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Doting EL, Davie-Martin CL, Johansen A, Benning LG, Tranter M, Rinnan R, Anesio AM. Greenland Ice Sheet Surfaces Colonized by Microbial Communities Emit Volatile Organic Compounds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:886293. [PMID: 35747370 PMCID: PMC9211068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.886293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted by organisms for a range of physiological and ecological reasons. They play an important role in biosphere–atmosphere interactions and contribute to the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. The Greenland ice sheet is home to a variety of microbial communities, including highly abundant glacier ice algae, yet nothing is known about the VOCs emitted by glacial communities. For the first time, we present VOC emissions from supraglacial habitats colonized by active microbial communities on the southern Greenland ice sheet during July 2020. Emissions of C5–C30 compounds from bare ice, cryoconite holes, and red snow were collected using a push–pull chamber active sampling system. A total of 92 compounds were detected, yielding mean total VOC emission rates of 3.97 ± 0.70 μg m–2 h–1 from bare ice surfaces (n = 31), 1.63 ± 0.13 μg m–2 h–1 from cryoconite holes (n = 4), and 0.92 ± 0.08 μg m–2 h–1 from red snow (n = 2). No correlations were found between VOC emissions and ice surface algal counts, but a weak positive correlation (r = 0.43, p = 0.015, n = 31) between VOC emission rates from bare ice surfaces and incoming shortwave radiation was found. We propose that this may be due to the stress that high solar irradiance causes in bare ice microbial communities. Acetophenone, benzaldehyde, and phenylmaleic anhydride, all of which have reported antifungal activity, accounted for 51.1 ± 11.7% of emissions from bare ice surfaces, indicating a potential defense strategy against fungal infections. Greenland ice sheet microbial habitats are, hence, potential sources of VOCs that may play a role in supraglacial microbial interactions, as well as local atmospheric chemistry, and merit future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva L. Doting
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Eva L. Doting,
| | - Cleo L. Davie-Martin
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Johansen
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Liane G. Benning
- Interface Geochemistry, German Research Centre for Geosciences, GFZ Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martyn Tranter
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandre M. Anesio
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Alexandre M. Anesio,
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Nazarenko Y, Rangel-Alvarado RB, Kos G, Kurien U, Ariya PA. Novel aerosol analysis approach for characterization of nanoparticulate matter in snow. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4480-4493. [PMID: 27943145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric aerosols are involved in several key atmospheric processes: from ice nucleation, cloud formation, and precipitation to weather and climate. The impact of aerosols on these atmospheric processes depends on the chemical and physical characteristics of aerosol particles, and these characteristics are still largely uncertain. In this study, we developed a system for processing and aerosolization of melted snow in particle-free air, coupled with a real-time measurement of aerosol size distributions. The newly developed technique involves bringing snow-borne particles into an airborne state, which enables application of high-resolution aerosol analysis and sampling techniques. This novel analytical approach was compared to a variety of complementary existing analytical methods as applied for characterization of snow samples from remote sites in Alert (Canada) and Barrow (USA), as well as urban Montreal (Canada). The dry aerosol measurements indicated a higher abundance of particles of all sizes, and the 30 nm size dominated in aerosol size distributions for the Montreal samples, closely followed by Barrow, with about 30% fewer 30 nm particles, and about four times lower 30 nm particle abundance in Alert samples, where 15 nm particles were most abundant instead. The aerosolization technique, used together with nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy, allowed measurement of a wide size range of snow-borne particles in various environmental snow samples. Here, we discuss the application of the new technique to achieve better physicochemical understanding of atmospheric and snow processes. The results showed high sensitivity and reduction of particle aggregation, as well as the ability to measure a high-resolution snow-borne particle size distribution, including nanoparticulate matter in the range of 10 to 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen Nazarenko
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Rangel-Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Gregor Kos
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Uday Kurien
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Parisa A Ariya
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada.
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Stathis AA, Hendrickson-Stives AK, Kahan TF. Photolysis Kinetics of Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes at Ice Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6693-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa A. Stathis
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Albanie K. Hendrickson-Stives
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Tara F. Kahan
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Nazarenko Y, Kurien U, Nepotchatykh O, Rangel-Alvarado RB, Ariya PA. Role of snow and cold environment in the fate and effects of nanoparticles and select organic pollutants from gasoline engine exhaust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:190-199. [PMID: 26758961 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00616c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to vehicle exhaust can drive up to 70 % of excess lifetime cancer incidences due to air pollution in urban environments. Little is known about how exhaust-derived particles and organic pollutants, implicated in adverse health effects, are affected by freezing ambient temperatures and the presence of snow. Airborne particles and (semi)volatile organic constituents in dilute exhaust were studied in a novel low-temperature environmental chamber system containing natural urban snow under controlled cold environmental conditions. The presence of snow altered the aerosol size distributions of dilute exhaust in the 10 nm to 10 μm range and decreased the number density of the nanoparticulate (<100 nm) fraction of exhaust aerosols, yet increased the 100-150 nm fraction. Upon 1 hour exhaust exposure, the total organic carbon increased in the natural snow from 0.218 ± 0.014 to 0.539 ± 0.009 mg L(-1), and over 40 additional (semi)volatile organic compounds and a large number of exhaust-derived carbonaceous and likely organic particles were identified. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) increased from near the detection limit to 52.48, 379.5, 242.7, and 238.1 μg kg(-1) (± 10 %), respectively, indicating the absorption of exhaust-derived toxic organic compounds by snow. The alteration of exhaust aerosol size distributions at freezing temperatures and in the presence of snow, accompanied by changes of the organic pollutant content in snow, has potential to alter health effects of human exposure to vehicle exhaust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen Nazarenko
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada.
