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Kamal Hossain M. Nanoscale Imaging of Interstitial-dependent Optical Confinement through Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200108. [PMID: 35585028 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exploitation of optical confinement in nanoscale unveils a wealth of information about the structure, optical, electronic, and chemical properties of the materials. However, realizing such confinement by optical microscopy and spectroscopic techniques have remained challenging due to fundamental formulation that is related to the diffraction theory of light. A state-of-art technique, known as near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) has the ability to break such diffraction limitation, as the spatial resolution depends on the near-field probe diameter and the distance between the probe and the surface. A home-built apertured NSOM (a-NSOM) developed in the beginning of NSOM discovery facilitated to investigate N-particles nano-assemblies, where N is two or more. Through surface-sensitive spectroscopy such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced two-photon-induced photoluminescence (TPI-PL), a correlated optometrology was revealed by taking snapshots of shear-force topography, SERS and TPI-PL simultaneously in single-channel and multi-channel detection system. Here in this "Personal Account" we have decorated near-field optical confinement observed by a-NSOM in three constructs; archetype dimer, nano-assembly of few nanoparticles and long-range two-dimensional (2D) nano-assembly. In the case of dimer, optical confinement was localized and interstitial-dependent whereas coalescence of nearby confinements was reported in few particles nanoaggregate. In the case of 2D nano-assembly, optical confinements were more complex because a nanoparticle was surrounded by six or more adjacent nanoparticles. FDTD simulation were carried out to support and validate the experimental observations. Such observations in nanoscale taking snapshots of nanometric topography and surface-sensitive spectroscopic signal not only inspire us to understand optical confinements in near-field, but also implement the concept in designing miniaturized and efficient system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kamal Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power systems (IRC-REPS), Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Trends in biomedical analysis of red blood cells – Raman spectroscopy against other spectroscopic, microscopic and classical techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Neural Network for Enhancing Microscopic Resolution Based on Images from Scanning Electron Microscope. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062139. [PMID: 33803876 PMCID: PMC8003193 DOI: 10.3390/s21062139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an artificial neural network is applied for enhancing the resolution of images from an optical microscope based on a network trained with the images acquired from a scanning electron microscope. The resolution of microscopic images is important in various fields, especially for microfluidics because the measurements, such as the dimension of channels and cells, largely rely on visual information. The proposed method is experimentally validated with microfluidic structure. The images of structural edges from the optical microscope are blurred due to optical effects while the images from the scanning electron microscope are sharp and clear. Intensity profiles perpendicular to the edges and the corresponding edge positions determined by the scanning electron microscope images are plugged in a neural network as the input features and the output target, respectively. According to the results, the blurry edges of the microstructure in optical images can be successfully enhanced. The average error between the predicted channel position and ground truth is around 328 nanometers. The effects of the feature length are discussed. The proposed method is expected to significantly contribute to microfluidic applications, such as on-chip cell evaluation.
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Švecová M, Volochanskyi O, Dendisová M, Palounek D, Matějka P. Immobilization of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles for micro- and nano-spectroscopic applications: What is the role of used short amino- and thio-linkers and immobilization procedure on the SERS spectra? SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119142. [PMID: 33189978 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of nanoparticles (NPs) is a technique suitable for the preparation of large-scale substrates for surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy including micro- and nano-spectroscopic applications. The developed immobilization method provides the enhancing properties of the roughened substrate surface to be maintained for techniques like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, however, at the same time the morphology is not limiting for related near-field (scanning probe) techniques. The study is focused on the comparison of different immobilization procedures of Ag nanoparticles and finding the relationship between preparation procedures leading to convenient surface morphology and the quality of the observed signal of the model analyte (riboflavin) using SERS. Amino-linker (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and four thio-linkers (cysteine, 3-mercaptopropanoic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, and 2,2'-oxydiethanthiol) using five immobilization procedures at three different temperatures (23 °C, 40 °C, and 70 °C) were compared. Surface morphology was monitored by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The SERS spectra of riboflavin were evaluated in terms of the intensity and the resolution of individual bands. The spectral dataset was inspected by multivariate statistical methods - principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. The evaluation of spectra and statistical models show the influence of the used linker and AgNPs immobilization procedure on the spectral output. APTMS linker is less suitable; much more appropriate are thio-linkers deposited on an evaporated Au layer on a glass slide. The best spectral parameters were obtained for 2,2'-oxydiethanthiol and 23 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Švecová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Oleksandr Volochanskyi
