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Boovarahan SR, Kurian GA. Ischemic preconditioning modulates the DNA methylation process of the rat heart to provide tolerance to withstand ischemia reperfusion injury and its associated mitochondrial dysfunction. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:121. [PMID: 38550905 PMCID: PMC10965879 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury(I/R) and the I/R injury can be combated effectively by ischemia preconditioning (IPC), but the role is DNA methylation in this process is unknown. In this study, we uncovered the role of ischemic preconditioning (IPC)- mediated cardioprotection of rat myocardium by using a Langendorff rat heart model with 30 min of ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Heart conditioned with short cycles of ischemia and reperfusion (IPC procedure) prior to I/R protocol significantly reduced the I/R-induced global DNA hypermethylation level by 32% and the DNMT activity by 33% while rendering cardioprotection. Blocking the PI3K pathway via wortmannin not only negates the cardio-protection by IPC, but also increases the methylation of DNA by 75%. Besides, the correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between PI3K gene expression and the global DNA methylation level (r = - 0.8690, p = 0.0419) in IPC-treated rat hearts. Moreover, the global level DNA hypomethylation induced by IPC exhibited a regulatory effect on the genes involved in I/R pathology mediators like apoptosis (Caspase3), mitochondrial function (PGC 1α, TFAM, ND1) and oxidative stress (CuZnSOD, SOD2), and their corresponding function. The present study results provide novel evidence for the involvement of DNA methylation in the IPC procedure, and suggest DNA methylation as one of the potential therapeutic targets regulated by ischemic preconditioning in rat hearts subjected to ischemia reperfusion. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03965-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401 India
| | - Gino A. Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401 India
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2
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Santos Silva E, Rocha S, Candeias Ramos R, Coutinho H, Catarino C, Teixeira F, Henriques G, Lopes AI, Santos-Silva A, Brites D. Bile acids profile and redox status in healthy infants. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02350-y. [PMID: 36272998 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At birth, human neonates are more likely to develop cholestasis and oxidative stress due to immaturity or other causes. We aimed to search for a potential association between bile acids profile, redox status, and type of diet in healthy infants. METHODS A cross-sectional, exploratory study enrolled 2-month-old full-term infants (n = 32). We measured plasma bile acids (total and conjugated), and red blood cell (RBC) oxidative stress biomarkers. The type of diet (breastfeeding, mixed, formula) was used as an independent variable. RESULTS Plasma total bile acids medium value was 14.80 µmol/L (IQR: 9.25-18.00). The plasma-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid percentage (CDCA%) correlated significantly and negatively with RBCs membrane-bound hemoglobin percentage (MBH%) (r = -0.635, p < 0.01) and with RBC-oxidized glutathione (r = -0.403, p < 0.05) levels. RBC oxidative stress biomarkers (especially MBH%) were predictors of conjugated CDCA%, and this predictive ability was enhanced when adjusted for the type of diet (MBH, r = 0.452, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the bile acid profile might play a role in the regulation of redox status (or vice versa) in early postnatal life. Eventually, the type of diet may have some impact on this process. IMPACT The conjugated CDCA% in plasma is negatively correlated with biomarkers of RBC oxidative stress in healthy infants. Specific biomarkers of RBC oxidative stress (e.g. MBH, GSH, GSSG) may be promising predictors of conjugated CDCA% in plasma. The type of diet may influence the predictive ability of hit RBC oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g. MBH, GSH, GSSG). Our findings suggest a link between plasma bile acids profile and the RBC redox status in healthy infants, eventually modulated by the type of diet. The recognition of this link may contribute to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for neonatal cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Santos Silva
- Gastroenterology Unit, Pediatrics Division, Child and Adolescent Department, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Integrated Master in Medicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Rocha
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Candeias Ramos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Coutinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Catarino
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Teixeira
- CoreLab, Pathology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Henriques
- CoreLab, Pathology Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Lopes
- Clínica Universitária de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Boovarahan SR, AlAsmari AF, Ali N, Khan R, Kurian GA. Targeting DNA methylation can reduce cardiac injury associated with ischemia reperfusion: One step closer to clinical translation with blood-borne assessment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1021909. [PMID: 36247432 PMCID: PMC9554207 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1021909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the main clinical challenges for cardiac surgeons. No effective strategies or therapy targeting the molecular and cellular mechanisms to reduce I/R exists to date, despite altered gene expression and cellular metabolism/physiology. We aimed to identify whether DNA methylation, an unexplored target, can be a potential site to curb I/R-associated cell death by using the left anterior descending artery occlusion model in male Wistar rats. I/R rat heart exhibited global DNA hypermethylation with a corresponding decline in the mitochondrial genes (PGC-1α, TFAM, POLG, ND1, ND3, ND4, Cyt B, COX1, and COX2), antioxidant genes (SOD2, catalase, and Gpx2) and elevation in apoptotic genes (Casp3, Casp7, and Casp9) expression with corresponding changes in their activity, resulting in injury. Targeting global DNA methylation in I/R hearts by using its inhibitor significantly reduced the I/R-associated infarct size by 45% and improved dysferlin levels via modulating the genes involved in cell death apoptotic pathway (Casp3, Casp7, and PARP), inflammation (IL-1β, TLR4, ICAM1, and MyD88), oxidative stress (SOD1, catalase, Gpx2, and NFkB) and mitochondrial function and its regulation (MT-ND1, ND3, COX1, ATP6, PGC1α, and TFAM) in the cardiac tissue. The corresponding improvement in the genes’ function was reflected in the respective hearts via the reduction in apoptotic TUNEL positive cells and ROS levels, thereby improving myocardial architecture (H&E staining), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase activity) and mitochondrial electron transport chain activities and ATP levels. The analysis of blood from the I/R animals in the presence and absence of methylation inhibition exhibited a similar pattern of changes as that observed in the cardiac tissue with respect to global DNA methylation level and its enzymes (DNMT and TET) gene expression, where the blood cardiac injury markers enzymes like LDH and CK-MB were elevated along with declined tissue levels. Based on these observations, we concluded that targeting DNA methylation to reduce the level of DNA hypermethylation can be a promising approach in ameliorating I/R injury. Additionally, the blood-borne changes reflected I/R-associated myocardial tissue alteration, making it suitable to predict I/R-linked pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Rahavi Boovarahan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gino A. Kurian
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
- *Correspondence: Gino A. Kurian, ;
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Luciani L, Galassi R, Wang J, Marchini C, Cogo A, Di Paolo ML, Dalla Via L. Coinage Metal Compounds With 4-Methoxy-Diphenylphosphane Benzoate Ligand Inhibit Female Cancer Cell Growth. Front Chem 2022; 10:924584. [PMID: 35910727 PMCID: PMC9325969 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.924584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the continuous effort to find new metal-based compounds as alternatives to platinum-related anticancer drugs, 11th group metal phosphane compounds have been thoroughly taken into consideration. Tris-arylphosphane metal derivatives have been extensively considered as heteroleptic metal compounds exhibiting remarkable cytotoxic activities. Functional groups in the aryl moieties modulate the activity reinforcing or eliminating it. Previous works have highlighted that the presence of hydrophilic groups in the phosphane ligands, such as COOH or OH, hampers the anticancer activity of gold azolate/PPh3 compounds. To increase the polarity of the triarylphosphane ligand without affecting the activity, we considered the preparation of esters starting from the 4-diphenylphosphane-benzoic acid. The resulting phosphanes are poorer donators than the PPh3, leading to poly-phosphane M(I) compounds, and they exhibit intense emissive properties. A homologous series of L3MX-type compounds (where M = Au and X = Cl, M = Cu and X = BF4, and M = Ag and X = PF6) were obtained with the 4-methoxy-diphenylphosphane benzoate. The homologous metal compounds have been characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods and, remarkably, their formation was associated with high frequencies of 31P NMR chemical shift variations (5–35 ppm in CDCl3). The new complexes and the ligand were evaluated on sensitive and cisplatin-resistant human tumor cell lines. The ligand is ineffective on cells while the complexes exert a notable antiproliferative effect. The homologous series of the L3MX complexes were able to significantly reduce the cell viability of human triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), representing the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and of ovarian carcinoma (A2780). Among these coinage metal compounds, L3AgPF6 results the most interesting, showing the lowest GI50 values in all cell lines. Interestingly, this silver complex is more cytotoxic than cisplatin, taken as reference drug. The investigation of the mechanism of action of L3AgPF6 in A2780 cells highlighted the induction of the apoptotic pathway, the depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane, and a significant accumulation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Luciani
