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The development of behavioral sensitization induced by a single morphine exposure in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110456. [PMID: 34662694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggest that behavioral sensitization is involved in the process of drug addiction. Zebrafish are sensitive to a variety of addictive drugs and are thus suitable for the study of behavioral sensitization. However, in contrast to mature rodent models of behavioral sensitization, how this phenomenon manifests in aquatic organisms, especially zebrafish, is largely unknown. In this study, we developed a morphine-induced behavioral sensitization adult zebrafish model and performed a preliminary investigation of the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Behavioral sensitization was established in zebrafish by observing their behavior after treatment and challenge with morphine. The effect of morphine was evaluated by a behavioral locomotor test. Different doses of morphine and withdrawal times were used to evaluate the establishment of the behavioral sensitization model. RESULTS Hyperlocomotion was induced after administration of morphine in adult zebrafish. After withdrawing the drug for a period, challenge with low-dose morphine evoked behavioral sensitization in zebrafish acutely pre-treated with morphine. Low-dose morphine failed to induce behavioral sensitization in zebrafish if the withdrawal time was less than 5 days or more than 7 days. Morphine induced behavioral sensitization in zebrafish may involve dopaminergic, glutamatergic and opioid systems. CONCLUSION A single low-dose of morphine could induce behavioral sensitization in zebrafish acutely pre-treated with morphine, and this phenomenon was highly correlated with drug dose and withdrawal time. These findings suggest that zebrafish is a suitable model for the study of behavioral sensitization.
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Effect of heat shock protein 70 modulators on the development of morphine analgesic tolerance in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:179-185. [PMID: 31770112 PMCID: PMC7077967 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of opioid analgesics, such as morphine, is limited by analgesic tolerance, molecular mechanism of which is not well understood. Recently, molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has been demonstrated to play important roles in morphine-induced neuroadaptation. Here, we focused on the involvement of Hsp70 in the development of analgesic tolerance to morphine. Rats were treated with morphine (5, 10, 20 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or saline once daily for 10 consecutive days. Hsp70 modulator N-formyl-3, 4-methylenedioxybenzylidine-γ-butyrolactam [KNK437, 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)], geranylgeranylacetone (500 mg/kg, i.p.) or pifithrin-μ (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered before morphine (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously)/saline treatment. Analgesic effect of morphine was measured using the tail-flick latency test, and Hsp70 protein expression was examined by western blot. Analgesic effect of morphine decreased gradually with the increase in the number of days of morphine injection, indicating development of analgesic tolerance. A significant increase of Hsp70 expression in the periaqueductal gray was observed during the development of analgesic tolerance after repeated morphine injections. The development of morphine analgesic tolerance was suppressed by pre-treatment with Hsp70 transcriptional inhibitor KNK437 or functional antagonist pifithrin-μ, while promoted by pre-treatment with Hsp70 transcriptional inducer geranylgeranylacetone. Our results demonstrated that the development of morphine analgesic tolerance was dual regulated by Hsp70 modulators, suggesting Hsp70 as an interesting and new target for preventing the development of opioid analgesic tolerance.
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Interruption of continuous opioid exposure exacerbates drug-evoked adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1781-1792. [PMID: 32079024 PMCID: PMC7608117 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug-evoked adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine system are postulated to drive opioid abuse and addiction. These adaptations vary in magnitude and direction following different patterns of opioid exposure, but few studies have systematically manipulated the pattern of opioid administration while measuring neurobiological and behavioral impact. We exposed male and female mice to morphine for one week, with administration patterns that were either intermittent (daily injections) or continuous (osmotic minipump infusion). We then interrupted continuous morphine exposure with either naloxone-precipitated or spontaneous withdrawal. Continuous morphine exposure caused tolerance to the psychomotor-activating effects of morphine, whereas both intermittent and interrupted morphine exposure caused long-lasting psychomotor sensitization. Given links between locomotor sensitization and mesolimbic dopamine signaling, we used fiber photometry and a genetically encoded dopamine sensor to conduct longitudinal measurements of dopamine dynamics in the nucleus accumbens. Locomotor sensitization caused by interrupted morphine exposure was accompanied by enhanced dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens. To further assess downstream consequences on striatal gene expression, we used next-generation RNA sequencing to perform genome-wide transcriptional profiling in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum. The interruption of continuous morphine exposure exacerbated drug-evoked transcriptional changes in both nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum, dramatically increasing differential gene expression and engaging unique signaling pathways. Our study indicates that opioid-evoked adaptations in brain function and behavior are critically dependent on the pattern of drug administration, and exacerbated by interruption of continuous exposure. Maintaining continuity of chronic opioid administration may, therefore, represent a strategy to minimize iatrogenic effects on brain reward circuits.
