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Effects of Hyssopus Officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extract on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Convulsive Seizures in Rat. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3792-3804. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03759-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mesquita M, Santos E, Kassuya CA, Salvador MJ. Chimarrão, terere and mate-tea in legitimate technology modes of preparation and consume: A comparative study of chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-anxiety properties of the mostly consumed beverages of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114401. [PMID: 34245836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used by South American populations for centuries and is popularly attributed to stimulating and detoxifying properties. Nowadays, their consume traditionally occurs through three different beverages: chimarrão, terere and mate-tea. AIM OF THE STUDY Although its composition and properties are well studied, literature lacks work comparing the potential of their extracts obtained by a legitimate preparation mode of their popular beverages. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate changes in chemical composition, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory efficacy and anxiolytic effect from lyophilized aqueous extracts obtained simulating the legitimate popular preparation mode of chimarrão, terere and mate-tea. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, were investigated differences related to preparation technology and dry material used through chemical composition analysis, with the lyophilized aqueous extracts obtained simulating the chimarrão, terere and mate-tea preparation. The chemical composition analysis comprises the total soluble phenolics content, chemical profiles by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and quantitative component detection by HPLC-UV/DAD. Moreover, evaluations of comparative antioxidant activity of the extracts (DPPH and ORACFL assays), anti-inflammatory efficacy and anxiolytic effect were performed in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that chimarrão extracts presented a richer composition in terms of phenolic compounds and purine alkaloids, and better antioxidant activity when compared to the other extracts. In pleurisy test, all products showed anti-inflammatory properties in the dose of 60 mg/kg. In the anxiolytic evaluation, although all extracts presented some effect, chimarrão and terere were better than mate-tea in general. No sign of toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that the beverage made as chimarrão has the best composition and the most promising properties overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mesquita
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - E Santos
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - C A Kassuya
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - M J Salvador
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Martins-Silva C, de Souza Pinho N, Ferreira GG, Aguiar RM, Ferreira TA, Pires RGW, Tizziani T, Pizzolatti MG, Santos ARS. Polygala sabulosa A.W. Bennett extract mitigates motor and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of acute ischemia. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:453-462. [PMID: 33394286 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The treatment is limited; however, the Brazilian flora has a great source of natural products with therapeutic potentials. Studies with the medicinal plant Polygala sabulosa W. Bennett provided evidence for its use as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective drug. In the case of ischemic stroke due to lack of oxygen, both acute and chronic inflammatory processes are activated. Thus, we hypothesized that P. sabulosa (HEPs) has the potential to treat the motor and cognitive deficits generated by ischemic stroke. Male mice were subjected to global ischemia for 60 min, followed by reperfusion and orally treated with HEPs (100 mg/kg in saline + 3% tween 20) twice a day (12 h apart) for 48 h starting 3 h after surgery. Motor skills were assessed using grip force and open field tasks. Hippocampi were then collected for mRNA quantification of the cytokines IL-1-β and TNF-α levels. After 48 h of acute treatment, spatial reference memory was evaluated in a Morris water maze test for another group of animals. We show that HEPs treatment significantly prevented motor weakness induced by ischemia. Brain infarct area was reduced by 22.25% with downregulation of the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA. Learning performance and memory ability on Morris water maze task were similar to the sham group. Our data demonstrates the neuroprotective properties of HEPs through its anti-inflammatory activities, which prevent motor and cognitive impairments, suggesting that HEPs may be an effective therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martins-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
| | - Natalie de Souza Pinho
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil
| | - Glenda G Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Rafael Moraes Aguiar
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour (LabNeC), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29043910, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Tamara Alarcon Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Rita G W Pires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, ES, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Pharmacology, UFES, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Mathematical Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Moacir G Pizzolatti