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rossana Galassi
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rossana Galassi, ; Lisa Dalla Via,
| | - Junbiao Wang
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessia Cogo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rossana Galassi, ; Lisa Dalla Via,
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Genetically encoded tools for measuring and manipulating metabolism. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:451-460. [PMID: 35484256 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, we have seen an explosion of novel genetically encoded tools for measuring and manipulating metabolism in live cells and animals. Here, we will review the genetically encoded tools that are available, describe how these tools can be used and outline areas where future development is needed in this fast-paced field. We will focus on tools for direct measurement and manipulation of metabolites. Metabolites are master regulators of metabolism and physiology through their action on metabolic enzymes, signaling enzymes, ion channels and transcription factors, among others. We hope that this Perspective will encourage more people to use these novel reagents or even join this exciting new field to develop novel tools for measuring and manipulating metabolism.
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Döhla J, Kuuluvainen E, Gebert N, Amaral A, Englund JI, Gopalakrishnan S, Konovalova S, Nieminen AI, Salminen ES, Torregrosa Muñumer R, Ahlqvist K, Yang Y, Bui H, Otonkoski T, Käkelä R, Hietakangas V, Tyynismaa H, Ori A, Katajisto P. Metabolic determination of cell fate through selective inheritance of mitochondria. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:148-154. [PMID: 35165416 PMCID: PMC7612378 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic characteristics of adult stem cells are distinct from their differentiated progeny, and cellular metabolism is emerging as a potential driver of cell fate conversions1-4. How these metabolic features are established remains unclear. Here we identified inherited metabolism imposed by functionally distinct mitochondrial age-classes as a fate determinant in asymmetric division of epithelial stem-like cells. While chronologically old mitochondria support oxidative respiration, the electron transport chain of new organelles is proteomically immature and they respire less. After cell division, selectively segregated mitochondrial age-classes elicit a metabolic bias in progeny cells, with oxidative energy metabolism promoting differentiation in cells that inherit old mitochondria. Cells that inherit newly synthesized mitochondria with low levels of Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1 have a higher pentose phosphate pathway activity, which promotes de novo purine biosynthesis and redox balance, and is required to maintain stemness during early fate determination after division. Our results demonstrate that fate decisions are susceptible to intrinsic metabolic bias imposed by selectively inherited mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Döhla
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Kuuluvainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadja Gebert
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Amaral
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna I Englund
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Svetlana Konovalova
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni I Nieminen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ella S Salminen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Ahlqvist
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yang Yang
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hien Bui
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kurkin DV, Bakulin DA, Morkovin EI, Kalatanova AV, Makarenko IE, Dorotenko AR, Kovalev NS, Dubrovina MA, Verkholyak DV, Abrosimova EE, Smirnov AV, Shmidt MV, Tyurenkov IN. Neuroprotective action of Cortexin, Cerebrolysin and Actovegin in acute or chronic brain ischemia in rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254493. [PMID: 34260655 PMCID: PMC8279368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was the first to compare the neuroprotective activity of Cerebrolysin®, Actovegin® and Cortexin® in rodent models of acute and chronic brain ischemia. The neuroprotective action was evaluated in animals with acute (middle cerebral artery occlusion) or chronic (common carotid artery stenosis) brain ischemia models in male rats. Cortexin® (1 or 3 mg/kg/day), Cerebrolysin® (538 or 1614 mg/kg/day) and Actovegin® (200 mg/kg/day) were administered for 10 days. To assess the neurological and motor impairments, open field test, adhesive removal test, rotarod performance test and Morris water maze test were performed. Brain damage was assessed macro- and microscopically, and antioxidant system activity was measured in brain homogenates. In separate experiments in vitro binding of Cortexin® to a wide panel of receptors was assessed, and blood-brain barrier permeability of Cortexin® was assessed in mice in vivo. Cortexin® or Cerebrolysin® and, to a lesser extent, Actovegin® improved the recovery of neurological functions, reduced the severity of sensorimotor and cognitive impairments in rats. Cortexin® reduced the size of necrosis of brain tissue in acute ischemia, improved functioning of the antioxidant system and prevented the development of severe neurodegenerative changes in chronic ischemia model. Radioactively labeled Cortexin® crossed the blood-brain barrier in mice in vivo with concentrations equal to 6–8% of concentrations found in whole blood. During in vitro binding assay Cortexin® (10 μg/ml) demonstrated high or moderate binding to AMPA-receptors (80.1%), kainate receptors (73.5%), mGluR1 (49.0%), GABAA1 (44.0%) and mGluR5 (39.7%), which means that effects observed in vivo could be related on the glutamatergic and GABAergic actions of Cortexin®. Thus, Cortexin, 1 or 3 mg/kg, or Cerebrolysin®, 538 or 1614 mg/kg, were effective in models acute and chronic brain ischemia in rats. Cortexin® contains compounds acting on AMPA, kainate, mGluR1, GABAA1 and mGluR5 receptors in vitro, and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Kurkin
- Volgograd State Medical University (VSMU), Volgograd, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Bakulin
- Volgograd State Medical University (VSMU), Volgograd, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Gentilin E, Cani A, Simoni E, Chicca M, Di Paolo ML, Martini A, Astolfi L. Hydrogen peroxide toxicity on auditory cells: An in vitro study. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109575. [PMID: 34228970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, interest has increased in the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in health and disease. The ROS are key causative factors in several hearing loss pathologies including ototoxicity, noise trauma, cochlear ageing and ischemic injury. In order to investigate ROS effects on inner ear cells and counteract them, we developed an in vitro model of oxidative stress by exposing the inner ear cell line OC-k3 to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at concentrations able to affect in vivo cellular components but allowing cell survival. The treatment with high concentrations (20 and 30 μM) resulted in reduction of cell viability, activation of apoptosis/necrosis and alteration of morphology, cell cycle progression and antioxidant defences. The ROS effects in inner ear cells are difficult to assess in vivo. Organocultures may provide preservation of tissue architecture but involve ethical issues and can be used only for a limited time. An in vitro model that could be commercially available and easy to handle is necessary to investigate inner ear oxidative stress and the ways to counteract it. The OC-k3 line is a suitable in vitro model to study ROS effects on inner ear cells because the observed cell alterations and damages were similar to those reported in studies investigating ROS effects of ototoxic drugs, noise trauma and cochlear ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Gentilin
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Alice Cani
- Department of Woman and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Edi Simoni
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Milvia Chicca
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandro Martini
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "I-APPROVE - International Auditory Processing Project in Venice", University of Padua, Santi Giovanni e Paolo Hospital, ULSS3 Serenissima, Venice, Italy.