- Department of Low-Dimensional Systems, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, Prague 8 18223, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Dendisová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - David Palounek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Matějka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech Republic
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Bulat K, Dybas J, Kaczmarska M, Rygula A, Jasztal A, Szczesny-Malysiak E, Baranska M, Wood BR, Marzec KM. Multimodal detection and analysis of a new type of advanced Heinz body-like aggregate (AHBA) and cytoskeleton deformation in human RBCs. Analyst 2020; 145:1749-1758. [PMID: 31913373 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01707k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new type of aggregate, formed in human red blood cells (RBCs) in response to glutaraldehyde treatment, was discovered and analyzed with the classical and advanced biomolecular imaging techniques. Advanced Heinz body-like aggregates (AHBA) formed in a single human RBC are characterized by a higher level of hemoglobin (Hb) degradation compared to typical Heinz bodies, which consist of hemichromes. The complete destruction of the porphyrin structure of Hb and the aggregation of the degraded proteins in the presence of Fe3+ ions are observed. The presence of such aggregated, highly degraded proteins inside RBCs, without cell membrane destruction, has been never reported before. For the first time the spatial differentiation of two kinds of protein mixtures inside a single RBC, with different phenylalanine (Phe) conformations, is visualized. The non-resonant Raman spectra of altered RBCs with AHBA are characterized by the presence of a strong band located at 1037 cm-1, which confirms that glutaraldehyde interacts strongly with Phe. The shape-shifting of RBCs from a biconcave disk to a spherical structure and sinking of AHBA to the bottom of the cell are observed. Results reveal that the presence of AHBA should be considered when fixing RBCs and indicate the analytical potential of Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy in AHBA detection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bulat
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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Zhong J, Liu Y, Ren J, Tang Y, Qi Z, Zhou X, Chen X, Shao Z, Chen M, Kaplan DL, Ling S. Understanding Secondary Structures of Silk Materials via Micro- and Nano-Infrared Spectroscopies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3161-3183. [PMID: 33405510 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The secondary structures (also termed conformations) of silk fibroin (SF) in animal silk fibers and regenerated SF materials are critical in determining mechanical performance and function of the materials. In order to understand the structure-mechanics-function relationships of silk materials, a variety of advanced infrared spectroscopic techniques, such as micro-infrared spectroscopies (micro-IR spectroscopies for short), synchrotron micro-IR spectroscopy, and nano-infrared spectroscopies (nano-IR spectroscopies for short), have been used to determine the conformations of SF in silk materials. These IR spectroscopic methods provide a useful toolkit to understand conformations and conformational transitions of SF in various silk materials with spatial resolution from the nano-scale to the micro-scale. In this Review, we first summarize progress in understanding the structure and structure-mechanics relationships of silk materials. We then discuss the state-of-the-art micro- and nano-IR spectroscopic techniques used for silk materials characterization. We also provide a systematic discussion of the strategies to collect high-quality spectra and the methods to analyze these spectra. Finally, we demonstrate the challenges and directions for future exploration of silk-based materials with IR spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhong
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuzhao Tang
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zeming Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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Beane G, Devkota T, Brown BS, Hartland GV. Ultrafast measurements of the dynamics of single nanostructures: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016401. [PMID: 30485256 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aaea4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to study single particles has revolutionized nanoscience. The advantage of single particle spectroscopy measurements compared to conventional ensemble studies is that they remove averaging effects from the different sizes and shapes that are present in the samples. In time-resolved experiments this is important for unraveling homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects in lifetime measurements. In this report, recent progress in the development of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopic techniques for interrogating single nanostructures will be discussed. The techniques include far-field experiments that utilize high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objectives, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) measurements, ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), and time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments. Examples will be given of the application of these techniques to studying energy relaxation processes in nanoparticles, and the motion of plasmons, excitons and/or charge carriers in different types of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
