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Guerra C, Ayarde-Henríquez L, Duque-Noreña M, Cárdenas C, Pérez P, Chamorro E. On the nature of bonding in the photochemical addition of two ethylenes: C-C bond formation in the excited state? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20598-20606. [PMID: 34505860 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the 2s + 2s (face-to-face) prototypical example of a photochemical reaction has been re-examined to characterize the evolution of chemical bonding. The analysis of the electron localization function (as an indirect measure of the Pauli principle) along the minimum energy path provides strong evidence supporting that CC bond formation occurs not in the excited state but in the ground electronic state after crossing the rhombohedral S1/S0 conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Guerra
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Leandro Ayarde-Henríquez
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mario Duque-Noreña
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carlos Cárdenas
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Física, Avenida Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Chamorro
- Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida República 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
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Ayarde-Henríquez L, Guerra C, Duque-Noreña M, Rincón E, Pérez P, Chamorro E. Are There Only Fold Catastrophes in the Diels-Alder Reaction Between Ethylene and 1,3-Butadiene? J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5152-5165. [PMID: 33977708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work revisits the topological characterization of the Diels-Alder reaction between 1,3-butadiene and ethylene. In contrast to the currently accepted rationalization, we here provide strong evidence in support of a representation in terms of seven structural stability domains separated by a sequence of 10 elementary catastrophes, but all are only of the fold type (F and F†), that is, C4H6 + C2H4:1-7-[FF]F[F†F†][F†F†][FF]F†-0: C6H10. Such an unexpected finding provides fundamental new insights opening simplifying perspectives concerning the rationalization of the CC bond formation in pericyclic reactions in terms of the simplest Thom's elementary catastrophe, namely, the one-(state) variable, one-(control) parameter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ayarde-Henríquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Duque-Noreña
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Rincón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las encinas 220, 5110033 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Chamorro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
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Adjieufack AI, Nana CN, Ketcha-Mbadcam J, Mbouombouo Ndassa I, Andrés J, Oliva M, Safont VS. Deciphering the Curly Arrow Representation and Electron Flow for the 1,3-Dipolar Rearrangement between Acetonitrile Oxide and (1 S,2 R,4 S)-2-Cyano-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl Acetate Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22215-22225. [PMID: 32923779 PMCID: PMC7482254 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on describing the molecular mechanism beyond the molecular picture provided by the evolution of molecular orbitals, valence bond structures along the reaction progress, or conceptual density functional theory. Using bonding evolution theory (BET) analysis, we have deciphered the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar rearrangement between acetonitrile oxide and (1S,2R,4S)-2-cyano-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl acetate derivatives. The BET study revealed that the formation of the C-C bond takes place via a usual sharing model before the O-C one that is also formed in the halogenated species through a not very usual sharing model. The mechanism includes depopulation of the electron density at the N-C triple bond and creation of the V(N) and V(C) monosynaptic basins, depopulation of the former C-C double bond with the creation of V(C,C) basins, and final formation of the V(O,C) basin associated with the O-C bond. The topological changes along the reaction pathway take place in a highly synchronous way. BET provides a convenient quantitative method for deriving curly arrows and electron flow representation to unravel molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Idrice Adjieufack
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory and Computational Chemistry Laboratory,
High Teacher Training College, University
of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Cyrille Nouhou Nana
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory and Computational Chemistry Laboratory,
High Teacher Training College, University
of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Ketcha-Mbadcam
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Yaoundé 1, P. O. Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ibrahim Mbouombouo Ndassa
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, High Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O.
Box 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Juan Andrés
- Departament
de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Mónica Oliva
- Departament
de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Vicent Sixte Safont
- Departament
de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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Miller GBS, Uggerud E. C-C Bond Formation of Mg- and Zn-Activated Carbon Dioxide. Chemistry 2018; 24:4710-4717. [PMID: 29377331 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase activation of CO2 by chloride tagged metal atoms, [ClM]- (M=Mg, Zn), has been investigated by mass spectrometry and high-level quantum chemistry. Both metals activate CO2 with significant bending of the CO2 moiety to form complexes with the general formula [ClM,CO2 ]- . The structure of the metal-CO2 complex depends on the method of formation, and the energy landscapes and reaction dynamics have been probed by collisional induced dissociation and thermal ion molecule reactions with isotopically labeled species. Having established these structural relationships, the gas-phase reactivity of [ClM(κ2 -O2 C)]- with acetaldehyde (here considered a carbohydrate mimic) was then studied. Formation of lactate and enolate-pyruvate complexes are observed, showing that CO2 fixation by C-C bond formation takes place. For M=Zn, even formation of free pyruvate ([C3 H3 O3 ]- ) is observed. Implications of the observed CO2 reactivity for the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide, and to biochemical and artificial photosynthesis is briefly discussed. Detailed potential energy diagrams obtained by the quantum chemical calculations offer models consistent with experimental observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn B S Miller
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033 Blindern, 0135, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Uggerud
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033 Blindern, 0135, Oslo, Norway
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González-Navarrete P, Andrés J, Safont VS. A bonding evolution analysis for the thermal Claisen rearrangement: an experimental and theoretical exercise for testing the electron density flow. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:535-541. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07557j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The BET analysis brings about the natural appearance of curly arrows representing thus the electronic flow in molecular rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Andrés
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica
- Universitat Jaume I
- Castelló de la Plana
- Spain
| | - V. Sixte Safont
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica
- Universitat Jaume I
- Castelló de la Plana
- Spain
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