| | - Laura Astolfi
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "I-APPROVE - International Auditory Processing Project in Venice", University of Padua, Santi Giovanni e Paolo Hospital, ULSS3 Serenissima, Venice, Italy.
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Comparative Studies on the Hepatoprotective Effect of White and Coloured Rice Bran Oil against Acetaminophen-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice through Antioxidant- and Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Systems. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5510230. [PMID: 33995822 PMCID: PMC8096545 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5510230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rice bran oil (RBO) comprises various nutrients and phytochemicals which exhibit several health benefits. There are no studies regarding the functional effects of different colours of RBO. This study was aimed to compare the constituents and antioxidant activities of white rice bran oil (WRBO) and coloured rice bran oil (CRBO). Each RBO showed similar free fatty acid profiles. However, greater amounts of vitamin E, phytosterols, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were found in CRBO, which had lower γ-oryzanol content than WRBO. Oxidative stress was induced in male mice by an overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) at 300 mg/kg body weight. The mice were then fed with RBO at the equivalent dose to 100 mg/kg body weight of γ-oryzanol three hours later and sacrificed six hours after APAP treatment. The administration of 100 mg γ-oryzanol equivalent in CRBO ameliorated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice more strongly than 100 mg γ-oryzanol equivalent in WRBO, as evidenced by the significant reduction of serum ALT, hepatocellular necrosis, and hepatic lipid peroxidation. CRBO could improve xenobiotic-metabolizing and antioxidant enzyme activities, including glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, and also increase mRNA expression of various antioxidant-responsive genes. Vitamin E, phytosterols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll might be the protective compounds in CRBO that alleviate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through the interruption of APAP metabolism and the activation of antioxidant systems at both transcriptional and enzymatic levels. These findings might provide a protective role of CRBO on oxidative stress associated with several degenerative diseases.
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Matte A, Federti E, Kung C, Kosinski PA, Narayanaswamy R, Russo R, Federico G, Carlomagno F, Desbats MA, Salviati L, Leboeuf C, Valenti MT, Turrini F, Janin A, Yu S, Beneduce E, Ronseaux S, Iatcenko I, Dang L, Ganz T, Jung CL, Iolascon A, Brugnara C, De Franceschi L. The pyruvate kinase activator mitapivat reduces hemolysis and improves anemia in a β-thalassemia mouse model. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144206. [PMID: 33822774 DOI: 10.1172/jci144206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia in β-thalassemia is related to ineffective erythropoiesis and reduced red cell survival. Excess free heme and accumulation of unpaired α-globin chains impose substantial oxidative stress on β-thalassemic erythroblasts and erythrocytes, impacting cell metabolism. We hypothesized that increased pyruvate kinase activity induced by mitapivat (AG-348) in the Hbbth3/+ mouse model for β-thalassemia would reduce chronic hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis through stimulation of red cell glycolytic metabolism. Oral mitapivat administration ameliorated ineffective erythropoiesis and anemia in Hbbth3/+ mice. Increased ATP, reduced reactive oxygen species production, and reduced markers of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with improved mitochondrial clearance suggested enhanced metabolism following mitapivat administration in β-thalassemia. The amelioration of responsiveness to erythropoietin resulted in reduced soluble erythroferrone, increased liver Hamp expression, and diminished liver iron overload. Mitapivat reduced duodenal Dmt1 expression potentially by activating the pyruvate kinase M2-HIF2α axis, representing a mechanism additional to Hamp in controlling iron absorption and preventing β-thalassemia-related liver iron overload. In ex vivo studies on erythroid precursors from patients with β-thalassemia, mitapivat enhanced erythropoiesis, promoted erythroid maturation, and decreased apoptosis. Overall, pyruvate kinase activation as a treatment modality for β-thalassemia in preclinical model systems had multiple beneficial effects in the erythropoietic compartment and beyond, providing a strong scientific basis for further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Matte
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Federti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Charles Kung
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Federico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Carlomagno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, and Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, and Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Christophe Leboeuf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Anne Janin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Université Paris 7 - Denis Diderot, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Shaoxia Yu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisabetta Beneduce
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Iana Iatcenko
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Lenny Dang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chun-Ling Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Brugnara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
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11
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Chong PL, Laight D, Aspinall RJ, Higginson A, Cummings MH. A randomised placebo controlled trial of VSL#3 ® probiotic on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and liver injury in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:144. [PMID: 33794784 PMCID: PMC8015038 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk irrespective of conventional risk factors. The role of gut-liver interaction is implicated in its development. We investigated the effects of VSL#3® probiotic supplementation on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and liver injury in patients with NAFLD. METHODS A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study was undertaken. Patients with NAFLD were randomly allocated to take 2 sachets VSL#3® probiotic or placebo twice daily for 10 weeks. Measurements of endothelial function (digital photoplethysmography, sVCAM-1 and cGMP), oxidative stress (glutathione ratio and LHP), inflammation (hsCRP), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and liver injury [transaminases, fibrosis risk score and acoustic structure quantification (ASQ)] were undertaken before and after intervention. Difference in baseline characteristics between the treatment groups was analysed using independent t-test or Mann Whitney U test for non-parametric data. Independent t-test was used to compare the outcomes at the end of the study between the two treatment groups. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used to determine the difference in fibrosis risk scores before and after treatment. Spearman's correlation was used to determine any association between cardiovascular and hepatic markers at baseline. RESULTS Thirty-five patients completed the study (28 males and 7 females) with a mean age of 57 ± 8 years, body mass index of 32.6 ± 5.0 kg/m2 and a relatively short duration of NAFLD (median duration 0.3 IQR 2.0 years). No significant difference was observed in biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and liver injury following VSL#3® supplementation. Significant correlations were noted between sVCAM-1 and hsCRP (rho = 0.392, p = 0.01), and HOMA-IR and AST (rho = 0.489, p < 0.01) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate the effect of VSL#3® on ASQ in patients with NAFLD. VSL#3® did not significantly improve markers of cardiovascular risk and liver injury in patients with NAFLD. However, the study supports an association between endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in patients with NAFLD and suggests that NAFLD is linked with insulin resistance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN05474560 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN05474560 ) Registered 9 August 2012 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Lin Chong
- Academic Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK. .,Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, 1710, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - David Laight
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Richard J Aspinall
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - Michael H Cummings
- Academic Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
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12
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Kurkin DV, Morkovin EI, Osadchenko NA, Bakulin DA, Dubrovina MA, Gorbunova YV, Abrosimova EE, Pustynnikov VE, Tyurenkov IN, Petrov VI. N-acetylcysteine relieves neurologic signs of acute ethanol hangover in rats. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.62622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alcohol abuse is one of the grave social and medical problems in many countries, including Russia. Alcohol not only negatively affects health, social and family relationships, but also a person’s performance. Hangover, which is a one of the negative consequences of alcohol intake, is a complex of neurological and somatic symptoms that occur when ethanol is almost completely metabolized to acetaldehyde. This condition, despite the severity and potential economic damage, remains poorly understood, and there are no effective medicines to treat it.