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Mathematical Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Mahmoudi T, Lorigooini Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Arabi M, Rabiei Z, Bijad E, Kazemi S. Effect of Curcuma zedoaria hydro-alcoholic extract on learning, memory deficits and oxidative damage of brain tissue following seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in rat. Behav Brain Funct 2020; 16:7. [PMID: 33023622 PMCID: PMC7542381 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-020-00169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that seizures can cause cognitive disorders. On the other hand, the Curcuma zedoaria (CZ) has beneficial effects on the nervous system. However, there is little information on the possible effects of the CZ extract on seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of CZ extract on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress induced by epilepsy in rats. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into different groups. In all rats (except the sham group), kindling was performed by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) at a dose of 35 mg/kg every 48 h for 14 days. Positive group received 2 mg/kg diazepam + PTZ; treatment groups received 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg CZ extract + PTZ; and one group received 0.5 mg/kg flumazenil and CZ extract + PTZ. Shuttle box and Morris Water Maze tests were used to measure memory and learning. On the last day of treatments PTZ injection was at dose of 60 mg/kg, tonic seizure threshold and mortality rate were recorded in each group. After deep anesthesia, blood was drawn from the rats' hearts and the hippocampus of all rats was removed. RESULTS Statistical analysis of the data showed that the CZ extract significantly increased the tonic seizure threshold and reduced the pentylenetetrazol-induced mortality and the extract dose of 400 mg/kg was selected as the most effective dose compared to the other doses. It was also found that flumazenil (a GABAA receptor antagonist) reduced the tonic seizure threshold compared to the effective dose of the extract. The results of shuttle box and Morris water maze behavioral tests showed that memory and learning decreased in the negative control group and the CZ extract treatment improved memory and learning in rats. The CZ extract also increased antioxidant capacity, decreased MDA and NO in the brain and serum of pre-treated groups in compared to the negative control group. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the CZ extract has beneficial effects on learning and memory impairment in PTZ-induced epilepsy model, which has been associated with antioxidant effects in the brain or possibly exerts its effects through the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touran Mahmoudi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehran Arabi
- Department of Biology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Rabiei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Elham Bijad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Zhao Z, Song H, Xie J, Liu T, Zhao X, Chen X, He X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Research progress in the biological activities of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:213-227. [PMID: 31009908 PMCID: PMC7115657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
TMCA (3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid) ester and amide are privileged structural scaffolds in drug discovery which are widely distributed in natural products and consequently produced diverse therapeutically relevant pharmacological functions. Owing to the potential of TMCA ester and amide analogues as therapeutic agents, researches on chemical syntheses and modifications have been carried out to drug-like candidates with broad range of medicinal properties such as antitumor, antiviral, CNS (central nervous system) agents, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and hematologic agents for a long time. At the same time, SAR (structure-activity relationship) studies have draw greater attention among medicinal chemists, and many of the lead compounds were derived for various disease targets. However, there is an urgent need for the medicinal chemists to further exploit the precursor in developing chemical entities with promising bioactivity and druggability. This review concisely summarizes the synthesis and biological activity for TMCA ester and amide analogues. It also comprehensively reveals the relationship of significant biological activities along with SAR studies. 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) derivatives show applications in different pathophysiological conditions due to its privileged structural scaffolds. Natural derived TMCA analogues and chemically modified TMCA ester and amide analogues and their bioactivities are focused in this review. Additionally, it also comprehensively summarized the relationship of significant biological activities along with SAR studies of synthetic TMCA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xirui He
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China; Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Sasiambarrena LD, Barri IA, Fraga GG, Bravo RD, Ponzinibbio A. Facile synthesis of 4-substituted 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-ones by reductive cyclization of 2-chloro-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)acetamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Duarte FS, Duzzioni M, Prim RL, Cardozo AM, Dos Santos CR, da Silva MG, Shiozawa MBC, Mendes BG, Tizziani T, Brighente IMC, Pizzolatti MG, de Lima TCM. Psychopharmacological effects and safety of styryl-2-pyrones and dihydrostyryl-2-pyrones-rich fraction from Polygala sabulosa: absence of withdrawal syndrome and tolerance to anxiolytic-like and anticonvulsant effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:1272-1286. [PMID: 29956326 PMCID: PMC6099234 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether mice develop tolerance to the anxiolytic‐like and anticonvulsant