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Yadav S, Misra N, Mansi, Khanna P, Jain M, Khanna L. A DFT study on substituents, solvent, and temperature effect and mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction of hexafluoro-2-butyne with furan. J Mol Model 2023; 29:387. [PMID: 38008793 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Furan and its derivatives constitute a vital class of heterocyclic chemistry used widely in organic synthesis via Diels-Alder reactions. As fluorine incorporation has been of great interest due to the limited possible pathways, the present study on [4 + 2] cycloaddition Diels-Alder reaction, between hexafluoro-2-butyne and 2-substituted (NH2, OCH3, OTMS, NHBoc) furans, uses the reaction as a likely route. The computational study revealed that that the reaction is feasible in all conditions and is most favorable for NH2 substituent in furan. The study of the effect of temperature has depicted that low temperature favors the formation of adducts, while the rise in temperature prefers ring opening to form 4-substituted-2,3-di(trifluoromethyl)phenol derivatives. The feasibility of a reaction has been determined by Gibbs energy change. The transition state study has been performed to find the activation energy, C-C single bond formation and global electron density transfer (GEDT) involved in the adduct formation. MEP plots have been used to understand the region of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity character. Furthermore, the mechanism for the formation of phenol products has been discussed. The decomposition of the NHBoc group at higher temperatures has been proved via a proposed mechanism and compared with experimental results. METHODS The reaction was theoretically investigated using B3LYP hybrid functional with 6-311 + G(d,p) basis sets, in gas phase and under different solvent conditions like water, acetonitrile, and THF. The transition state structures of the adduct were optimized at the lower basis set B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) as well as at the higher basis set B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level. The changes in Gibbs energy (∆G) for the formation of products at different temperatures and in various solvents have been calculated at B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Yadav
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Neeti Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Mansi
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Pankaj Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Manisha Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Leena Khanna
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16-C, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
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Dresler E, Wróblewska A, Jasiński R. Understanding the Regioselectivity and the Molecular Mechanism of [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions between Nitrous Oxide and Conjugated Nitroalkenes: A DFT Computational Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238441. [PMID: 36500530 PMCID: PMC9738823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regiochemical aspects and the molecular mechanism of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition between nitrous oxide and conjugated nitroalkenes were evaluated on the basis of the wb97xd/6-311 + G(d) (PCM) computational study. It was found that, independently of the nature of the nitroalkene, all considered processes are realized via polar, single-step mechanisms. All attempts at the localization of hypothetical zwitterionic intermediates were unsuccessful. Additionally, the DFT computational study suggested that, in the course of the reaction, the formation of respective Δ2-4-nitro-4-R1-5-R2-1-oxa-2,3-diazolines was preferred from the kinetic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dresler
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Kula K, Łapczuk A, Sadowski M, Kras J, Zawadzińska K, Demchuk OM, Gaurav GK, Wróblewska A, Jasiński R. On the Question of the Formation of Nitro-Functionalized 2,4-Pyrazole Analogs on the Basis of Nitrylimine Molecular Systems and 3,3,3-Trichloro-1-Nitroprop-1-Ene. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238409. [PMID: 36500503 PMCID: PMC9739753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies on the reaction between (E)-3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitroprop-1-ene and N-(4-bromophenyl)-C-arylnitrylimine were performed. It was found that the title process unexpectedly led to 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenyl-5-nitropyrazole instead of the expected Δ2-pyrazoline molecular system. This was the result of a unique CHCl3 elimination process. The observed mechanism of transformation was explained in the framework of the molecular electron density theory (MEDT). The theoretical results showed that both of the possible channels of [3 + 2] cycloaddition were favorable from a kinetic point of view, due to which the creation of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-aryl-4-tricholomethyl-5-nitro-Δ2-pyrazoline was more probable. On the other hand, according to the experimental data, the presented reactions occurred with full regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kula
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (A.Ł.); (R.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Łapczuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (A.Ł.); (R.J.)
| | - Mikołaj Sadowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jowita Kras
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Zawadzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Oleg M. Demchuk
- Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Gajendra Kumar Gaurav
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory—SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology—VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616-69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (A.Ł.); (R.J.)
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On the Question of Stepwise [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions and Their Stereochemical Aspects. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Even at the end of the twentieth century, the view of the one-step [4+2] cycloaddition (Diels-Alder) reaction mechanism was widely accepted as the only possible one, regardless of the nature of the reaction components. Much has changed in the way these reactions are perceived since then. In particular, multi-step mechanisms with zwitterionic or diradical intermediates have been proposed for a number of processes. This review provided a critical analysis of such cases.
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Kącka-Zych A, Jasiński R. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the stereoselective conversion of N-trialkylsilyloxy nitronates into bicyclic isoxazoline derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of N-trialkylsilyloxy nitronates into bicyclic isoxazoline derivatives has been explored using the density functional theory method within the context of molecular electron density theory at the ωB97XD(PCM)/6-311G(d,p) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kącka-Zych
- Cracow University of Technology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Warszawska 24
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Cracow University of Technology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Warszawska 24
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
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