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Prasertsri P, Sinnitithavorn K, Raroengjai C, Phichayaworawit R, Taweekarn P, Vannajak K, Booranasuksakul U. Immediate effects of passion fruit juice supplementation on working ability and attention in healthy participants. Curr Res Physiol 2024; 7:100120. [PMID: 38420135 PMCID: PMC10899059 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2024.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a single consumption of passion fruit juice (PFJ) on working ability and attention. It included 14 healthy participants aged 20-30 years. Participants randomly consumed either placebo or 50% PFJ at 3.5 mL/kg body mass. Each intervention was divided into two phases (before and after consumption). Before consumption, the participants underwent blood glucose, blood pressure, and heart rate examinations. Then, working ability and attention were evaluated. Thereafter, the blood glucose, blood pressure, and heart rate were repeatedly examined. Next, the participants completed consumption. After consumption, the participants underwent the same experiments performed before consumption. The total working ability scores after consumption were significantly high in both interventions (P < 0.05). However, PFJ intervention had a significantly higher working ability at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min than placebo intervention (P < 0.05). Moreover, PFJ intervention had greater increases in attention than placebo intervention. There were no significant differences in attention between two interventions. The blood glucose levels were significantly lower in PFJ intervention than in placebo intervention both before the working ability test and after the attention test (P < 0.05). A single consumption of PFJ improved working ability in healthy participants. This may be enhanced by improving attentional focus and maintaining postprandial blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapong Prasertsri
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
- Exercise and Nutrition Innovation and Sciences Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | | | - Chonlakan Raroengjai
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | | | - Pimonpan Taweekarn
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
- Exercise and Nutrition Innovation and Sciences Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Kunavut Vannajak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
- Exercise and Nutrition Innovation and Sciences Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Uraiporn Booranasuksakul
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
- Exercise and Nutrition Innovation and Sciences Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
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Gillespie KM, White MJ, Kemps E, Moore H, Dymond A, Bartlett SE. The Impact of Free and Added Sugars on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 16:75. [PMID: 38201905 PMCID: PMC10780393 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A relationship between excessive sugar consumption and cognitive function has been described in animal models, but the specific effects of sugars in humans remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the current knowledge, research characteristics, and quality of evidence of studies investigating the impacts of free and added sugars on human cognition in healthy participants. The review identified 77 studies (65 experimental trials, n = 3831; 9 cross-sectional studies, n = 11,456; and 3 cohort studies, n = 2059). All cohort studies and eight of the nine cross-sectional studies found significant positive correlations between added sugar consumption and risk of cognitive impairment. Four studies identified reduced risk of cognitive impairment associated with natural fructose-containing foods. The majority of randomised control trials assessed short-term glucose facilitation effects on cognitive outcomes. The results from these studies suggest the need for a tightly regulated blood glucose level, dependent on individualised physiological factors, for optimal cognitive function. A meta-analysis of a subset of studies that assessed the impact of glucose on recall found improvements in immediate free recall compared to controls (p = 0.002). The findings highlight the potentially detrimental effect of excessive, long-term, or prenatal added sugar consumption on cognitive function. Further research is needed to examine the specific effects of free and added sugars on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri M. Gillespie
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia;
| | - Melanie J. White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia;
| | - Eva Kemps
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Halim Moore
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63170 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Alexander Dymond
- Mental Health and Specialist Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia;
| | - Selena E. Bartlett
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia;
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Li Y, Xie C, Yang Y, Liu C, Du Y, Hu W. The role of daydreaming and creative thinking in the relationship between inattention and real-life creativity: A test of multiple mediation model. THINKING SKILLS AND CREATIVITY 2022; 46:101181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
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Belardi A, Chaieb L, Rey-Mermet A, Mormann F, Rothen N, Fell J, Reber TP. On the relationship between mind wandering and mindfulness. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7755. [PMID: 35546599 PMCID: PMC9095883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind wandering (MW) and mindfulness have both been reported to be vital moderators of psychological wellbeing. Here, we aim to examine how closely associated these phenomena are and evaluate the psychometrics of measures often used to quantify them. We investigated two samples, one consisting of German-speaking unpaid participants (GUP, n [Formula: see text] 313) and one of English-speaking paid participants (EPP, n [Formula: see text] 228) recruited through MTurk.com. In an online experiment, we collected data using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the sustained attention to response task (SART) during which self-reports of MW and meta-awareness of MW were recorded using experience sampling (ES) probes. Internal consistency of the MAAS was high (Cronbachs [Formula: see text] of 0.96 in EPP and 0.88 in GUP). Split-half reliability for SART measures and self-reported MW was overall good with the exception of SART measures focusing on Nogo trials, and those restricted to SART trials preceding ES in a 10 s time window. We found a moderate negative association between trait mindfulness and MW as measured with ES probes in GUP, but not in EPP. Our results suggest that MW and mindfulness are on opposite sides of a spectrum of how attention is focused on the present moment and the task at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Belardi
- Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance Suisse, 3900, Brig, Switzerland.