effects of subchronic treatment with EA (the styryl‐2‐pyrones and dihydrostyryl‐2‐pyrones‐rich fraction of Polygala sabulosa), as well as any withdrawal symptoms after abrupt discontinuation; to compare the effects of EA with those of diazepam (DZP) on withdrawal‐induced anxiety; and to evaluate the toxicity of EA according to OECD guidelines. Methods Male or female mice were acutely or subchronically treated with EA or DZP, and their tolerance to anxiolytic (evaluated in the elevated plus maze, EPM) and anticonvulsant effects (measured against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced convulsions) were investigated. Other groups received EA or DZP for 28 days followed by withdrawal, being the anxiety‐like behaviour evaluated in the EPM. Key findings Both acute and subchronic treatments with EA induced an anxiolytic effect in the EPM. The anticonvulsant activity of DZP, but not EA, was reduced by protracted treatment. EA withdrawal retained the anxiolytic profile, while DZP withdrawal induced anxiogenesis. EA counteracted the anxiogenic‐like actions of DZP withdrawal. EA has low toxicity as it did not cause any changes in the biochemical, haematological and histopathological markers. Conclusions EA avoids the development of tolerance to its anxiolytic‐like and anticonvulsant actions, and does not promote withdrawal syndrome. EA does not cause relevant toxic effects in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Silveira Duarte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Luiz Prim
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alcíbia Maia Cardozo
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Goretti da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Garcia Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Moacir Geraldo Pizzolatti
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Zhao Z, He X, Ma C, Wu S, Cuan Y, Sun Y, Bai Y, Huang L, Chen X, Gao T, Zheng X. Excavating Anticonvulsant Compounds from Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Epilepsy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:707-737. [PMID: 29737210 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and been widely used in prevention and treatment of epilepsy in China. This paper is intended to review the advances in the active anticonvulsant compounds isolated from herbs in the prescription of TCM in the treatment of epilepsy. These compounds were introduced with the details including classification, CAS number specific structure and druggability data. Meanwhile, much of the research in these compounds in the last two decades has shown that they exhibited favorable pharmacological properties in treatment of epilepsy both in in vivo and in vitro models. In addition, in this present review, the evaluation of the effects of the anticonvulsant classical TCM prescriptions is discussed. According to these rewarding pharmacological effects and chemical substances, the prescription of TCM herbs could be an effective therapeutic strategy for epilepsy patients, and also could be a promising source for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xirui He
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.,‡ Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Cuixia Ma
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ye Cuan
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Bai
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.,† College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Linhong Huang
- ‡ Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Xufei Chen
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Tian Gao
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- * Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
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Peng YQ, Fan LL, Mao FY, Zhao YS, Xu R, Yin YJ, Chen X, Wan DG, Zhang XH. Genetic diversity and population structure of a protected species: Polygala tenuifolia Willd. C R Biol 2018; 341:152-159. [PMID: 29477283 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia Willd. is an important protected species used in traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were employed to characterize the genetic diversity in wild and cultivated P. tenuifolia populations. Twelve primer combinations of AFLP produced 310 unambiguous and repetitious bands. Among these bands, 261 (84.2%) were polymorphic. The genetic diversity was high at the species level: percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL)=84.2%, Nei's gene diversity (h)=0.3296 and Shannon's information index (I)=0.4822. Between the two populations, the genetic differentiation of 0.1250 was low and the gene flow was relatively high, at 3.4989. The wild population (PPL=81.9%, h=0.3154, I=0.4635) showed a higher genetic diversity level than the cultivated population (PPL=63.9%, h=0.2507, I=0.3688). The results suggest that the major factors threatening the persistence of P. tenuifolia resources are ecological and human factors rather than genetic. These results will assist with the design of conservation and management programs, such as in natural habitat conservation, setting the excavation time interval for resource regeneration and the substitution of cultivated for wild plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qun Peng
- Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Ling Ling Fan
- Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Fu Ying Mao
- Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yun Sheng Zhao
- Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Modern Hui Chinese Medicine, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Rui Xu
- Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yu Jie Yin
- Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, 611137 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - De Guang Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, 611137 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Hui Zhang