| | - Uday Kurien
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada.
| | - Oleg Nepotchatykh
- PO-Laboratories, Inc., 609 McCaffrey Street, Saint-Laurent, QC H4T 1N3, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Rangel-Alvarado
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Parisa A Ariya
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada
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Recent Developments and Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) in Food and Environmental Analysis—A Review. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Walsh CD, Schrlau J, Simonich SM. Development and Use of a Method for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Organochlorine Pesticide Concentrations in Freshly Fallen Snow. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.910239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kos G, Kanthasami V, Adechina N, Ariya PA. Volatile organic compounds in Arctic snow: concentrations and implications for atmospheric processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:2592-2603. [PMID: 25249335 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the snowpack for atmospheric oxidation, gas-particle transfer and aerosol formation remains poorly understood, partly due to a lack of methodology and unavailable data. We deployed solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) gas chromatography with flame ionization detection for measurement of halogenated, aromatic and oxygenated VOC in the snow pack in Alert, NU, Canada, a High Arctic site. Maximum concentrations in snow were 39 ± 6 μg L(-1) (styrene), indicating a potential VOC contribution to atmospheric oxidation and aerosol formation. Concurrently sampled air had concentrations of up to 1.0 ± 0.3 ng L(-1) (trichloroethene). Back trajectory data showed a change of air mass source region during a depletion event of several VOC in snow (e.g., trichloroethene and benzene). Snow profiles showed an enrichment of most compounds close to the surface. During a second study in Barrow, AK, USA VOC were quantified in snow and frost flowers in the Montreal lab. In Barrow work was carried out as part of the extensive OASIS (Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea Ice-Snowpack) field campaign. Maximum VOC concentrations were up to 1.3 ± 0.1 μg L(-1) (acetophenone). Bromoform in frost flowers averaged 0.19 ± 0.04 μg L(-1), indicating the potential to contribute to bromine generation through photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kos
- McGill University, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada.
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Zaitsev VN, Zui MF. Preconcentration by solid-phase microextraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814080139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ariya PA, Kos G, Mortazavi R, Hudson ED, Kanthasamy V, Eltouny N, Sun J, Wilde C. Bio-organic materials in the atmosphere and snow: measurement and characterization. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 339:145-99. [PMID: 23832685 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bio-organic chemicals are ubiquitous in the Earth's atmosphere and at air-snow interfaces, as well as in aerosols and in clouds. It has been known for centuries that airborne biological matter plays various roles in the transmission of disease in humans and in ecosystems. The implication of chemical compounds of biological origins in cloud condensation and in ice nucleation processes has also been studied during the last few decades, and implications have been suggested in the reduction of visibility, in the influence on oxidative potential of the atmosphere and transformation of compounds in the atmosphere, in the formation of haze, change of snow-ice albedo, in agricultural processes, and bio-hazards and bio-terrorism. In this review we critically examine existing observation data on bio-organic compounds in the atmosphere and in snow. We also review both conventional and cutting-edge analytical techniques and methods for measurement and characterisation of bio-organic compounds and specifically for microbial communities, in the atmosphere and snow. We also explore the link between biological compounds and nucleation processes. Due to increased interest in decreasing emissions of carbon-containing compounds, we also briefly review (in an Appendix) methods and techniques that are currently deployed for bio-organic remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Ariya
- Departments of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, Canada,
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Voisin D, Jaffrezo JL, Houdier S, Barret M, Cozic J, King MD, France JL, Reay HJ, Grannas A, Kos G, Ariya PA, Beine HJ, Domine F. Carbonaceous species and humic like substances (HULIS) in Arctic snowpack during OASIS field campaign in Barrow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Kos G, Ariya PA. Volatile organic compounds in snow in the Quebec-Windsor Corridor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sieg K, Starokozhev E, Schmidt MU, Püttmann W. Inverse temperature dependence of Henry's law coefficients for volatile organic compounds in supercooled water. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:8-14. [PMID: 19604535 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Upon supercooling, water expels volatile organic compounds (VOC), and Henry's law coefficients are increasing concomitant with decreasing temperature. This unexpected observation was found by measuring the VOC partitioning between supercooled water and gas phase in the temperature range from -5 degrees C to -15 degrees C for benzene, toluene, ethlybenzene, m-, p-, o-xylenes (BTEX), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE). Aqueous standard solutions were analyzed using a static headspace method in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Dimensionless Henry's law coefficients (K(AW)) were calculated from measurements of the concentration of the VOCs in the headspace above the standard solutions at temperatures between -25 degrees C and 25 degrees C. The results show that the well known temperature dependence of Henry's law coefficients at temperatures above 0 degrees C is inversed upon decreasing the temperature below 0 degrees C and formation of supercooled water while decreasing the temperature to -15 degrees C. Upon further decrease of the temperature to -25 degrees C freezing of the supercooled water occurs. K(AW) values increase from 0.092 (benzene), 0.099 (toluene), 0.098 (ethylbenzene), 0.117 (m/p-xylene), 0.076 (o-xylene), 0.012 (MTBE) and 0.014 (ETBE at 5 degrees C to 0.298 (benzene), 0.498 (toluene), 0.944 (ethylbenzene), 0.327 (m/p-xylene), 0.342 (o-xylene), 0.029 (MTBE) and 0.041 (ETBE) at -25 degrees C, respectively. Inversion of Henry coefficients upon cooling the aqueous solutions to temperatures below 0 degrees C is explained by the increasing formation of ice-like clusters in the water below 0 degrees C. The VOC are expelled from these clusters resulting in enhanced VOC concentrations in the gas phase upon supercooling. Formation of ice upon further cooling to -25 degrees C results in a further increase of the VOC concentrations in the gas phase above the ice. The findings have implications for the partitioning of VOC in clouds between the gas phase, supercooled water droplets, aerosol particles and ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Sieg
- Goethe-University, Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Fries E, Sieg K, Püttmann W, Jaeschke W, Winterhalter R, Williams J, Moortgat GK. Benzene, alkylated benzenes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and monoterpenes in snow/ice at Jungfraujoch (46.6 degrees N, 8.0 degrees E) during CLACE 4 and 5. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 391:269-277. [PMID: 18031793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, alkylated benzenes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and monoterpenes were measured in snow/ice collected directly in-cloud at Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl) in February and March 2005 and 2006 during the CLoud and Aerosol Characterization Experiments CLACE 4 and CLACE 5. Melted snow/ice samples were analyzed by headspace-solid-phase-dynamic-extraction (HS-SPDE) followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Generally, there was a tendency in the results that higher concentrations were found after longer precipitation-free periods, suggesting that higher concentrations in snow/ice may be caused by the washout effect of precipitation. High concentration variations in snow/ice samples taken at the same time at the same place highlight the heterogeneous nature of snow/ice. Air concentrations calculated by scavenging ratios and measured snow/ice values markedly exceed the typically reported concentrations of benzene and alkylbenzenes in air (Li Y, Campana M, Reimann S, Schaub KS, Staehlin J, Peter T. Hydrocarbon concentrations at the alpine mountain sites Jungfraujoch and Arosa. Atmos Environ 2005;39:1113-27). This argues for an efficient snow/ice scavenging of those compounds from the atmosphere during precipitation formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Fries
- Institute for Atmosphere and Environment, J.W. Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Sieg K, Fries E, Püttmann W. Analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and n-aldehydes in melted snow water via solid-phase dynamic extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1178:178-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bouvier-Brown NC, Holzinger R, Palitzsch K, Goldstein AH. Quantifying sesquiterpene and oxygenated terpene emissions from live vegetation using solid-phase microextraction fibers. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:113-20. [PMID: 17610884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 05/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic terpenes play important roles in ecosystem functioning and atmospheric chemistry. Some of these compounds are semi-volatile and highly reactive, such as sesquiterpenes and oxygenated terpenes, and are thus difficult to quantify using traditional air sampling and analysis methods. We developed an alternative approach to quantify emissions from live branches using a flow through enclosure and sample collection on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. This method allows for collection and analysis of analytes with minimal sample transfer through tubing to reduce the potential for losses. We characterized performance characteristics for 65 microm polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibers using gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry and optimized experimental conditions and procedures for field collections followed by laboratory analysis. Using 10-45 min sampling times and linear calibration curves created from mixtures of terpenes, emissions of methyl chavicol, an oxygenated terpene, and an array of sesquiterpenes were quantified from a Ponderosa pine branch. The detection limit was 4.36 pmol/mol (ppt) for methyl chavicol and 16.6 ppt for beta-caryophyllene. Concentrations determined with SPME fibers agreed with measurements made using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) within the estimated error of the method for well calibrated compounds. This technique can be applied for quantification of biogenic oxygenated terpene and sesquiterpene emissions from live branches in the field.
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