Aim: to provide an experimental basis for the possibility of using N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, as a medicine for prevention of the neurological and cognitive impairments due to alcohol intoxication.
Materials and Methods: The study used male Wistar rats, which were intraperitoneally injected with ethanol at a dose of 3 g/kg to simulate acute ethanol intoxication. Sixty minutes before the injection, the animals from the experimental groups were gavaged with NAC (1 g/kg) or with an equivalent volume of saline. Immediately after awakening and 3 h after it, the animals were assessed for neurological deficits, motor skills, spontaneous motor activity, and cognitive functions. After the completion of the behavioral tests, the animals were euthanized to assess the level of glutathione, triglycerides (TGs), and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenates, and to determine the activity of enzymatic antioxidant systems and serum aminotransferases.
Results and Discussion: The ethanol intoxication in the animals from the control group was associated with pronounced signs of neurological and cognitive impairments, including low spontaneous motor and exploratory activity, impaired fine motor skills in the adhesive test, and cognitive function decline in the Morris water maze test. The rats which had received NAC before ethanol injection demonstrated better fine motor skills in the adhesive test, a higher level of spontaneous motor activity and better performance in the Morris water maze test (in comparison to the animals treated with saline before alcohol intoxication). In the animals which had received NAC, the levels of glutathione, MDA, and TGs, as well as the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes, were closer to the values of the intact rats to a greater extent than in the animals that had been injected with ethanol and received saline.
Conclusion: Orally administered NAC before acute ethanol intoxication led to a decrease in the severity of neurological deficiency in rats and reduced the amnesic effect of ethanol. This could be due to an improvement of ethanol metabolism and a decrease in the severity of disorders associated with oxidative stress and liver dysfunction.
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Harish BS, Raja MRC, Mahapatra SK, Uppuluri KB. Production Enhancement of an Anticoagulant Trypsin Inhibitor from Oceanimonas sp. BPMS22 and Its Anti-cancer Activity. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Pudlarz AM, Czechowska E, S Karbownik M, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Tomaszewska E, Celichowski G, Grobelny J, Chabielska E, Gromotowicz-Popławska A, Szemraj J. The effect of immobilized antioxidant enzymes on the oxidative stress in UV-irradiated rat skin. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:23-39. [PMID: 31868116 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) immobilized on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) nanoparticles were used to reduce UV radiation-induced oxidative stress in rat skin. Materials & methods: The antioxidant influence of the enzymes was investigated on level of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroksy-2'deoksyguanozine, myeloperoxidase, total antioxidant capacity, SOD2 and CAT activity and expression, and glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity. Results: The application of immobilized SOD and CAT on UV-irradiated skin reduced malondialdehyde and 8-hydroksy-2'deoksyguanozine levels also SOD and CAT activity and expression increased. The tested enzymes influence glutathione peroxidase activity and level of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione. Conclusion: Immobilized enzymes increased the antioxidative potential of skin following UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Czechowska
- Department of Materials Technology & Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, st. Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał S Karbownik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, st. Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology & Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, st. Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Emilia Tomaszewska
- Department of Materials Technology & Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, st. Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Celichowski
- Department of Materials Technology & Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, st. Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology & Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, st. Pomorska 163, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Chabielska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, st. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Gromotowicz-Popławska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, st. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
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15
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El-Hadary A, Sitohy M. Safely effective hypoglycemic action of stevia and turmeric extracts on diabetic Albino rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13549. [PMID: 33161596 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The potentiality of Stevia leaves and turmeric roots as remedies against diabetes mellitus type 2 was tested in this study. Stevia leaves and turmeric roots were extracted with ethanol:water (80:20 v/v) and analyzed by HPLC. Turmeric extract (TUE) was rich in; curcumin, gallic acid, and eugenol. Stevia extract (STE) contained 28 known compounds, including glycosides, aromatic organic acids, and catechin. Fifty rats were divided into five groups (10 rats each); the control group were fed with feed and water ad libitum. Forty rats were injected a single dose of alloxan, then treated with either 10 mg/kg glibenclamide (GLI), 300 mg/kg STE, or 200 mg/kg TUE or water (positive control) through daily gastric oral gavages for 56 days. Treating diabetic rats with TUE significantly reduced serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin down to the negative control levels. Both GLI and STE produced similar but less effective actions. Animals treated with either STE or TUE exhibited reduced levels of liver and kidney markers compared to the negative control, while GLI increased them significantly. It could be concluded that turmeric roots and stevia leaves extracts can be used treatment for type 2 diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Turmeric roots and stevia leaves extracts may be used as a remedy for type 2 diabetic patients as aiding substituting treatments under medical supervision. The two plant sources can be used as raw materials for the extracts, which can be used under medical supervision as a gradual replacement of the synthetic antidiabetic drugs. These extracts can be used after a preliminary clinical study to determine the dose and frequency of administration. Stevia extract can be incorporated in drinks as a sweetener and drug. Turmeric extract has a bitter taste, so it may be incorporated in some foods such as bread, which is a traditional practice in some kinds of bread in Egypt. But its content in the bread and the acceptability of the taste should be adjusted. Alternatively, this food can incorporate both TUE and STE to get the best biological action and to conceal the bitter taste of turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla El-Hadary
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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16