- Ningxia Medical University Pharmacy College, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, 750004 Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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Fedotova J, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D, Shleikin AG, Caprnda M, Dragasek J, Rodrigo L, Pohanka M, Gasparova I, Nosal V, Opatrilova R, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Kruzliak P. Therapeutical strategies for anxiety and anxiety-like disorders using plant-derived natural compounds and plant extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:437-446. [PMID: 28863384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and anxiety-like disorders describe many mental disorders, yet fear is a common overwhelming symptom often leading to depression. Currently two basic strategies are discussed to treat anxiety: pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy. In the pharmacotherapeutical clinical approach, several conventional synthetic anxiolytic drugs are being used with several adverse effects. Therefore, studies to find suitable safe medicines from natural sources are being sought by researchers. The results of a plethora experimental studies demonstrated that dietary phytochemicals like alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, cinnamates, and saponins or various plant extracts with the mixture of different phytochemicals possess anxiolytic effects in a wide range of animal models of anxiety. The involved mechanisms of anxiolytics action include interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors at benzodiazepine (BZD) and non-BZD sites with various affinity to different subunits, serotonergic 5-hydrodytryptamine receptors, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems, glutamate receptors, and cannabinoid receptors. This review focuses on the use of both plant-derived natural compounds and plant extracts with anxiolytic effects, describing their biological effects and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Comparative Somnology and Neuroendocrinology, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Alexander G Shleikin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturia (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Facultpy of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Nosal
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- The Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- The Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Santos ECS, Bicca MA, Blum-Silva CH, Costa APR, Dos Santos AA, Schenkel EP, Farina M, Reginatto FH, de Lima TCM. Anxiolytic-like, stimulant and neuroprotective effects of Ilex paraguariensis extracts in mice. Neuroscience 2015; 292:13-21. [PMID: 25681522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) is the most used beverage in Latin America with approximately 426 thousand of tons consumed per year. Considering the broad use of this plant, we aimed to investigate the anxiety-like and stimulant activity of both the hydroethanolic (HE) and aqueous (AE) extracts from leaves of I. paraguariensis. Swiss mice were treated with I. paraguariensis HE or AE chronically or acutely, respectively, followed by evaluation in the elevated plus-maze (EPM; anxiety-like paradigm), open field (OF; locomotor activity) or the step-down avoidance task (memory assessment). Following behavioral protocols the brains were collected for evaluation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity ex vivo. Chronic treatment with HE induced an anxiolytic-like effect and increased motor activity besides augmented AChE activity. Additionally, acute treatment with AE prevented the scopolamine-induced memory deficit in the step-down avoidance task. Overall, our results indicate the importance of the I. paraguariensis-induced CNS effects, since it is a widely used nutraceutical. We have reported anxiolytic, stimulant and neuroprotective effects for this plant species. These effects are potentially modulated by the cholinergic system as well as by caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C S Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - M A Bicca
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - C H Blum-Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A P R Costa
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A A Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - E P Schenkel
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - M Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - F H Reginatto
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - T C M de Lima
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88049-970 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Estrada MH, Insuasty H, Cuca LE, Marder M, Fierro A, Guerrero MF. Anticonvulsant profile of 2-ethylthio-7-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502011000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work evaluates the central nervous effects in ICR strain mice of 2-ethylthio-7-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine (MH4b1), a compound obtained by an efficient one-step reaction of S,S-diethyl 4-methylbenzoylimidodithiocarbonate with 5-amino-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole, in order to assess its neuro-pharmacological profile. The tests applied were: maximal electroshock seizure (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizures, forced swimming, plus maze, marble burying, sleeping time, rota-rod and catalepsy. In addition, MH4b1 binding to the benzodiazepine site of the GABA-A receptor and MH4b1 inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) subtypes A and B were evaluated. MH4b1 showed anticonvulsant effects in a dose dependent manner (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.) against MES and inhibition of MAO-B (IC50: 24.5 µM) without activity at the benzodiazepine site. These data suggest that MH4b1 has anticonvulsant properties related to MAO-B inhibition.