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Bulat K, Rygula A, Szafraniec E, Ozaki Y, Baranska M. Live endothelial cells imaged by Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (SNOM): capabilities and challenges. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:928-938. [PMID: 27545579 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) shows a potential to study details of biological samples, since it provides the optical images of objects with nanometric spatial resolution (50-200 nm) and the topographic information at the same time. The goal of this work is to demonstrate the capabilities of SNOM in transmission configuration to study human endothelial cells and their morphological changes, sometimes very subtle, upon inflammation. Various sample preparations were tested for SNOM measurements and promising results are collected to show: 1) the influence of α tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) on EA.hy 926 cells (measurements of the fixed cells); 2) high resolution images of various endothelial cell lines, i.e. EA.hy 926 and HLMVEC (investigations of the fixed cells in buffer environment); 3) imaging of live endothelial cells in physiological buffers. The study demonstrate complementarity of the SNOM measurements performed in air and in liquid environments, on fixed as well as on living cells. Furthermore, it is proved that the SNOM is a very useful method for analysis of cellular morphology and topography. Changes in the cell shape and nucleus size, which are the symptoms of inflammatory reaction, were noticed in TNF-α activated EA.hy 926 cells. The cellular structures of submicron size were observed in high resolution optical images of cells from EA.hy 926 and HLMVEC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bulat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rygula
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Szafraniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Krakow, Poland
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Kwasei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyougo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, Kraków, Poland
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Research on the Sensing Performance of the Tuning Fork-Probe as a Micro Interaction Sensor. SENSORS 2015; 15:24530-52. [PMID: 26404310 PMCID: PMC4610590 DOI: 10.3390/s150924530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The shear force position system has been widely used in scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) and recently extended into the force sensing area. The dynamic properties of a tuning fork (TF), the core component of this system, directly determine the sensing performance of the shear positioning system. Here, we combine experimental results and finite element method (FEM) analysis to investigate the dynamic behavior of the TF probe assembled structure (TF-probe). Results from experiments under varying atmospheric pressures illustrate that the oscillation amplitude of the TF-probe is linearly related to the quality factor, suggesting that decreasing the pressure will dramatically increase the quality factor. The results from FEM analysis reveal the influences of various parameters on the resonant performance of the TF-probe. We compared numerical results of the frequency spectrum with the experimental data collected by our recently developed laser Doppler vibrometer system. Then, we investigated the parameters affecting spatial resolution of the SNOM and the dynamic response of the TF-probe under longitudinal and transverse interactions. It is found that the interactions in transverse direction is much more sensitive than that in the longitudinal direction. Finally, the TF-probe was used to measure the friction coefficient of a silica–silica interface.
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Optical imaging beyond the diffraction limit by SNEM: Effects of AFM tip modifications with thiol monolayers on imaging quality. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 150:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Andolfi L, Trevisan E, Troian B, Prato S, Boscolo R, Giolo E, Luppi S, Martinelli M, Ricci G, Zweyer M. The application of scanning near field optical imaging to the study of human sperm morphology. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:2. [PMID: 25591971 PMCID: PMC4302611 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The morphology of spermatozoa is a fundamental aspect to consider in fertilization, sperm pathology, assisted reproduction and contraception. Head, neck, midpiece, principal and terminal part of flagellum are the main sperm components to investigate for identifying morphological features and related anomalies. Recently, scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), which belongs to the wide family of nanoscopic techniques, has opened up new routes for the investigation of biological systems. SNOM is the only technique able to provide simultaneously highly resolved topography and optical images with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit, typical of conventional optical microscopy. This offers the advantage to obtain complementary information about cell surface and cytoplasmatic structures. Results In this work human spermatozoa both healthy and with morphological anomalies are analyzed by SNOM, to demonstrate the potentiality of such approach in the visualization of sperm morphological details. The combination of SNOM topography with optical (reflection and transmission) images enables to examine typical topographic features of spermatozoa together with underlying cytoplasmic structures. Indeed the head shape and inner components as acrosome and nucleus, and the organization of mitochondria in the midpiece region are observed. Analogously for principal tract of the tail, the ridges and the columns are detected in the SNOM topography, while their internal arrangement can be observed in the corresponding SNOM optical transmission images, without requiring specific staining procedures or invasive protocols. Conclusions Such findings demonstrate that SNOM represents a versatile and powerful tool to describe topographical and inner structural details of spermatozoa simultaneously. This analysis could be helpful for better characterizing several morphological anomalies, often related to sperm infertility, which cannot be examined by conventional techniques all together. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-014-0061-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andolfi
