamatergic transmission appears to facilitate the extinction of drug-seeking behavior. However, attempts at identifying genetic polymorphisms in components of glutamate transmission in humans have yielded only a limited number of candidate genes that may serve as risk factors for the development of addiction. Nonetheless, manipulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission appears to be a promising avenue of research in developing improved therapeutic agents for the treatment of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Gass
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsukamoto T, Wozniak KM, Slusher BS. Progress in the discovery and development of glutamate carboxypeptidase II inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:767-76. [PMID: 17826690 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During the past 10 years, substantial progress has been made in the discovery and development of small molecule glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II) inhibitors. These inhibitors have provided the necessary tools to investigate the physiological role of GCP II as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of its inhibition in neurological disorders of glutamatergic dysregulation. This review article details key GCP II inhibitors discovered in the last decade and important findings from preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It summarizes papers published during 2005 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity, neurophysiology and transmitter release (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); immunological responses (Section 17).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|