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Asadi-Shekaari M, Eslami A, Kalantaripour T, Joukar S. Potential mechanisms involved in the anticonvulsant effect of walnut extract on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure. Med Princ Pract 2014; 23:538-42. [PMID: 25196480 PMCID: PMC5586938 DOI: 10.1159/000365759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was the aim of this study to determine the potential effect of walnut kernel extract (WKE) on experimentally induced seizures in rats and to evaluate the role of benzodiazepines and ethosuximide (ESM) within these pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were selected and divided into eight groups. Seizures were evoked by intravenous infusion of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 2 mg/ml/min). In combination with PTZ, animals were treated with vehicle or WKE (100 mg/kg i.p.), with or without cotreatment with either flumazenil (FMZ; 5 mg/kg i.p.), ESM (150 mg/kg i.p.) or diazepam (DPZ; 0.5 mg/kg i.p.). RESULTS WKE administration significantly increased the PTZ dose needed to induce the first myoclonic jerk (13.09 ± 1.29 vs. 49.71 ± 12.03 mg/kg; p < 0.001), decreased the severity of seizure grades and reduced the mortality rate to 0%. FMZ did not significantly reduce the anticonvulsant effect of WKE. The combination of DPZ and WKE showed a synergic anticonvulsant effect, whereas ESM had no significant influence (p > 0.05) on the WKE effects. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that WKE was effective at reducing seizure severity, at increasing the dose to the first myoclonic jerk and highly efficacious at preventing mortality, because 100% of animals were protected. It seems that this positive effect could apply through signaling pathways other than benzodiazepine-mediated γ-aminobutyric acid receptors and may at least in part be similar to ESM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azam Eslami
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | | | - Siyavash Joukar
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- *Siyavash Joukar, PhD, Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology and Department of, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 7616914115, Kerman 761 (Iran), E-Mail jokar @ kmu.ac.ir or
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Hoeller AA, Duzzioni M, Duarte FS, Leme LR, Costa APR, Santos ECDS, de Pieri CH, dos Santos AA, Naime AA, Farina M, de Lima TCM. GABA-A receptor modulators alter emotionality and hippocampal theta rhythm in an animal model of long-lasting anxiety. Brain Res 2013; 1532:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chioca LR, Ferro MM, Baretta IP, Oliveira SM, Silva CR, Ferreira J, Losso EM, Andreatini R. Anxiolytic-like effect of lavender essential oil inhalation in mice: participation of serotonergic but not GABAA/benzodiazepine neurotransmission. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:412-418. [PMID: 23524167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) inhalation has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of anxiety, and clinical and animal studies have corroborated its anxiolytic effect, although its mechanism of action is still not fully understood. AIMS OF THE STUDY The objective of the present study was to determine whether the GABAA/benzodiazepine complex or serotonin neurotransmission mediates the anxiolytic-like effect of lavender essential oil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Swiss mice were subjected to the marble-burying test after being exposed to the aroma of lavender essential oil (1-5%), amyl acetate (5%; used as a behaviorally neutral odor), or distilled water for 15 min via inhalation. Additionally, the effect of 5% lavender essential oil was also evaluated in mice subjected to the elevated plus maze. GABAA/benzodiazepine mediation was evaluated by pretreating the mice with the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin before the marble burying test and [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding to the benzodiazepine site on the GABAA receptor. Serotonergic mediation was studied by pretreating the mice with O-methyl-[3H]-N-(2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydrochloride (WAY100635), a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist before the marble burying test. We also evaluated changes in the pharmacologically induced serotonin syndrome and the effects of combined administration of subeffective doses of lavender essential oil and the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). RESULTS Lavender essential oil (1-5%) decreased the number of marbles buried compared with the control and amyl acetate groups. In the elevated plus maze, 5% lavender essential oil inhalation increased the percentage of time spent on and number of entries into the open arms compared with controls. No effect was seen in the number of closed arm entries or number of beam interruptions in the automated activity chamber. Pretreatment with the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin (0.5mg/kg) did not modify the behavioral effect of 5% lavender essential oil in the marble-burying test. Lavender essential oil also did not alter [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding to the benzodiazepine site on the GABAA receptor. Pretreatment with the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (3mg/kg) blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of lavender essential oil and the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (3mg/kg). A combination of ineffective doses of 8-OH-DPAT (0.5mg/kg) and lavender essential oil (0.1%) reduced the number of marbles buried. Finally, 5% lavender essential oil attenuated the serotonin syndrome induced by 40 mg/kg fluoxetine plus 80 mg/kg 5-hydroxytryptophan. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate an important role for the serotonergic system in the anxiolytic-like effect of lavender essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea R Chioca
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR 81540-990, Brazil.