- IOM-CNR, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elisa Trevisan
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Barbara Troian
- A.P.E. Research Srl, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stefano Prato
- A.P.E. Research Srl, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Rita Boscolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elena Giolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stefania Luppi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Monica Martinelli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Marina Zweyer
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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Zhu B, Ren G, Gao Y, Yang Y, Lian Y, Jian S. Graphene-coated tapered nanowire infrared probe: a comparison with metal-coated probes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:24096-24103. [PMID: 25321984 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.024096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose in this paper a graphene-coated tapered nanowire probe providing strong field enhancement in the infrared regimes. The analytical field distributions and characteristic equation of the supported surface plasmons mode are derived. Based on the adiabatic approximation, analytic methods are adopted in the investigation of field enhancement along the tapered region and show well consistence with the rigorous numerical simulations. Both the numerical and analytical results have shown that the graphene-coated nanowire probe could achieve an order of magnitude larger field enhancement than the metal-coated probes. The proposed probe may have promising applications for single molecule detection, measurement and nano-manipulation techniques.
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Gao F, Li X, Wang J, Fu Y. Dynamic behavior of tuning fork shear-force structures in a SNOM system. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 142:10-23. [PMID: 24815548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Piezoelectric tuning fork shear-force structures are widely used as a distance control unit in a scanning near-field optical microscopy. However, the complex dynamic behavior among the micro-tuning forks (TFs), optical fiber probes, and the probe-surface interactions is still a crucial issue to achieve high-resolution imaging or near-field interaction inspections. Based on nonlinear beam tension-bending vibration theory, vibration equations in both longitudinal and lateral directions have been established when the TF structure and the optical fiber are treated as deformable structures. The relationship of the probe-surface interaction induced by Van der Waals force has been analyzed and the corresponding numerical results used to describe the vibrational behavior of the probe approaching the sample surface are obtained. Meanwhile, the viscous resistance of the liquid film on the sample surface has also been investigated using linear beam-bending vibration theory. Experiments testing the interaction between the probe and the water film on a single crystal silicon wafer have been carried out and the viscous resistance of the water film was estimated using the established equations. Finally, to use the TF-probe structure as a force sensor, the relation between the dynamic response of the TF-probe system and an external force on the probe tip was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, CNMM, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xide Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, AML, CNMM, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
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Abstract
In recent years, the field of Raman spectroscopy has witnessed a surge in technological development, with the incorporation of ultrasensitive, charge-coupled devices, improved laser sources and precision Rayleigh-filter systems. This has led to the development of sensitive confocal micro-Raman spectrometers and imaging spectrometers that are capable of obtaining high spatial-resolution spectra and images of subcellular components within single living cells. This review reports on the application of resonance micro-Raman spectroscopy to the study of malaria pigment (hemozoin), a by-product of hemoglobin catabolization by the malaria parasite, which is an important target site for antimalarial drugs. The review aims to briefly describe recent studies on the application of this technology, elucidate molecular and electronic properties of the malaria pigment and its synthetic analog beta-hematin, provide insight into the mechanism of hemozoin formation within the food vacuole of the parasite, and comment on developing strategies for using this technology in drug-screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayden R Wood
- Monash University, Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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15
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Wang Q, de Dood MJA. An absorption-based superconducting nano-detector as a near-field optical probe. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:3682-3692. [PMID: 23481824 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.003682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the use of a superconducting nano-detector as a novel near-field probe. In contrast to conventional scanning near-field optical microscopes, the nano-detector absorbs and detects photons in the near-field. We show that this absorption-based probe has a higher collection efficiency and investigate the details of the interaction between the nano detector and the dipole emitter. To this end, we introduce a multipole model to describe the interaction. Calculations of the local density of states show that the nano-detector does not strongly modify the emission rate of a dipole, especially when compared to traditional metal probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden, 2333CA, The Netherlands.