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Sun X, Berger RS, Heinrich P, Marchiq I, Pouyssegur J, Renner K, Oefner PJ, Dettmer K. Optimized Protocol for the In Situ Derivatization of Glutathione with N-Ethylmaleimide in Cultured Cells and the Simultaneous Determination of Glutathione/Glutathione Disulfide Ratio by HPLC-UV-QTOF-MS. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070292. [PMID: 32709039 PMCID: PMC7407321 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) are commonly used to assess the oxidative status of a biological system. Various protocols are available for the analysis of GSH and GSSG in biomedical specimens. In this study, we present an optimized protocol for the in situ derivatization of GSH with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) to prevent GSH autooxidation, and thus to preserve the GSH/GSSG ratio during sample preparation. The protocol comprises the incubation of cells in NEM containing phosphate buffered saline (PBS), followed by metabolite extraction with 80% methanol. Further, to preserve the use of QTOF-MS, which may lack the linear dynamic range required for the simultaneous quantification of GSH and GSSG in non-targeted metabolomics, we combined liquid chromatographic separation with the online monitoring of UV absorbance of GS-NEM at 210 nm and the detection of GSSG and its corresponding stable isotope-labeled internal standard by QTOF-MS operated with a 10 Da Q1 window. The limit of detection (LOD) for GS-NEM was 7.81 µM and the linear range extended from 15.63 µM to 1000 µM with a squared correlation coefficient R2 of 0.9997. The LOD for GSSG was 0.001 µM, and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.01 µM, with the linear (R2 = 0.9994) range extending up to 10 µM. The method showed high repeatability with intra-run and inter-run coefficients of variation of 3.48% and 2.51% for GS-NEM, and 3.11% and 3.66% for GSSG, respectively. Mean recoveries of three different spike-in levels (low, medium, high) of GSSG and GS-NEM were above 92%. Finally, the method was applied to the determination of changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio either in response to oxidative stress in cells lacking one or both monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4, or in adaptation to the NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) consuming production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in cells carrying mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 and IDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Sun
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Am BioPark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (X.S.); (R.S.B.); (P.H.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Raffaela S. Berger
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Am BioPark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (X.S.); (R.S.B.); (P.H.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Am BioPark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (X.S.); (R.S.B.); (P.H.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Ibtissam Marchiq
- University Côte d’Azur (IRCAN), CNRS-INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France; (I.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- University Côte d’Azur (IRCAN), CNRS-INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, 06189 Nice, France; (I.M.); (J.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, CSM, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Peter J. Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Am BioPark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (X.S.); (R.S.B.); (P.H.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Am BioPark 9, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (X.S.); (R.S.B.); (P.H.); (P.J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-943-5015
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17
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Kurkin DV, Morkovin EI, Osadchenko NA, Knyshova LP, Bakulin DA, Abrosimova EE, Gorbunova YV, Tyurenkov IN. Correction of psychological and neurological signs of alcohol hangover in rats with acetylcysteine. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2019-7-5-291-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Adeneye AA, Olagunju JA, Murtala BA. Evaluation of Male Fertility-Enhancing Activities of Water Seed Extract of Hunteria umbellata in Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:7693010. [PMID: 31485248 PMCID: PMC6710732 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7693010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the male fertility-enhancing activity of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day of Hunteria umbellata water seed extract (HU) in Wistar rats was studied for 60 days. In doing this, effect of repeated doses of HU was studied on the weight gain pattern, gonadosomatic index (GSI), serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TS), prolactin (PRL), and estradiol (ES)} as well as testicular antioxidant status of the treated rats as a way of elucidating the mechanism(s) of action of HU. METHOD Thirty-six (36) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (I-VI) of six rats per group. Group I rats were gavaged with 10 ml/kg/day of distilled water and served as an untreated control; Group II rats were gavaged with 0.3 mg/kg/day of clomiphene in distilled water; Groups III-V rats received 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU, respectively, and Group VI rats received 20 mg/kg/day of Vitamin C all in distilled water. All treatments were for 60 days after which the treated rats were humanely sacrificed. Sera of blood samples were processed for the above stated hormonal profile. Similarly, testicular tissues obtained were processed for semen analysis and complete antioxidant profile of the HU-treated testicles by assaying for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and Thiobarbituric Reactive Species (TBARS). RESULTS Prolonged treatments with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU for 60 days induced dose dependent reductions in weight gain pattern with the most significant (p<0.001) effect recorded with the highest dose of HU. Conversely, significant (p<0.001) increase was recorded for GSI at the same HU dose. Clomiphene and HU also induced significant (p<0.01, p<0.001) dose dependent increases in the total sperm count, %live sperm, but reverse effects on %dead sperm and %abnormal sperm. On the hormonal profile, oral treatment with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of the extract induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) dose related increases in the sera TS, LH, and FSH while it caused reverse effect on serum PRL but caused no significant alterations in the serum ES levels. Similarly, oral treatment with vitamin C and 100-400 mg/kg/day of HU induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) increases in the antioxidant enzyme activities. CONCLUSION Overall, prolonged oral treatment with 100-400 mg/kg body weight of HU for 60 days significantly improved sperm function which was mediated via enhanced spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, G.R.A, Ikeja 100001, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Abayomi Olagunju
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, G.R.A, Ikeja 100001, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Adekunle Murtala
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, G.R.A, Ikeja 100001, Lagos, Nigeria
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19
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Glutathione as an antioxidant marker: determination of glutathione concentration in the breast muscles and liver of broilers supplemented with different selenium sources. ACTA VET BRNO 2019. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201988020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of different selenium sources on antioxidant properties. The glutathione (GSH) concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured in the breast muscles and liver of 60 one-day-old broiler chickens. Another goal was to compare these indices with the weights of individual tissues and the live weight of broilers. The broilers were divided into 4 groups according to the selenium source: group 1 (control), group 2 (selenized yeast), group 3 (selenomethionine), group 4 (sodium selenite). Treatment groups were supplemented with 0.2 mg of additional selenium/kg. No significant changes in the hepatic GSH concentrations (P> 0.05) were found in the experimental groups compared to control. Significantly higher GSH concentration (P< 0.05) was found in breast muscles of broilers in group 4 (sodium selenite) compared to control. However, no positive effect of selenium supplementation in the form of sodium selenite was observed. The differences in the GPx activity in breast muscles and liver between the experimental groups and the control group were not significant (P> 0.05). No significant differences were recorded in the experimental groups compared to control in relation to the GSH concentration and GPx activity measured in the tissues. A significantly positive correlation was noted between mean GPx activity in breast muscle and breast muscle weight (P< 0.01; r = 0.3790) and live weight (P< 0.05; r = 0.2690). Although changes in the GSH concentration and GPx activity were recorded in some experimental groups, the selected dose of additional selenium appeared to be too low to affect these concentrations and the antioxidant defence system.