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Duarte FS, Duzzioni M, Hoeller AA, Silva NM, Ern AL, Piermartiri TC, Tasca CI, Gavioli EC, Lemos T, Carobrez AP, De Lima TCM. Anxiogenic-like profile of Wistar adult rats based on the pilocarpine model: an animal model for trait anxiety? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 227:209-19. [PMID: 23274504 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is extensive evidence indicating the influence of seizures on emotional responses observed in human and animals, but so far few studies are focusing on the behavioral profile of animals that do not have seizures despite being treated with convulsant agents. OBJECTIVES We aimed to establish the behavioral profile, biochemical, and electrographic features of rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy METHODS Rats treated with pilocarpine (20 to 350 mg/kg, i.p.) that did not develop status epilepticus or spontaneous recurrent seizures were evaluated 1 month later in the elevated plus maze (EPM), T-maze (ETM), open-field (OF), and step-down avoidance tests. Electroencephalographic (EEG), glutamate uptake, and hippocampal neuronal death assays were also performed RESULTS Pilocarpine (150 or 350 mg/kg) promoted anxiogenic-like effects in rats evaluated in the EPM, ETM, and OF tests, whereas only the highest dose evoked spike-wave discharges during EEG recordings. Hippocampal theta rhythm was increased by pilocarpine 150 or 350 mg/kg and only the highest dose reduced the L-[(3)H]-glutamate uptake and cell viability on hippocampal slices. CONCLUSIONS Subconvulsant doses of pilocarpine promote long-lasting alterations on neural circuitry, reflected by an increased theta activity in the hippocampus and an anxiety-like profile of rats evaluated 1 month after the treatment which is independent of seizure occurrence and is not related to changes in glutamate uptake or hippocampal damage. These results prompt us to suggest that a systemic administration of subconvulsant doses of pilocarpine could be useful as a new tool to model trait anxiety in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe S Duarte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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Wang YL, Shi JL, Yong L, Ren Z, Zhai YJ, Guo JY. Anxiolytic-like effects of compound zhi zhu xiang in rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:701289. [PMID: 22690249 PMCID: PMC3368380 DOI: 10.1155/2012/701289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether compound zhi zhu xiang (CZZX) exerts anxiolytic-like effects in rats. The animals were orally administered CZZX (0.75, 1.5, and 3 g/kg daily) for 10 days and tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM), Vogel conflict test (VCT), and open field. Repeated treatment with CZZX (3 g/kg/day, p.o.) significantly increased the percentage of both entries into and time spent on the open arms of the EPM compared with saline controls. In the VCT, repeated treatment with CZZX (1.5 and 3 g/kg/day, p.o.) significantly increased the number of punished licks. The drug did not change the total entries into the open arms of the EPM or interfere with water consumption or nociceptive threshold, discarding potential confounding factors in the two tests. In the open field, locomotion was not reduced, discarding the possible sedative effect of CZZX. In the binding assay, the binding of [(3)H] Ro 15-1788 (flumazenil) to the benzodiazepine binding site in washed crude synaptosomal membranes from rat cerebral cortex was affected by CZZX. These data indicate an anxiolytic-like profile of action for CZZX without sedative side effects, and this activity may be mediated by benzodiazepine binding site modulation at γ-aminobutyric acid-A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jin-Li Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Liu Yong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhao Ren
- Pharmaceutical Factory, Yunnan Institute of Material Medical, Yunnan 650111, China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jian-You Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Soldi C, Moro AV, Pizzolatti MG, Correia CRD. Heck-Matsuda Arylation as a Strategy to Access Kavalactones Isolated from Polygala sabulosa, Piper methysticum, and Analogues. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Baretta IP, Felizardo RA, Bimbato VF, dos Santos MGJ, Kassuya CAL, Gasparotto Junior A, da Silva CR, de Oliveira SM, Ferreira J, Andreatini R. Anxiolytic-like effects of acute and chronic treatment with Achillea millefolium L. extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:46-54. [PMID: 22155391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), known as yarrow ("mil folhas"), has been used as folk medicine for gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, anxiety, and insomnia. AIM To evaluate the potential anxiolytic-like effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium L. in animal models. METHODS The present study evaluated the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Achillea millefolium L. in mice subjected to the elevated plus-maze, marble-burying, and open-field tests. Additionally, the GABA(A)/benzodiazepine (BDZ) mediation of the effects of Achillea millefolium was evaluated by pretreatment with the noncompetitive GABA(A) receptor antagonist picrotoxin and the BDZ antagonist flumazenil and by [(3)H]-flunitrazepam binding to the BDZ site on the GABA(A) receptor. RESULTS Achillea millefolium exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus-maze and marble-burying test after acute and chronic (25 days) administration at doses that did not alter locomotor activity. This behavioral profile was similar to diazepam. The effects of Achillea millefolium in the elevated plus-maze were not altered by picrotoxin pretreatment but were partially blocked by flumazenil. Furthermore, Achillea millefolium did not induce any changes in [(3)H]-flunitrazepam binding. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the orally administered hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium L. exerted anxiolytic-like effects that likely were not mediated by GABA(A)/BDZ neurotransmission and did not present tolerance after short-term, repeated administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irinéia Paulina Baretta
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Médicas e da Saúde - Farmacologia, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil.
