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Lai SK, Lim CC. Neutral gold clusters studied by the isothermal Brownian-type molecular dynamics and metadynamics molecular dynamics simulations. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:310-325. [PMID: 33336370 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The DFTB theory was combined with the isothermal Brownian-type molecular dynamics (MD) and metadynamics molecular dynamics (MMD) algorithms to perform simulation studies for Au clusters. Two representative DFTB parametrizations were investigated. In one parametrization, the DFTB-A, the Slater-Koster parameters in the DFTB energy function were determined focusing on the ionic repulsive energy part, Erep and the other, the DFTB-B, due attention was paid to the electronic band-structure energy part, Eband . Minimized structures of these two parametrizations were separately applied in MD and MMD simulations to generate unbiased and biased trajectories in collective variable (CV) space, respectively. Here, we found the MD simulations monitored at 300 K manifest fluxional characteristics in planar cluster Au9 /DFTB-A, but give no discernible tracts of fluxionality for planar Au8 /DFTB-A and Au8 /DFTB-B, for nonplanar Au10 /DFTB-A and, to some extent, for nonplanar Au9 /DFTB-B; they are plausibly being hindered by higher-than kB T energy barriers. Very recent FIR-MPD spectroscopy measurements, however, were reported to have detected at 300 K both the planar and nonplanar neutral Aun clusters in the size range 5 ≤ n ≤ 13. The failure of MD simulations has prompted us to apply the MMD simulation and construct the free energy landscape (FEL) in CV space. Through scrutinizing the FELs of these clusters and their associated structures, we examine the relative importance of Erep /DFTB-A and Eband /DFTB-B in unraveling the covalent-like behavior of valence electrons in Aun . Most important of all, we shall evaluate the DFTB parametrization in MMD strategy through comparing extensively the simulation data recorded with the gas-phase experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Kiong Lai
- Complex Liquids Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Central University, Chungli, 320, Taiwan
| | - Chong Chiat Lim
- Complex Liquids Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Central University, Chungli, 320, Taiwan
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Barabás J, Vanbuel J, Ferrari P, Janssens E, Höltzl T. Non-covalent Interactions and Charge Transfer between Propene and Neutral Yttrium-Doped and Pure Gold Clusters. Chemistry 2019; 25:15795-15804. [PMID: 31696987 PMCID: PMC6916555 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The dopant and size-dependent propene adsorption on neutral gold (Aun ) and yttrium-doped gold (Aun-1 Y) clusters in the n=5-15 size range are investigated, combining mass spectrometry and gas phase reactions in a low-pressure collision cell and density functional theory calculations. The adsorption energies, extracted from the experimental data using an RRKM analysis, show a similar size dependence as the quantum chemical results and are in the range of ≈0.6-1.2 eV. Yttrium doping significantly alters the propene adsorption energies for n=5, 12 and 13. Chemical bonding and energy decomposition analysis showed that there is no covalent bond between the cluster and propene, and that charge transfer and other non-covalent interactions are dominant. The natural charges, Wiberg bond indices, and the importance of charge transfer all support an electron donation/back-donation mechanism for the adsorption. Yttrium plays a significant role not only in the propene binding energy, but also in the chemical bonding in the cluster-propene adduct. Propene preferentially binds to yttrium in small clusters (n<10), and to a gold atom at larger sizes. Besides charge transfer, relaxation also plays an important role, illustrating the non-local effect of the yttrium dopant. It is shown that the frontier molecular orbitals of the clusters determine the chemical bonding, in line with the molecular-like electronic structure of metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Barabás
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4Budapest1111Hungary
| | - Jan Vanbuel
- Quantum Solid State PhysicsKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200d3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Piero Ferrari
- Quantum Solid State PhysicsKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200d3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid State PhysicsKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200d3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Tibor Höltzl
- Furukawa Electric Institute of TechnologyKésmárk utca 28/ABudapest1158Hungary
- MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4Budapest1111Hungary
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4Budapest1111Hungary
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3
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Relativistic and nonrelativistic structures, stabilities and electronic properties of small neutral gold clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang H, Goudeli E, Hogan CJ. Condensation and dissociation rates for gas phase metal clusters from molecular dynamics trajectory calculations. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:164304. [PMID: 29716223 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In gas phase synthesis systems, clusters form and grow via condensation, in which a monomer binds to an existing cluster. While a hard-sphere equation is frequently used to predict the condensation rate coefficient, this equation neglects the influences of potential interactions and cluster internal energy on the condensation process. Here, we present a collision rate theory-molecular dynamics simulation approach to calculate condensation probabilities and condensation rate coefficients. We use this approach to examine atomic condensation onto 6-56-atom Au and Mg clusters. The probability of condensation depends upon the initial relative velocity (v) between atom and cluster and the initial impact parameter (b). In all cases, there is a well-defined region of b-v space where condensation is highly probable, and outside of which the condensation probability drops to zero. For Au clusters with more than 10 atoms, we find that at gas temperatures in the 300-1200 K range, the condensation rate coefficient exceeds the hard-sphere rate coefficient by a factor of 1.5-2.0. Conversely, for Au clusters with 10 or fewer atoms and for 14- and 28-atom Mg clusters, as cluster equilibration temperature increases, the condensation rate coefficient drops to values below the hard-sphere rate coefficient. Calculations also yield the self-dissociation rate coefficient, which is found to vary considerably with gas temperature. Finally, calculations results reveal that grazing (high b) atom-cluster collisions at elevated velocity (>1000 m s-1) can result in the colliding atom rebounding (bounce) from the cluster surface or binding while another atom dissociates (replacement). The presented method can be applied in developing rate equations to predict material formation and growth rates in vapor phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Eirini Goudeli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J Hogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Giarrusso S, Gori-Giorgi P, Della Sala F, Fabiano E. Assessment of interaction-strength interpolation formulas for gold and silver clusters. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Giarrusso
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, FEW, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Gori-Giorgi
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, FEW, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, I-73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fabiano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, I-73010 Arnesano, Italy
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Li Y, Oliveira V, Tang C, Cremer D, Liu C, Ma J. The Peculiar Role of the Au 3 Unit in Au m Clusters: σ-Aromaticity of the Au 5Zn + Ion. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:5793-5803. [PMID: 28448130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stability of small Aum (m = 4-7) clusters is investigated by analyzing their energetic, geometric, vibrational, magnetic, and electron density properties. Gold clusters can be constructed from stable cyclic 3-center-2-electron (3c-2e) Au3+ units (3-rings) with σ-aromaticity. The stabilization requires a flow of negative charge from internal 3-rings with electron-deficient bonding to peripheral 3-ring units with stronger Au-Au bonds. The valence-isoelectronic clusters Au6 and Au5Zn+ have similar electronic properties: Au5Zn+ is a strongly σ-aromatic molecule. An understanding of the structure of Aum clusters is obtained by deriving a Clar's Rule equivalent for polycyclic gold clusters: The structure with the larger number of rings with dominant 3c-2e character and a smaller degree of 3c-3e character occupies the global minimum of the Aum potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanle Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Vytor Oliveira
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University , 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Chunmei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Dieter Cremer
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University , 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210093, People's Republic of China
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Kolářová L, Prokeš L, Kučera L, Hampl A, Peňa-Méndez E, Vaňhara P, Havel J. Clusters of Monoisotopic Elements for Calibration in (TOF) Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:419-427. [PMID: 27995502 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Precise calibration in TOF MS requires suitable and reliable standards, which are not always available for high masses. We evaluated inorganic clusters of the monoisotopic elements gold and phosphorus (Au n+/Au n- and P n+/P n-) as an alternative to peptides or proteins for the external and internal calibration of mass spectra in various experimental and instrumental scenarios. Monoisotopic gold or phosphorus clusters can be easily generated in situ from suitable precursors by laser desorption/ionization (LDI) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Their use offers numerous advantages, including simplicity of preparation, biological inertness, and exact mass determination even at lower mass resolution. We used citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles to generate gold calibration clusters, and red phosphorus powder to generate phosphorus clusters. Both elements can be added to samples to perform internal calibration up to mass-to-charge (m/z) 10-15,000 without significantly interfering with the analyte. We demonstrated the use of the gold and phosphorous clusters in the MS analysis of complex biological samples, including microbial standards and total extracts of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We believe that clusters of monoisotopic elements could be used as generally applicable calibrants for complex biological samples. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kolářová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Prokeš
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kučera
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eladia Peňa-Méndez
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, s/n, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Petr Vaňhara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A14, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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9
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Pembere AM, Luo Z. Jones oxidation of glycerol catalysed by small gold clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6620-6625. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07941e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present here a joint theoretical and experimental study on the oxidation reactivity of glycerol catalysed by chemically pure small Au clusters in the absence and presence of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Pembere