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Andolfi L, Trevisan E, Zweyer M, Prato S, Troian B, Vita F, Borelli V, Soranzo MR, Melato M, Zabucchi G. The crocidolite fibres interaction with human mesothelial cells as investigated by combining electron microscopy, atomic force and scanning near-field optical microscopy. J Microsc 2013; 249:173-83. [PMID: 23305229 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have performed a morphological analysis of crocidolite fibres interaction with mesothelial cells (MET5A) by combining conventional electron microscopy with atomic force (AFM) and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). After 6-h exposure at a crocidolite dose of 5 μg cm(-2), 90% of MET5A cells interact with fibres that under these conditions have a low cytotoxic effect. SEM images point out that fibres can be either engulfed by the cells that lose their typical morphology or they can accumulate over or partially inside the cells, which preserve their typical spread morphology. By using AFM we are able to directly visualize the entry-site of nanometric-sized fibres at the plasma membrane of the spread mesothelial cells. More importantly, the crocidolite fibres that are observed to penetrate the plasma membrane in SNOM topography can be simultaneously followed beneath the cell surface in the SNOM optical images. The analysis of SNOM data demonstrates the entrance of crocidolite fibres in proximity of nuclear compartment, as observed also in the TEM images. Our findings indicate that the combination of conventional electron microscopy with novel nanoscopic techniques can be considered a promising approach to achieve a comprehensive morphological description of the interaction between asbestos fibres and mesothelial cells that represents the early event in fibre pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andolfi
- Clinical Department of Medical, Chirurgical and Healthy Science, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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Lucas M, Riedo E. Invited review article: combining scanning probe microscopy with optical spectroscopy for applications in biology and materials science. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:061101. [PMID: 22755608 DOI: 10.1063/1.4720102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review of the combination of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) with various optical spectroscopies, with a particular focus on Raman spectroscopy. Efforts to combine SPM with optical spectroscopy will be described, and the technical difficulties encountered will be examined. These efforts have so far focused mainly on the development of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, a powerful technique to detect and image chemical signatures with single molecule sensitivity, which will be reviewed. Beyond tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and/or topography measurements, combinations of SPM with optical spectroscopy have a great potential in the characterization of structure and quantitative measurements of physical properties, such as mechanical, optical, or electrical properties, in delicate biological samples and nanomaterials. The different approaches to improve the spatial resolution, the chemical sensitivity, and the accuracy of physical properties measurements will be discussed. Applications of such combinations for the characterization of structure, defects, and physical properties in biology and materials science will be reviewed. Due to the versatility of SPM probes for the manipulation and characterization of small and/or delicate samples, this review will mainly focus on the apertureless techniques based on SPM probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Lucas
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA.
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Wood BR, Asghari-Khiavi M, Bailo E, McNaughton D, Deckert V. Detection of nano-oxidation sites on the surface of hemoglobin crystals using tip-enhanced Raman scattering. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:1555-1560. [PMID: 22324311 DOI: 10.1021/nl2044106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin nanocrystals were analyzed with tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) and conventional resonance Raman scattering (RRS) using 532 nm excitation. The extremely high spatial resolution of TERS enables selective enhancement of heme, protein, and amino acid bands from the crystal surface not observed in the SERRS or RRS spectra. Two bands appearing at 1378 and 1355 cm(-1) assigned to the ferric and ferrous oxidation state marker bands, respectively, were observed in both TERS and SERRS spectra but not in the RRS spectrum of the bulk sample. The results indicate that nanoscale oxidation changes are occurring at the hemoglobin crystal surface. These changes could be explained by oxygen exchange at the crystal surface and demonstrate the potential of the TERS technique to obtain structural information not possible with conventional Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayden R Wood