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Klein Júnior LC, Faloni de Andrade S, Filho VC. A Pharmacognostic Approach to the Polygala Genus: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:181-209. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bettio LEB, Machado DG, Cunha MP, Capra JC, Missau FC, Santos ARS, Pizzolatti MG, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like effect of extract from Polygala paniculata: involvement of the monoaminergic systems. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:1277-1285. [PMID: 22077163 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.621958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polygala paniculata Linnaeus (Polygalaceae) has shown neuroprotective effects, but there is no report about its antidepressant potential. OBJECTIVE The antidepressant-like effect of the hydroalcoholic extract from P. paniculata and some of the possible mechanisms involved in this effect were investigated in forced swimming test (FST). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice received extract by oral route and were submitted to FST and open-field test. Animals were forced to swim and the total immobility time was registered (6-min period). A reduction in the immobility time is considered an antidepressant-like effect. In order to investigate the involvement of the monoaminergic systems, mice were treated with pharmacological antagonists before administration of the extract. RESULTS The acute administration of the hydroalcoholic extract from P. paniculata produced an antidepressant-like effect, since it significantly reduced the immobility time in FST (0.01-30 mg/kg) as compared to control group, without changing locomotor activity. Pretreatment of mice with yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p., α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist), propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.p., β-adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg, s.c., dopamine D₁ receptor antagonist) or sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p., dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist) prevented the antidepressant-like effect of the extract in FST (30 mg/kg). Moreover, ketanserin (5 mg/kg, i.p., preferential 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist) enhanced the effect of the extract in FST. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that the extract from P. paniculata has an antidepressant-like action that is likely mediated by an interaction with the serotonergic (5-HT2A receptors), noradrenergic (α₂ and β-receptor) and dopaminergic (D₁ and D₂ receptors) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E B Bettio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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Johann S, Mendes BG, Missau FC, de Resende MA, Pizzolatti MG. Antifungal activity of five species of Polygala. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1065-75. [PMID: 24031724 PMCID: PMC3768791 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110003000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude extracts and fractions of five species of Polygala - P. campestris, P. cyparissias, P. paniculata, P. pulchella and P. sabulosa - were investigated for their in vitro antifungal activity against opportunistic Candida species, Cryptococcus gattii and Sporothrix schenckii with bioautographic and microdilution assays. In the bioautographic assays, the major extracts were active against the fungi tested. In the minimal concentration inhibitory (MIC) assay, the hexane extract of P. paniculata and EtOAc fraction of P. sabulosa showed the best antifungal activity, with MIC values of 60 and 30 μg/mL, respectively, against C. tropicalis, C. gattii and S. schenckii. The compounds isolated from P. sabulosa prenyloxycoumarin and 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexanehexol displayed antifungal activity against S. schenckii (with MICs of 125 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL, respectively) and C. gattii (both with MICs of 250 μg/mL). Rutin and aurapten isolated from P. paniculata showed antifungal activity against C. gattii with MIC values of 60 and 250 μg/mL, respectively. In the antifungal screening, few of the isolated compounds showed good antifungal inhibition. The compound α-spinasterol showed broad activity against the species tested, while rutin had the best activity with the lowest MIC values for the microorganisms tested. These two compounds may be chemically modified by the introduction of a substitute group that would alter several physico-chemical properties of the molecule, such as hydrophobicity, electronic density and steric strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Johann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, MG , Brasil