| | - Leila Chaieb
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Florian Mormann
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rothen
- Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance Suisse, 3900, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas P Reber
- Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance Suisse, 3900, Brig, Switzerland.,Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Murray S, Krasich K, Schooler JW, Seli P. What's in a Task? Complications in the Study of the Task-Unrelated-Thought Variety of Mind Wandering. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 15:572-588. [PMID: 32049592 DOI: 10.1177/1745691619897966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of studies examining mind wandering has increased considerably, and research on the topic has spread widely across various domains of psychological research. Athough the term mind wandering has been used to refer to various cognitive states, researchers typically operationalize mind wandering in terms of task-unrelated thought (TUT). Research on TUT has shed light on the various task features that require people's attention and on the consequences of task inattention. Important methodological and conceptual complications do persist, however, in current investigations of TUT. We argue that these complications may be dampening the development of a more nuanced scientific account of TUT. In this article, we outline three of the more prominent methodological and conceptual complications in the literature on TUT and discuss potential directions for researchers to take as they move forward in their investigations of TUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Murray
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
| | | | - Jonathan W Schooler
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Paul Seli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University
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The disentanglement of the neural and experiential complexity of self-generated thoughts: A users guide to combining experience sampling with neuroimaging data. Neuroimage 2019; 192:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Shrimpton D, McGann D, Riby LM. Daydream Believer: Rumination, Self-Reflection and the Temporal Focus of Mind Wandering Content. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 13:794-809. [PMID: 29358989 PMCID: PMC5763464 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v13i4.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Current research into mind-wandering is beginning to acknowledge that this process is one of heterogeneity. Following on from previous findings highlighting the role of self-focus during mind wandering, the present study aimed to examine individual differences in rumination and self-reflection and the impact such styles of self-focus may have on mind-wandering experiences. Thirty-three participants were required to complete the Sustained Attention Response Task (SART), aimed at inducing mind-wandering episodes, whilst also probing the content of thought in terms of temporal focus. Self-report questionnaires were also administered after the SART to measure dispositional differences in style and beliefs regarding mind-wandering and assessments of individual differences in rumination and self-reflection. Those individuals with reflective self-focus showed a strong positive association with positive and constructive thoughts. Critically, ruminative self-focus was positively associated with a tendency for the mind to wander towards anguished fantasies, failures and aggression, but it was also positively associated with positive and constructive thoughts. Furthermore, while dispositional differences in self-focus showed no relationship with the temporal perspective of thoughts when probed during a cognitive task, performance on the task itself was related to whether participants were thinking about the past, present or future during that activity. Such findings are discussed in line with previous research, and provide a further step towards accounting for the heterogeneous nature of mind-wandering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Shrimpton
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah McGann
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh M Riby
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Vadillo MA, Gold N, Osman M. The Bitter Truth About Sugar and Willpower. Psychol Sci 2016; 27:1207-14. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797616654911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Vadillo
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King’s College London
| | | | - Magda Osman
- Biological and Experimental Psychology Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London
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Wilson KM, Finkbeiner KM, de Joux NR, Russell PN, Helton WS. Go-stimuli proportion influences response strategy in a sustained attention to response task. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2989-98. [PMID: 27329605 PMCID: PMC5025487 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The sustained attention to response task (SART) usefulness as a measure of sustained attention has been questioned. The SART may instead be a better measure of other psychological processes and could prove useful in understanding some real-world behaviours. Thirty participants completed four Go/No-Go response tasks much like the SART, with Go-stimuli proportions of .50, .65, .80 and .95. As Go-stimuli proportion increased, reaction times decreased while both commission errors and self-reported task-related thoughts increased. Performance measures were associated with task-related thoughts but not task-unrelated thoughts. Instead of faster reaction times and increased commission errors being due to absentmindedness or perceptual decoupling from the task, the results suggested participants made use of two competing response strategies, in line with a response strategy or response inhibition perspective of SART performance. Interestingly, performance measures changed in a nonlinear manner, despite the linear Go proportion increase. A threshold may exist where the prepotent motor response becomes more pronounced, leading to the disproportionate increase in response speed and commission errors. This research has implications for researchers looking to employ the SART and for more applied contexts where the consequences of response inhibition failures can be serious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,The Applied Cognition and Cognitive Engineering Group, Department of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
| | - Kristin M Finkbeiner
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Neil R de Joux
- Human Factors Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul N Russell
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - William S Helton
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
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