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Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles-based electrochemical chemosensors for selective determination of cilostazol and its pharmacologically active primary metabolite in human plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113542. [PMID: 34391178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles-based differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) chemosensors for antiplatelet drug substance, cilostazol (CIL), and its pharmacologically active primary metabolite, 3,4-dehydrocilostazol (dhCIL), selective determination in human plasma were devised, prepared, and tested. Molecular mechanics (MM), molecular dynamics (MD), and density functional theory (DFT) simulations provided the optimum structure and predicted the stability of the pre-polymerization complex of the CIL template with the chosen functional acrylic monomers. Moreover, they accounted for the MIP selectivity manifested by the molecularly imprinted cavity with the CIL molecule complex stability higher than that for each interference. On this basis, a fast and reliable method for determining both compounds was developed to meet an essential requirement concerning the personalized drug dosage adjustment. The limit of detection (LOD) at the signal-to-noise ratio of S/N = 3 in DPV and EIS determinations using the ferrocene redox probe in a "gate effect" mode was 93.5 (±2.2) and 86.5 (±4.6) nM CIL, respectively, and the linear dynamic concentration range extended from 134 nM to 2.58 μM in both techniques. The chemosensor was highly selective to common biological interferences, including cholesterol and glucose, and less selective to structurally similar dehydroaripiprazole. Advantageously, it responded to dhCIL, thus allowing for the determination of CIL and dhCIL together. The EIS chemosensor appeared slightly superior to the DPV chemosensor concerning its selectivity to interferences. The CIL DPV sorption data were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherms. The determined sorption parameters indicated that the imprinted cavities were relatively homogeneous and efficiently interacted with the CIL molecule.
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Shen Y, Jiang B, Hu X, Chen J, Xu Y, Ruan Z, Yang D, Lou H. A new simple method for quantification of cilostazol and its active metabolite in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetics of cilostazol associated with CYP genotypes in healthy Chinese population. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5150. [PMID: 33894005 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and fully automated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of cilostazol (CIL) and its active metabolite, 3,4-dehydro cilostazol (CIL-M), in human plasma. Plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation in 2 mL 96-deep-well plates, and all liquid transfer steps were performed through robotic liquid handling workstation, enabling the whole procedure fast, compared to the reported methods. Separation of analytes was successfully achieved on a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with mobile phase A (5 mM ammonium formate containing 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B (methanol) at a flow rate of 0.30 mL min-1 . The total run time was 3.5 min per sample. Mass spectrometric detection was conducted by electrospray ion source in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 1.0-800 ng·mL-1 for CIL and 0.05-400 ng·mL-1 for CIL-M. The coefficient of variation for the assay's precision was 12.3%, and the accuracy was 88.8-99.8%. It was fully validated and successfully applied to assess the influence of CYP genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of CIL after oral administration of 50 mg tablet formulations of CIL to healthy Chinese volunteers. The results suggest that, in Chinese population, the genotype of CYP3A5 affects the plasma exposure of CIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yichao Xu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zourong Ruan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honggang Lou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Cui A, Kim YH, Ghim JL, Ah Jung J, Cho SH, Choe S, Choi HY, Bae KS, Lim HS. Pharmacokinetic modeling analysis of cilostazol and its active metabolites (OPC-13015 and OPC-13213) after multiple oral doses of cilostazol in healthy Korean volunteers. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:288-296. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1629042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Cui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyul Ghim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ah Jung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Choe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Youn Choi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Seop Bae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Seok Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim YH, Ghim JL, Jung JA, Cho SH, Choe S, Choi HY, Bae KS, Lim HS. Pharmacokinetic comparison of sustained- and immediate-release formulations of cilostazol after multiple oral doses in fed healthy male Korean volunteers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3571-7. [PMID: 26185423 PMCID: PMC4501444 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background A new extended-release form of cilostazol has recently been developed. This study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of sustained-release (SR) and immediate-release (IR) formulations of cilostazol after multiple oral doses in healthy male Korean volunteers. Methods This was an open-label, randomized, multiple-dose, crossover study conducted in 30 healthy Korean subjects. In each treatment period, subjects received oral doses of 200 mg SR formulation every 24 hours or 100 mg IR formulation every 12 hours for 5 consecutive days in a fed state, with a washout period of 9 days. The plasma concentrations of cilostazol and its metabolites were determined using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve within a dosing interval (AUCT), the measured peak plasma concentration at steady state (Cmax,ss), and the time to reach Cmax,ss (tmax,ss) were analyzed using a noncompartmental method. Results A total of 24 healthy male subjects completed the study. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) AUCT (96–120 hours) values for SR and IR were 27,378.0 (10,301.6) ng·h/mL and 27,860.3 (7,152.3) ng·h/mL, respectively. The mean (SD) Cmax,ss values were 2,741.4 (836.0) ng/mL and 2,051.0 (433.2) ng/mL, respectively. The median tmax,ss values were 8.0 hours and 4.0 hours, respectively. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) of the SR to IR formulations were 0.937 (0.863–1.017), 0.960 (0.883–1.043), and 0.935 (0.859–1.017) for AUCT and 0.644 (0.590–0.703), 0.586 (0.536–0.642), and 0.636 (0.577–0.702) for dose-normalized Cmax,ss of cilostazol, OPC-13015 (3,4-dehydro-cilostazol), and OPC-13213 (4′-trans-hydroxyl-cilostazol), respectively. All formulations were well tolerated. Conclusion At steady state, the AUCT of cilostazol SR 200 mg is comparable to that of cilostazol IR 100 mg twice a day in healthy male Korean subjects. Both formulations are well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyul Ghim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ah Jung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Choe
- Clinical Trials Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Youn Choi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Seop Bae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Seok Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bhatt NM, Chavada VD, Patel DP, Sharma P, Sanyal M, Shrivastav PS. Determination of cilostazol and its active metabolite 3,4-dehydro cilostazol from small plasma volume by UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Anal 2014; 5:1-11. [PMID: 29403909 PMCID: PMC5761466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC−MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of cilostazol and its pharmacologically active metabolite 3,4-dehydro cilostazol in human plasma using deuterated analogs as internal standards (ISs). Plasma samples were prepared using solid phase extraction and chromatographic separation was performed on UPLC BEH C18 (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column. The method was established over a concentration range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL for cilostazol and 0.5–500 ng/mL for 3,4-dehydro cilostazol. Intra- and inter-batch precision (% CV) and accuracy for the analytes were found within 0.93–1.88 and 98.8–101.7% for cilostazol and 0.91–2.79 and 98.0–102.7% for the metabolite respectively. The assay recovery was within 95–97% for both the analytes and internal standards. The method was successfully applied to support a bioequivalence study of 100 mg cilostazol in 30 healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejal M Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay D Chavada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Daxesh P Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Primal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Mallika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier׳s College, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Pranav S Shrivastav
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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Pareek D, Jain S, Basniwal PK, Jain D. RP-HPLC determination of cilostazol in human plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic study in male albino rabbit. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jain R, Sharma R. Novel bismuth/multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical sensor for the determination of neuroprotective drug cilostazol. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-012-0402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pharmacokinetic comparison of sustained- and immediate-release oral formulations of cilostazol in healthy Korean subjects: a randomized, open-label, 3-part, sequential, 2-period, crossover, single-dose, food-effect, and multiple-dose study. Clin Ther 2011; 33:2038-53. [PMID: 22129569 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sustained-release (SR) formulation of cilostazol was recently developed in Korea and was expected to yield a lower C(max) and a similar AUC to the immediate-release (IR) formulation. OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of a newly developed SR formulation and an IR formulation of cilostazol after single- and multiple-dose administration and to evaluate the influence of food in healthy Korean subjects. This study was developed as part of a product development project at the request of the Korean regulatory agency. METHODS This was a randomized, 3-part, sequential, open-label, 2-period crossover study. Each part consisted of different subjects between the ages of 19 and 55 years. In part 1, each subject received a single dose of SR (200 mg × 1 tablet, once daily) and IR (100 mg × 2 tablets, BID) formulations of cilostazol orally 7 days apart in a fasted state. In part 2, each subject received a single dose of the SR (200 mg × 1 tablet, once daily) formulation of cilostazol 7 days apart in a fasted and a fed state. In part 3, each subject received multiple doses of the 2 formulations for 8 consecutive days 21 days apart. Blood samples were taken for 72 hours after the dose. Cilostazol pharmacokinetics were determined for both the parent drug and its metabolites (OPC-13015 and OPC-13213). Adverse events were evaluated through interviews and physical examinations. RESULTS Among the 92 enrolled subjects (66 men, 26 women; part 1, n = 26; part 2, n = 26; part 3, n = 40), 87 completed the study. In part 1, all the primary pharmacokinetic parameters satisfied the criterion for assumed bioequivalence both in cilostazol and its metabolites, yielding 90% CI ratios of 0.9624 to 1.2323, 0.8873 to 1.1208, and 0.8919 to 1.1283 for C(max) and 0.8370 to 1.0134, 0.8204 to 0.9807, and 0.8134 to 0.9699 for AUC(0-last) of cilostazol, OPC-13015, and OPC-13213, respectively. In part 2, food intake increased C(max) and AUC significantly (P < 0.0001), yielding geometric mean ratios of 3.2879, 2.9894, and 3.0592 for C(max) and 1.7001, 1.7689, and 1.6976 for AUC(0-last) of cilostazol, OPC-13015, and OPC-13213. In part 3, only the C(ssmax) of clilostazol in the reference formulation did not satisfy the criterion for assumed bioequivalence, yielding 90% CI ratios of 1.2693 to 1.4238 and 1.2038 to 1.3441, respectively. When each dose was normalized, the C(max) for the SR formulation was significantly lower (P < 0.005 for cilostazol). Headache was the most frequently noted adverse effect (part 1, a total of 14 subjects with the IR formulation and 14 with the SR formulation; part 2, a total of 10 without food and 23 with a high-fat meal; part 3, a total of 10 with the IR formulation and 24 with the SR formulation), followed by nausea (part 1, none; part 2, only 1 without food and 3 with a high-fat meal; part 3, a total of 3 with the IR formulation and 3 with the SR formulation), and then dizziness (parts 1 and 2, none; part 3, a total of 4 with the IR formulation and 5 with the SR formulation). All other AEs, including fever, cough, vomiting, palpitation, diarrhea, and epigastric pain, occurred in <3 subjects. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in this select group of healthy Korean volunteers, the SR formulation of cilostazol was not significantly different in AUC compared with that of the IR formulation, although it did display a significantly lower C(max) per dose in both the single- and multiple-dose groups. Food significantly increased the bioavailability of the SR formulation. The cilostazol SR and IR formulations were well tolerated in all parts of the study, with no serious adverse events reported. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01455558.
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Chung HJ, Kim NS, Kim EJ, Kim TK, Ryu KH, Lee BY, Kim DH, Jin CB, Yoo HH. Negligible Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on the Pharmacokinetics of Cilostazol. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1520-1531. [PMID: 17103385 DOI: 10.1002/jms.958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Nirogi RVS, Kandikere VN, Shukla M, Mudigonda K, Maurya S. Quantification of tizanidine in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:2286-92. [PMID: 16810637 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography/positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the assay of tizanidine in human plasma. Following liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed-phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 50-5000 pg/mL for tizanidine in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 50 pg/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 13%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 300 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna V S Nirogi
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road #7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
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Nirogi RVS, Kandikere VN, Shukla M, Mudigonda K, Maurya S, Boosi R. Quantification of clopidogrel in human plasma by sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:1695-700. [PMID: 16637000 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography/positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the assay of clopidogrel in human plasma. Following liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed-phase column and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H](+) ions, m/z 322/212 for clopidogrel and m/z 264/154 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 5-6000 pg/mL for clopidogrel in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 5 pg/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 8%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna V S Nirogi
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road # 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
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Nirogi RVS, Kandikere VN, Shukla M, Mudigonda K, Maurya S, Komarneni P. High-throughput quantification of perindopril in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: application to a bioequivalence study. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:1864-70. [PMID: 16715478 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography/positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of perindopril in human plasma. Following liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed-phase column and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H](+) ions, m/z 369/172 for perindopril and m/z 417/234 for the internal standard. The method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.1-100 ng/mL for perindopril in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 6.1%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 2.0 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 450 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna V S Nirogi
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road #7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India
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