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Chen CW, Liao FY, Lin YC, Hsieh TJ, Weng JR, Feng CH. Microwave-assisted derivatization combined with coacervative extraction for determining glutathione in biomatrix samples, followed by capillary liquid chromatography. Talanta 2019; 199:464-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Arakchaa KD, Salchak SM, Razuvaeva YG, Toropova AA, Smirnova IN, Nikolaev SM, Merzlikin AV, Ponomarenko GN. [The gastroprotective action of acidic mineral water from the Azhyg-Sug source on the stress-induced injuries to the stomach of white rats]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOĬ FIZICHESKOĬ KULTURY 2019; 96:54-60. [PMID: 31095130 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20199602154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relevance of this study is determined by the need for the scientifically sound substantiation of the possibility for the use of acidic mineral waters in the treatment of digestive diseases taking into consideration their widespread application in ethnomedicine, in particular in the Republic of Tuva. AIM The objective of the present study was to elucidate the gastroprotective action of acidic mineral water from the Azhyg-Sug source (Republic of Tyva) on the experimental animals as exemplified by the model of ulcerogenesis under the conditions of immobilization stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experimental studies were carried out with the use of 32 white rats of the Wistar line. Ulcerogenesis was initiated by means of immobilization stress. We evaluated the pathomorphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa and the number of destructions based on the Pauls index. The state of the lipid peroxidation system and antioxidative protection were determined from the content of malon dialdehyde and reduced glutathione, extracellular catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in erythrocytes. RESULTS The study has demonstrated that the mineral water from the Azhyg-Sug source slows down the development of the inflammatory and destructive necrotic processes in the mucosa of the stomach of albino rats. The depth of erosion in the animals receiving mineral water was 2.3 and 3.4 times lower than in the control animals (p≤0.05). The antioxidant effect of mineral water was confirmed by the 14-20% decrease of the MDA concentration as well as by the increase of the catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 21-25% and 20-30% respectively in comparison with the control animals. CONCLUSION The Azhyg-Sug mineral water has the strong gastroprotective influence on the experimental animals having the induced neurogenic ulcer. One of the mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective action of the investigated mineral water arises from its ability to inhibit the processes of lipid peroxidation with the simultaneous enhancement of the activity of the antioxidant system of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Arakchaa
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical-Social Problems and Management, Kyzyl, the Republic of Tuva, Russia
| | - S M Salchak
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical-Social Problems and Management, Kyzyl, the Republic of Tuva, Russia
| | - Ya G Razuvaeva
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - A A Toropova
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - I N Smirnova
- 'Tomsk Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy', the branch of Siberian Federal Scientific Clinical Center, Russian Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S M Nikolaev
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia; Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, the branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - A V Merzlikin
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - G N Ponomarenko
- S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; G.A. Albrecht Federal Scientific Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled, Russian Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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22
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Ravindran S, Kurian GA. Eventual analysis of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain: a paradigm of a shift in stress and its influence on cognitive functions. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:581-594. [PMID: 31025239 PMCID: PMC6527675 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive issues in stroke arise as a result of reperfusion of a clogged artery, which is reported to exacerbate the injury in the brain leading to oxidative stress. Through the present work, we try to understand the regional variations across brain regions mainly cortex and striatum associated with the progression of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In a rat model of IRI, the influence of varying ischemia and reperfusion times on the biochemical phases across the brain regions were monitored. IRI resulted in the blood-brain barrier disruption and developed mild areas of risk. The brain's tolerance towards IRI indicated a progressive trend in the injury and apoptosis from ischemia to reperfusion that was supported by the activities of plasma lactate dehydrogenase and tissue caspase-3. Cognitive impairment in these rats was an implication of cellular oxidative stress (higher lipid peroxidation and lower antioxidant enzyme activity) that persisted by 24-h reperfusion. The oxidative stress was prominent in the cortex than the striatum and was supported by the lower ATP level. Upregulated Mn-SOD expression leading to a preserved mitochondria in the striatum could be attributed to the regional protection. Overall, a progression of IRI was observed from striatum to cortex leading to 5-day cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Ravindran
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401 India
| | - Gino A. Kurian
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401 India
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23
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Guo L, Xiao C, Wang S, Gao T, Ling L, Guo X. Quantitation of Glutathione by Quinoline-5, 8-Dione-Based Tag Strategy Using MALDI Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:625-633. [PMID: 30747410 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we developed an UV-absorptive and highly reactive tag aromatic molecule, quinoline-5,8-dione (QLD), for robust quantitative analysis of GSH by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. The QLD could react with GSH with high efficiency at room temperature, and the resultant QLD-GSH conjugate could be readily detected by MALDI MS without interferences. By using the QLD tag, the detection limit of GSH was lowered to 10 fmol μL-1, which was four orders of magnitude higher than that detected without using the QLD tag. Furthermore, accurate quantitative measurements of GSH in solution were successfully demonstrated by using glutamic acid-cysteine-alanine (ECA) as an internal standard. By properly adjusting the ECA concentrations, the intensity ratio value of QLD-tagged GSH (QLD-GSH) to QLD-tagged ECA (QLD-ECA) displayed a good linearity with GSH concentrations in a broad range from 4 to 4000 μM. Finally, the GSH level in HeLa cell lysates was also successfully detected, and the results are consistent with that obtained by a colorimetric assay. In summary, the proposed QLD-based tag method should be a rapid, cost-/time-effective, and sensitive new method for quantitative determination of GSH by MALDI MS. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tianyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ling Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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24
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Hu CL, Nydes M, Shanley KL, Morales Pantoja IE, Howard TA, Bizzozero OA. Reduced expression of the ferroptosis inhibitor glutathione peroxidase-4 in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 2018; 148:426-439. [PMID: 30289974 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is the only enzyme capable of reducing toxic lipid hydroperoxides in biological membranes to the corresponding alcohols using glutathione as the electron donor. GPx4 is the major inhibitor of ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic and iron-dependent programmed cell death pathway, which has been shown to occur in various neurological disorders with severe oxidative stress. In this study, we investigate whether GPx4 expression is altered in multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The results clearly show that mRNA expression for all three GPx4 isoforms (cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and nuclear) decline in multiple sclerosis gray matter and in the spinal cord of MOG35-55 peptide-induced EAE. The amount of GPx4 protein is also reduced in EAE, albeit not in all cells. Neuronal GPx4 immunostaining, mostly cytoplasmic, is lower in EAE spinal cords than in control spinal cords, while oligodendrocyte GPx4 immunostaining, mainly nuclear, is unaltered. Neither control nor EAE astrocytes and microglia cells show GPx4 labeling. In addition to GPx4, two other negative modulators of ferroptosis (γ-glutamylcysteine ligase and cysteine/glutamate antiporter), which are critical to maintain physiological levels of glutathione, are diminished in EAE. The decrease in the ability to eliminate hydroperoxides was also evidenced by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the reduction in the proportion of the docosahexaenoic acid in non-myelin lipids. These findings, along with presence of abnormal neuronal mitochondria morphology, which includes an irregular matrix, disrupted outer membrane and reduced/absent cristae, are consistent with the occurrence of ferroptotic damage in inflammatory demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Lin Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Mara Nydes
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kara L Shanley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Itzy E Morales Pantoja
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Tamara A Howard
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Oscar A Bizzozero
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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25