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de Carvalho RSM, Duarte FS, de Lima TCM. Involvement of GABAergic non-benzodiazepine sites in the anxiolytic-like and sedative effects of the flavonoid baicalein in mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 221:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Duarte FS, Gavioli EC, Duzzioni M, Hoeller AA, Canteras NS, De Lima TCM. Short- and long-term anxiogenic effects induced by a single injection of subconvulsant doses of pilocarpine in rats: investigation of the putative role of hippocampal pathways. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 212:653-61. [PMID: 20803001 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Behavioral consequences of convulsive episodes are well documented, but less attention was paid to changes that occur in response to subconvulsant doses of drugs. OBJECTIVES We investigated short- and long-term effects of a single systemic injection of a subconvulsant dose of pilocarpine on the behavior of rats as evaluated in the elevated plus maze. METHODS AND RESULTS Pilocarpine induced an anxiogenic-like profile 24 h later, and this effect persisted for up to 3 months (% of time spent on open arms at 24 h, control = 35.47 ± 3.23; pilocarpine 150 = 8.2 ± 2.6; 3 months, control = 31.9 ± 5.5; pilocarpine 150 = 9.3 ± 4.9). Temporary inactivation of fimbria-fornix with lidocaine 4% promoted an anxiolytic-like effect per se, suggesting a tonic control of this pathway on the modulation of anxiety-related behaviors. Lidocaine also reduced the anxiogenic-like profile of animals tested 1 month after pilocarpine treatment (% of time spent on open arms, saline + phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) = 31.7 + 3.7; saline + lidocaine = 54.4 + 4.7; pilocarpine + PBS = 10.3 + 4.1; pilocarpine + lidocaine = 40.1 + 9.1). To determine whether the anxiogenic-like effect was mediated by septal region or by direct hippocampal projections to the diencephalon, the neural transmission of post-commissural fornix was blocked, and a similar reduction in the anxiogenic-like effect of pilocarpine was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a single systemic injection of pilocarpine may induce long-lasting anxiogenic-like behavior in rats, an effect that appears to be mediated, in part, through a direct path from hippocampus to medial hypothalamic sites involved in fear responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Silveira Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Capra JC, Cunha MP, Machado DG, Zomkowski AD, Mendes BG, Santos ARS, Pizzolatti MG, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like effect of scopoletin, a coumarin isolated from Polygala sabulosa (Polygalaceae) in mice: Evidence for the involvement of monoaminergic systems. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 643:232-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Effects of environmental enrichment on sensitivity to cocaine in female rats: importance of control rates of behavior. Behav Pharmacol 2009; 20:312-21. [PMID: 19584714 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e32832ec568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment produces functional changes in mesolimbic dopamine transmission and alters sensitivity to psychomotor stimulants. These manipulations also alter the control rate of many behaviors that are sensitive to stimulant administration, which can make comparison of drug effects between isolated and enriched subjects difficult. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of environmental enrichment on control rates of behavior and on sensitivity to cocaine in tests of locomotor activity, drug self-administration, conditioned place preference, and toxicity. In the locomotor activity test, isolated rats exhibited greater activity after the administration of cocaine, but also had higher control rates of activity. When locomotor activity was expressed as a percentage of saline control values, enriched rats exhibited a greater increase relative to their own control than isolated rats. In the drug self-administration procedure, isolated rats had higher breakpoints on a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement when responding was maintained by cocaine; however, isolated rats also had higher breakpoints in saline substitution tests and higher rates of inactive lever responding. When the self-administration data were expressed as a percentage of these control values, enriched rats exhibited a greater increase in responding relative to their own control rates than isolated rats. No differences were observed between isolated and enriched rats under control conditions in the place preference and toxicity studies. In both of these procedures, enriched rats were more sensitive than isolated rats to all the doses of cocaine tested. These data emphasize the importance of considering control rates of behavior in studies examining environmental enrichment and drug sensitivity, and suggest that environmental enrichment increases sensitivity to cocaine across a range of dependent measures when differences in control rates of behavior are taken into account.
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