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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Zhang H, Zhu J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Lu ZH. The structural, electronic and catalytic properties of Aun (n = 1–4) nanoclusters on monolayer MoS2. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07591j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural stability, electronic and catalytic properties of Aun (n = 1–4) nanoclusters supported on monolayer MoS2 have been investigated based on first principle DFT calculation with van der Waals (vdW) corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Jia Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Hongge Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Yongfan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
| | - Zhang-Hui Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
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11
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Cheng X, Li F, Wang C. Density functional theory study of CO oxidation by O2 on Aun (n=11, 13 and 14) clusters as catalysis: From a comparative review. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Fihey A, Hettich C, Touzeau J, Maurel F, Perrier A, Köhler C, Aradi B, Frauenheim T. SCC-DFTB parameters for simulating hybrid gold-thiolates compounds. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:2075-87. [PMID: 26280464 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a parametrization of a self-consistent charge density functional-based tight-binding scheme (SCC-DFTB) to describe gold-organic hybrid systems by adding new Au-X (X = Au, H, C, S, N, O) parameters to a previous set designed for organic molecules. With the aim of describing gold-thiolates systems within the DFTB framework, the resulting parameters are successively compared with density functional theory (DFT) data for the description of Au bulk, Aun gold clusters (n = 2, 4, 8, 20), and Aun SCH3 (n = 3 and 25) molecular-sized models. The geometrical, energetic, and electronic parameters obtained at the SCC-DFTB level for the small Au3 SCH3 gold-thiolate compound compare very well with DFT results, and prove that the different binding situations of the sulfur atom on gold are correctly described with the current parameters. For a larger gold-thiolate model, Au25 SCH3 , the electronic density of states and the potential energy surfaces resulting from the chemisorption of the molecule on the gold aggregate obtained with the new SCC-DFTB parameters are also in good agreement with DFT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fihey
- Laboratoire Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation Et Dynamique Des Systèmes (ITODYS), CNRS UMR 7086, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 Rue Jean Antoine De Baïf, Paris Cedex 13, 75205, France
| | - Christian Hettich
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science (BCCMS), Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Jérémy Touzeau
- Laboratoire Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation Et Dynamique Des Systèmes (ITODYS), CNRS UMR 7086, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 Rue Jean Antoine De Baïf, Paris Cedex 13, 75205, France
| | - François Maurel
- Laboratoire Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation Et Dynamique Des Systèmes (ITODYS), CNRS UMR 7086, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 Rue Jean Antoine De Baïf, Paris Cedex 13, 75205, France
| | - Aurélie Perrier
- Laboratoire Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation Et Dynamique Des Systèmes (ITODYS), CNRS UMR 7086, Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 15 Rue Jean Antoine De Baïf, Paris Cedex 13, 75205, France
| | - Christof Köhler
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science (BCCMS), Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Bálint Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science (BCCMS), Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science (BCCMS), Universität Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
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Catalytic mechanisms of Au₁₁ and Au₁₁-nPt n (n=1-2) clusters: a DFT investigation on the oxidation of CO by O₂. J Mol Model 2015; 21:230. [PMID: 26267299 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of CO catalyzed by clusters of Au11, Au10Pt and Au9Pt2 was investigated using the M06 functional suite of the density functional theory. Au and Pt atoms were described with the double-ζ valence basis set Los Alamos National Laboratory 2-double-z (LanL2DZ), whereas the standard 6-311++G(d,p) basis set was employed for the C and O atoms. Our theoretical model showed that (1) after coordination to Au and Au-Pt cluster, O2 and CO are apparently activated, and Mulliken charges show that the gold atoms in the active sites of Au11 are negatively charged; (2) Au-Pt clusters with 11 atoms can effectively catalyze the oxidation of CO by O2; (3) Au11 exhibits good catalytic performance for the oxidation of CO; (4) oxidation of CO occurs preferably on the Au-Pt active sites in Pt-doped clusters, and the single-center mechanisms are more favorable energetically than the two-center mechanisms; (5) after adsorption, an O2 molecule oxidates two CO molecules via stepwise mechanisms; and (6) the catalytic processes are highly exothermic.
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Liu Z, Qin Z, Xie H, Cong R, Wu X, Tang Z. Structure of Au40/−1 in the gas phase: A joint geometry relaxed ab initio calculations and vibrationally resolved photoelectron imaging investigation. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:094306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4819789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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16
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Sárosi MB, Petrar PM, King RB. Density functional study of bare gold clusters: the ten-vertex neutral system. J Mol Model 2013; 19:4585-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Theoretical chemistry in Belgium. Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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