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Oberhofer J, Noori HR. Quantitative evaluation of cue-induced reinstatement model for evidence-based experimental optimization. Addict Biol 2019; 24:218-227. [PMID: 29239088 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cue-induced reinstatement is a widely used model for investigating relapse of reward-seeking behavior with high face validity in relation to clinical observations. Yet, face validity is not sufficient to evaluate an animal model, and quantitative, evidence-based analysis is required to estimate the ultimate applicability of this paradigm. Furthermore, such analysis would allow an accurate and reproducible design of future experiments. Here, we conducted meta-analysis and cluster analysis to characterize the impact of cue type (visual, auditory, olfactory or combinations thereof), intensity (e.g. light frequency, sound volume and odor concentration), reward type (e.g. different drugs of abuse, sucrose and food pellets) and model parameters (e.g. housing condition, age, gender and strain of animals) on reinstatement levels. We selected 184 publications for meta-analysis based on inclusion criteria with a total number of 3889 rats. Our analysis suggested that the exact level of reinstatement depends on neither cue type, nor intensity nor on the type of reward. While all cues induced reinstatement to reward-seeking behavior, it is the model parameters, in particular, the housing conditions, age and strain, that defined the final reinstatement levels. In particular, single-housed, adolescent, Wistar or Lister Hooded rats showed significantly higher reinstatement than adult, Sparague-Dawley rats housed in groups. Our findings suggest that model parameters (for example, single housing) evoke stress-induced behaviors that affect reinstatement more than cue/reward factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Oberhofer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hamid R. Noori
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
- Neuronal Convergence Group; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tübingen Germany
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Trombin TF, Procópio-Souza R, Kameda SR, Zanlorenci LHF, Fukushiro DF, Calzavara MB, Wuo-Silva R, Mári-Kawamoto E, Costa JM, Zanier-Gomes PH, Ribeiro LTC, Frussa-Filho R. Environmental novelty modulates the induction and expression of single injection-induced behavioral sensitization to morphine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 173:90-95. [PMID: 30031027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Opioid addiction is a growing public health problem, being currently considered an epidemic in the United States. Investigating the behavioral effects of opioids and the factors influencing their development becomes of major importance. In animals, the effects of drugs of abuse can be assessed using the behavioral sensitization model, which shares similar neuronal substrates with drug craving in humans. Importantly, novelty plays a critical role on the development of behavioral sensitization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a new environment on both the induction and expression phases of morphine (Mor)-induced behavioral sensitization in the two-injection protocol. Mice were initially treated with saline, 15 or 30 mg/kg Mor (induction phase), and subsequently challenged 7 days later with 15 mg/Kg Mor (expression phase). Locomotor frequency was evaluated during behavioral sessions, performed as follow: induction session on a novel environment and expression on a familiar open-filed apparatus; induction session on animals' home-cage (familiar environment) and expression session on an unknown open-filed apparatus; both sessions on novel environments; and both sessions on familiar contexts. Mor-induced behavioral sensitization was only observed when animals were exclusively exposed to novelty during the induction phase, not being observed when both the induction and expression sessions were performed on similar (novel or familiar) environments. Our results suggest that the development of behavioral sensitization to Mor depends on the exposure to novelty during the induction phase and absence of novelty during the expression phase, indicating a complex relationship between novelty and Mor-induced behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís F Trombin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Master's Degree Program in Health and Animal Welfare, Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, Av. Santo Amaro, 1239, 04505-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Procópio-Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Regina Kameda
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Fukue Fukushiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bendlin Calzavara
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael Wuo-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mári-Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Menezes Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Frussa-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu, 862, 04023062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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