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Hofer M, Adamsmaier S, van Zanten TS, Chtcheglova LA, Manzo C, Duman M, Mayer B, Ebner A, Moertelmaier M, Kada G, Garcia-Parajo MF, Hinterdorfer P, Kienberger F. Molecular recognition imaging using tuning fork-based transverse dynamic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2010; 110:605-11. [PMID: 20226591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate simultaneous transverse dynamic force microscopy and molecular recognition imaging using tuning forks as piezoelectric sensors. Tapered aluminum-coated glass fibers were chemically functionalized with biotin and anti-lysozyme molecules and attached to one of the prongs of a 32kHz tuning fork. The lateral oscillation amplitude of the tuning fork was used as feedback signal for topographical imaging of avidin aggregates and lysozyme molecules on mica substrate. The phase difference between the excitation and detection signals of the tuning fork provided molecular recognition between avidin/biotin or lysozyme/anti-lysozyme. Aggregates of avidin and lysozyme molecules appeared as features with heights of 1-4nm in the topographic images, consistent with single molecule atomic force microscopy imaging. Recognition events between avidin/biotin or lysozyme/anti-lysozyme were detected in the phase image at high signal-to-noise ratio with phase shifts of 1-2 degrees. Because tapered glass fibers and shear-force microscopy based on tuning forks are commonly used for near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), these results open the door to the exciting possibility of combining optical, topographic and biochemical recognition at the nanometer scale in a single measurement and in liquid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hofer
- University of Linz, Institute for Biophysics, Altenbergerstr. 69, Linz, Austria
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Novel approaches for scanning near-field optical microscopy imaging of oligodendrocytes in culture. Neuroimage 2010; 49:517-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Guieu V, Garrigue P, Lagugné-Labarthet F, Servant L, Sojic N, Talaga D. Remote surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy imaging via a nanostructured optical fiber bundle. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:24030-24035. [PMID: 20052115 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.024030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Remote surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) imaging of an adsorbed monolayer was demonstrated through a nanostructured array of conical tips inscribed onto the distal face of a 30 cm optical fiber bundle. Despite intense Raman signal from the germanium oxide doped fibers, the Raman signal of an adsorbed monolayer of a reference compound (benzene thiol) was detected in the fingerprint region. This opens up the possibility of local remote imaging through an optical fiber that embeds a SERS active platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Guieu
- Université Bordeaux 1, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence cedex, France
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Hu M, Chen J, Wang J, Wang X, Ma S, Cai J, Chen CY, Chen ZW. AFM- and NSOM-based force spectroscopy and distribution analysis of CD69 molecules on human CD4+T cell membrane. J Mol Recognit 2009; 22:516-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Optical fibre SERS sensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1761-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tip-Enhanced Raman Imaging and Nanospectroscopy: Sensitivity, Symmetry, and Selection Rules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12030-008-9015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yu Y, Blake P, Roper DK. Tapered optical fibers designed for surface plasmon resonance phase matching. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:59-63. [PMID: 19061312 PMCID: PMC2669781 DOI: 10.1021/la801953z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Combining a modified two-step chemical etch method with equations to predict etch parameters and photon-plasmon phase-matching resulted in single-mode tapered optical fibers (TOFs) to optimize electromagnetic field enhancement. The phase-matching equation was used to identify the angle of incidence near the TOF cutoff radius at which surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is maximized. The axisymmetric Young-Laplace equation was used to predict the angle of incidence from the fabrication of a TOF via chemical etching. An optimal cone angle of 20.0 degrees , angles of incidence averaging (81.6 +/- 1.9) degrees , and tip diameters of (80.0 +/- 14.1) nm were achieved through a two-step etching process. These TOF characteristics maximize SPR excitation and field enhancement. The refractive index for optimized SPR excitation in the fabricated TOFs at a wavelength of 650 nm was found to be 1.343.