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Fernández-Bertólez N, Costa C, Bessa MJ, Park M, Carriere M, Dussert F, Teixeira JP, Pásaro E, Laffon B, Valdiglesias V. Assessment of oxidative damage induced by iron oxide nanoparticles on different nervous system cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 845:402989. [PMID: 31561889 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) have received much attention for their utility in biomedical applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia, but concerns regarding their potential harmful effects are also growing. Even though ION may induce different toxic effects in a wide variety of cell types and animal systems, there is a notable lack of toxicological data on the human nervous system, particularly important given the increasing number of applications on this specific system. An important mechanism of nanotoxicity is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress. On this basis, the main objective of this work was to assess the oxidative potential of silica-coated (S-ION) and oleic acid-coated (O-ION) ION on human SH-SY5Y neuronal and A172 glial cells. To this aim, ability of ION to generate ROS (both in the absence and presence of cells) was determined, and consequences of oxidative potential were assessed (i) on DNA by means of the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1)-modified comet assay, and (ii) on antioxidant reserves by analyzing ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Conditions tested included a range of concentrations, two exposure times (3 and 24 h), and absence and presence of serum in the cell culture media. Results confirmed that, even though ION were not able to produce ROS in acellular environments, ROS formation was increased in the neuronal and glial cells by ION exposure, and was parallel to induction of oxidative DNA damage and, only in the case of neuronal cells treated with S-ION, to decreases in the GSH/GSSG ratio. Present findings suggest the production of oxidative stress as a potential action mechanism leading to the previously reported cellular effects, and indicate that ION may pose a health risk to human nervous system cells by generating oxidative stress, and thus should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fernández-Bertólez
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain; Universidade da Coruña, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carla Costa
- Portuguese National Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; Universidade do Porto, EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Bessa
- Portuguese National Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; Universidade do Porto, EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margriet Park
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Carriere
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES, Chimie Interface Biologie pour l'Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Dussert
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES, Chimie Interface Biologie pour l'Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Portuguese National Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; Universidade do Porto, EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Edificio de Servicios Centrales de Investigación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071-A Coruña, Spain; Universidade do Porto, EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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26
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Chen H, Zeng X, Mu L, Hou L, Yang B, Zhao J, Schlenk D, Dong W, Xie L, Zhang Q. Effects of acute and chronic exposures of fluoxetine on the Chinese fish, topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:104-113. [PMID: 29793199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used as an antidepressant and has been frequently detected in aquatic environments. However, its effects in fish from Asia remain relatively less studied. In this study, the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva was exposed to 0, 50, and 200 µg/L of fluoxetine for 4 h and 42 d. The effects of fluoxetine on biometrics were compared to biochemical endpoints indicative of stress in different fish tissues (brain, liver, gills and intestine) following exposures. In fish exposed for 42 d, lipid peroxidation endpoints were enhanced 80% in the liver and gills. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was increased 40% after exposure to 50 µg/L and 55% at 200 µg/L following 4 h exposure. In contrast AChE was increased 26% (at 50 µg/L) after 42 d of exposures. Enhanced ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) was detected only in fish exposed to 50 µg/L of fluoxetine for 4 h. The activity of α-glucosidase (α-Glu) was also induced (at 200 µg/L) after 4 h of exposure. After 4 h of exposure, the activities of proteases in the intestine were generally inhibited at 200 µg/L. Both 4 h and 42 d exposures resulted in an increased hepatosomatic index (HSI) but did not affect the condition factor (CF). Our results demonstrate that fluoxetine significantly altered biochemical endpoints in P. parva after acute exposure and the morphological changes in liver size were not observed until 42 d of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China; The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China
| | - Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Bin Yang
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianliang Zhao
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, China.
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27
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Bravo-Veyrat S, Hopfgartner G. High-throughput liquid chromatography differential mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry for bioanalysis: determination of reduced and oxidized form of glutathione in human blood. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7153-7161. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Mesallam DIA, Abdel Hamid OI, Ibrahem NE. Ethanolic extract of fenugreek seeds moderates dimethoate-induced pancreatic damage in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3894-3904. [PMID: 29177779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate insecticide known to be toxic to the pancreas. The aim of this study is to detect the possible protective effects of the fenugreek seed ethanolic extract on the biochemical, histological, and ultra-structural abnormalities induced by dimethoate chronic exposure in the pancreas of adult male rats. The study was conducted on 50 adult male albino rats that were divided equally into 5 groups: (group I) negative control, (group II) vehicle control group, (group III) fenugreek-treated group that was given 400 mg/kg ethanolic fenugreek seed extract once daily, (group IV) dimethoate group received 20 mg/kg/day dimethoate, and (group V) dimethoate- + fenugreek-treated group received a combination of dimethoate and fenugreek in the same previous doses. Dimethoate treatment caused a significant increase in serum glucose, amylase, and lipase levels and a significant decrease in serum insulin. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation and pro-fibrotic cytokine (TGF-β1) together with a significant reduction of the antioxidant {reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)} activities and the anti-inflammatory (IL-4) in pancreatic tissues was also recorded. There was a histological and ultra-structural evidence of pancreatic acinar and islet cell injury. The recorded abnormalities were reversed in dimethoate+fenugreek treated group indicating that fenugreek ethanolic extract can serve as an antidote for dimethoate-induced pancreatic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia I A Mesallam
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omaima I Abdel Hamid
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nahla E Ibrahem
- Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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29
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Chen H, Guo Z, Zhou Y, Li D, Mu L, Klerks PL, Luo Y, Xie L. Accumulation, depuration dynamics and effects of dissolved hexavalent chromium in juvenile Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:254-260. [PMID: 29069612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) causes a variety of adverse effects in the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The present study investigated the transition of acute to chronic effects by assessing the influences of Cr(VI) exposure concentration and exposure duration on Cr accumulation and their effects on fish growth and antioxidant physiology. Juvenile fish were exposed to 0.05, 0.5, 4 or 8mg/L Cr(VI) for 28 days. Endpoints were evaluated on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. In addition, Cr depuration was examined for fish from two exposure groups (0.5 and 8mg/L). Chromium accumulation was rapid initially, then continued at a slower rate till the end of the exposure period without showing signs of reaching a steady state. Depuration patterns differed between the two exposure groups, but both reached 50% in 14 days. The rapid initial accumulation was accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and elevated activities of antioxidants (e.g., GST, SOD and CAT). Activities of these enzymes had mostly returned to baseline levels by day 7, but there was no evidence of further cellular damage from ROS. Effects on fish length and weight continued to be evident over the 28-day exposure period. Our study suggest that the initial effects of Cr(VI) exposure may not be a good predictor of more-chronic effects in fish as a consequence of an efficient acclimation response by the antioxidant system that limits ROS-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Chen
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Lei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, United States
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Lingtian Xie
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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30
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Ngamchuea K, Chaisiwamongkhol K, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Chemical analysis in saliva and the search for salivary biomarkers – a tutorial review. Analyst 2018; 143:81-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01571b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A review of the uses of saliva biomarkers, detection methods and requirements for new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwad Ngamchuea
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Korbua Chaisiwamongkhol
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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31
