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Ab initio investigation of substituent effects on the excited electronic states of flavylium cation analogues of anthocyanin pigments. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Martins LMOS, Wang X, Silva GTM, Junqueira HC, Fornaciari B, Lopes LF, Silva CP, Zhou P, Cavalcante VF, Baptista MS, Quina FH. Red Wine Inspired Chromophores as Photodynamic Therapy Sensitizers. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:732-741. [PMID: 35944220 DOI: 10.1111/php.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxypyranoflavylium (HPF) cations are synthetic analogs possessing the same basic chromophore as the pyranoanthocyanins that form during the maturation of red wine. HPF cations absorb strongly in the visible spectral region, and most are fluorescent, triplet-sensitize singlet oxygen formation in solution and are strong photooxidants, properties that are desirable in a sensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The results of this study demonstrate that several simple HPF dyes can indeed function as PDT sensitizers. Of the eight HPF cations investigated in this work, four were phototoxic to a human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) at the 1-10 μmol dm-3 level, while only one of the eight compounds showed noticeable cytotoxicity in the dark. Neither a Type I nor a Type II mechanism can adequately rationalize the differences in phototoxicity of the compounds. Colocalization experiments with the most phototoxic compound demonstrated the affinity of the dye for both the mitochondria and lysosomes of HeLa cells. The fact that relatively modest structural differences, e.g., the exchange of an electron-donating substituent for an electron-withdrawing substituent, can cause profound differences in the phototoxicity, together with the relatively facile synthesis of substituted HPF cations, makes them interesting candidates for further evaluation as PDT sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. O. S. Martins
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
- National University of Singapore
| | - Gustavo T. M. Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
| | - Helena C. Junqueira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
| | - Bárbara Fornaciari
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
| | - Lohanna F. Lopes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
| | - Cassio P. Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
| | - Peng Zhou
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
- Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Victor F. Cavalcante
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
| | - Mauricio S. Baptista
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
| | - Frank H. Quina
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Lineu Prestes 748 São Paulo 05508‐900 Brazil
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Espinoza EM, Clark JA, Billones MK, Silva GTDM, da Silva CP, Quina FH, Vullev VI. Photophysics and Electrochemistry of Biomimetic Pyranoflavyliums: What Can Bioinspiration from Red Wines Offer? PHOTOCHEM 2022; 2:9-31. [PMID: 35075451 PMCID: PMC8783599 DOI: 10.3390/photochem2010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural dyes and pigments offer incomparable diversity of structures and functionalities, making them an excellent source of inspiration for the design and development of synthetic chromophores with a myriad of emerging properties. Formed during maturation of red wines, pyranoanthocyanins are electron-deficient cationic pyranoflavylium dyes with broad absorption in the visible spectral region and pronounced chemical and photostability. Herein, we survey the optical and electrochemical properties of synthetic pyranoflavylium dyes functionalized with different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, which vary their reduction potentials over a range of about 400 mV. Despite their highly electron-deficient cores, the exploration of pyranoflavyliums as photosensitizers has been limited to the "classical" n-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) where they act as electron donors. In light of their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties, however, these biomimetic synthetic dyes should prove to be immensely beneficial as chromophores in p-type DSSCs, where their ability to act as photooxidants, along with their pronounced photostability, can benefit key advances in solar-energy science and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Anthony Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | | | - Cassio Pacheco da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade Universitaŕia, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Frank Herbert Quina
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade Universitaŕia, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Valentine Ivanov Vullev
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Espinoza EM, Clark JA, Silva CP, Derr JB, Silva GTDM, Billones MK, Morales M, Quina FH, Vullev VI. Charge transfer vs. proton transfer in the excited-state dynamics of biomimetic pyranoflavylium cations. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Quantum chemical investigation of the ground- and excited-state acidities of a dihydroxyfuranoflavylium cation. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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