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Zoriy MV, Becker JS. Near-field laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a novel elemental analytical technique at the nanometer scale. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:23-30. [PMID: 19051233 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An analytical technique utilizing a near-field effect (to enhance the incident light energy on the thin tip of an Ag needle) in a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (NF-LA-ICP-MS) procedure was developed. To produce the thin needles with a tip diameter in the hundreds of nm range a robust needle etching procedure was established. The 'sample-to-tip' distance was controlled via the measurement of a tunnel current between the needle and sample surface. The NF-LA-ICP-MS technique thus developed was applied for the analysis of copper isotopic standard reference material NIST SRM 976 and tungsten-molybdenum alloy NIST SRM 480 in the nm resolution range. The observed craters ranged from 200 nm to about 2 microm in diameter and were dependent on the needle used as well as on the 'sample-to-tip' distance. The mass spectrometric measurements of (63)Cu(+) ion intensity on NIST SRM 976 showed that using near-field enhancement in laser ablation allowed a roughly 6-fold increase in the ion intensity of the analyte when the needle was about 100 nm (and below) from the surface, in contrast to when it was far away (e.g. 10 microm) from the sample. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the (65)Cu(+)/(63)Cu(+) isotopic ratio measurements by NF-LA-ICP-MS was 3.9% (n = 9). The detection efficiencies obtained for the compared LA-ICP-MS and NF-LA-ICP-MS methods were found to be 4.6 x 10(-3) counts per second (cps)/ablated atom and 2.7 x 10(-5) cps/ablated atom, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myroslav V Zoriy
- Central Division of Analytical Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Kitahama Y, Itoh T, Aoyama JI, Nishikata K, Ozaki Y. SERRS fiber probe: fabrication of silver nanoparticles at the aperture of an optical fiber used for SNOM. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:6563-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b909603e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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ZWEYER M, TROIAN B, SPREAFICO V, PRATO S. SNOM on cell thin sections: observation of Jurkat and MDAMB453 cells. J Microsc 2008; 229:440-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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NSOM/QD-based nanoscale immunofluorescence imaging of antigen-specific T-cell receptor responses during an in vivo clonal Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell expansion. Blood 2007; 111:4220-32. [PMID: 18039956 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-07-101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale imaging of an in vivo antigen-specific T-cell immune response has not been reported. Here, the combined near-field scanning optical microscopy- and fluorescent quantum dot-based nanotechnology was used to perform immunofluorescence imaging of antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) response in an in vivo model of clonal T-cell expansion. The near-field scanning optical microscopy/quantum dot system provided a best-optical-resolution (<50 nm) nano-scale imaging of Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR on the membrane of nonstimulated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells. Before Ag-induced clonal expansion, these nonstimulating Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCRs appeared to be distributed differently from their alphabeta TCR counterparts on the cell surface. Surprisingly, Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR nanoclusters not only were formed but also sustained on the membrane during an in vivo clonal expansion of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells after phosphoantigen treatment or phosphoantigen plus mycobacterial infection. The TCR nanoclusters could array to form nanodomains or microdomains on the membrane of clonally expanded Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells. Interestingly, expanded Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells bearing TCR nanoclusters or nanodomains were able to rerecognize phosphoantigen and to exert better effector function. These studies provided nanoscale insight into the in vivo T-cell immune response.
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Ozcan A, Cubukcu E, Bilenca A, Crozier KB, Bouma BE, Capasso F, Tearney GJ. Differential near-field scanning optical microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:2609-16. [PMID: 17090100 DOI: 10.1021/nl062110v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically and experimentally illustrate a new apertured near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) technique, termed differential NSOM (DNSOM). It involves scanning a relatively large (e.g., 0.3-2 mum wide) rectangular aperture (or a detector) in the near-field of an object and recording detected power as a function of the scanning position. The image reconstruction is achieved by taking a two-dimensional derivative of the recorded power map. Unlike conventional apertured NSOM, the size of the rectangular aperture/detector does not determine the resolution in DNSOM; instead, the resolution is practically determined by the sharpness of the corners of the rectangular aperture/detector. Principles of DNSOM can also be extended to other aperture/detector geometries such as triangles and parallelograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydogan Ozcan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Abstract
There is a wealth of new fluorescent reporter technologies for tagging of many cellular and subcellular processes in vivo. This imposed contrast is now captured with an increasing number of available imaging methods that offer new ways to visualize and quantify fluorescent markers distributed in tissues. This is an evolving field of imaging sciences that has already achieved major advances but is also facing important challenges. It is nevertheless well poised to significantly impact the ways of biological research, drug discovery, and clinical practice in the years to come. Herein, the most pertinent technologies associated with in vivo noninvasive or minimally invasive fluorescence imaging of tissues are summarized. Focus is given to small-animal imaging. However, while a broad spectrum of fluorescence reporter technologies and imaging methods are outlined, as necessary for biomedical research, and clinical translation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Laboratory for Bio-Optics and Molecular Imaging, Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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