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Ismail MK, Samera MY, Abid SK. Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant activity in patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit with acute myocardial infarction. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2018; 12:14-19. [PMID: 30202403 PMCID: PMC6124827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidants in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with healthy individuals and to investigate the effectiveness of these parameters as risk or illness indicators. METHODOLOGY This study was conducted on AMI patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit of Al-Salam Hospital and Ibn-Sina Hospital in Mosul, Iraq. Considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 161 patients and 156 healthy individuals in the age group of 30-80 years were selected for the study. The study groups were screened by estimating cardiac markers and electrocardiography (ECG). RESULTS The results indicated a significant increase in the level of serum malondialdehyde, peroxynitrite, and uric acid (P< 0.001). A minor increase in the serum ceruloplasmin level was observed in patients with AMI as compared to healthy individuals. The study also observed a significant decrease in the level of glutathione, Vitamin E, and Vitamin C (P< 0.001), with no significant difference in the level of Vitamin A in patients with AMI. CONCLUSION The imbalance in the oxidative status and antioxidant activity in AMI patients reflects the importance of measuring the level of serum oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidants as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for the medical management of AMI. Oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidants might be good predictors or indicators for the risk of AMI. Oxidative stress markers contribute in the pathogenesis of AMI and excess of reactive oxygen species overwhelm the stability of the antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Khalil Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates,Address for correspondence: Dr. May Khalil Ismail, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Mobile: +9710509646385. E-mail:
| | - M. Y. Samera
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Iraq
| | - S. K. Abid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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32
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Platelets redox balance assessment: Current evidence and methodological considerations. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 93-95:6-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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33
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Ugolini L, Righetti L, Carbone K, Paris R, Malaguti L, Di Francesco A, Micheli L, Paliotta M, Mari M, Lazzeri L. Postharvest application of brassica meal-derived allyl-isothiocyanate to kiwifruit: effect on fruit quality, nutraceutical parameters and physiological response. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:751-760. [PMID: 28298689 PMCID: PMC5334234 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural compounds to preserve fruit quality and develop high value functional products deserves attention especially in the growing industry of processing and packaging ready-to-eat fresh-cut fruit. In this work, potential mechanisms underlying the effects of postharvest biofumigation with brassica meal-derived allyl-isothiocyanate on the physiological responses and quality of 'Hayward' kiwifruits were studied. Fruits were treated with 0.15 mg L-1 of allyl-isothiocyanate vapours for 5 h and then stored in controlled atmosphere (2% O2, 4.5% CO2) at 0 °C and 95% relative humidity, maintaining an ethylene concentration <0.02 μL L-1. The short- and long-term effects of allyl-isothiocyanate on fruit quality traits, nutraceutical attributes, glutathione content, antiradical capacity and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. The treatment did not influence the overall fruit quality after 120 days of storage, but interestingly it enhanced the ascorbic acid, polyphenols and flavan-3-ol content, improving the antioxidant potential of kiwifruit. The short-term effect of allyl-isothiocyanate was evidenced by an increase of superoxide dismutase activity and of oxidative glutathione redox state, which were restored 24 h after the treatment. The expression levels of genes involved in detoxification functions, ethylene, ascorbate and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, were also significantly affected upon allyl-isothiocyanate application. These results suggest that allyl-isothiocyanate treatment probably triggered an initial oxidative burst, followed by an induction of protective mechanisms, which finally increased the nutraceutical and technological value of treated kiwifruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ugolini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Righetti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katya Carbone
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, CREA-FRU, Via Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Paris
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Malaguti
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura Micheli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Paliotta
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, CREA-FRU, Via Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Mari
- CRIOF, Università di Bologna, Via Gandolfi 19, 40057 Cadriano, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, CREA-CIN, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
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Morales Pantoja IE, Hu CL, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Zheng J, Bizzozero OA. Nrf2-dysregulation correlates with reduced synthesis and low glutathione levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 2016; 139:640-650. [PMID: 27579494 PMCID: PMC5118114 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the possible mechanism(s) underlying glutathione (GSH) deficiency in the mouse spinal cord during the course of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 peptide-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used animal model of multiple sclerosis. Using the classical enzymatic recycling method and a newly developed immunodot assay, we first demonstrated that total GSH levels (i.e. free GSH plus all its adducts) are reduced in EAE, suggesting an impaired synthesis. The decline in the levels of this essential antioxidant tripeptide in EAE coincides temporally and in magnitude with a reduction in the amount of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Other enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis, whose genes also contain antioxidant-response elements, including glutathione synthetase, cystine/glutamate antiporter, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) are diminished in EAE as well. Low levels of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase, glutathione synthetase, and γ-GT are the consequence of reduced mRNA expression, which correlates with diminished expression of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in both the cytosol and nucleus. Interestingly, the low Nrf2 expression does not seem to be caused by increased degradation via Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-dependent or Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-independent mechanisms (such as glycogen synthetase kinase-3β activation), or by reduced levels of Nrf2 mRNA. This suggests that translation of this important transcription factor and/or other still unidentified post-translational processes are altered in EAE. These novel findings are central toward understanding how critical antioxidant and protective responses are lost in inflammatory demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzy E Morales Pantoja
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Che-Lin Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nora I Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jianzheng Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Oscar A Bizzozero
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Chen H, Mu L, Cao J, Mu J, Klerks PL, Luo Y, Guo Z, Xie L. Accumulation and effects of Cr(VI) in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) during chronic dissolved and dietary exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 176:208-216. [PMID: 27162070 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an essential metal and a nutritional supplement for both human and agricultural uses. It is also a pollutant from a variety of industrial uses. These uses can lead to elevated Cr levels in aquatic environments, where it can enter and affect aquatic organisms. Its accumulation and subsequent effects in fish have received relatively little attention, especially for chronic exposure. In the present study, Japanese medaka were chronically exposed to dissolved or dietary Cr(VI) for 3 months. Cr accumulation in liver, gills, intestine, and brain was evaluated. Effects on the antioxidant system, nervous system (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), digestive system (α-glucosidase, α-Glu), and tissue histology (liver and gills) were also assessed. Cr accumulation was observed in the intestine and liver of fish exposed to Cr-contaminated brine shrimp. However, chronic dissolved Cr exposure led to significant Cr accumulation in all organs tested. Analysis of the subcellular distribution of Cr in medaka livers revealed that 37% of the Cr was present in the heat stable protein fraction. The dissolved Cr exposure had pronounced effects on the antioxidant system in the liver, with an elevated ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and decreases in GSH and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The α-Glu activity in the intestine was significantly inhibited. In addition, Cr exposure caused histopathological alterations in the gills and liver. In general, the effects of dietary Cr were relatively minor, possible due to the much lower accumulation in the fish. Our results imply that Japanese medaka accumulate Cr mainly via uptake of dissolved Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Lei Mu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jingli Mu
- Division of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Chen H, Cao J, Li L, Wu X, Bi R, Klerks PL, Xie L. Maternal transfer and reproductive effects of Cr(VI) in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) under acute and chronic exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 171:59-68. [PMID: 26748265 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Maternal transfer of metals can be an important exposure route for animals. The maternal transfer of Cr and its effects on reproduction in fish are still largely unknown. In this study, Japanese medaka were exposed to a sublethal Cr(VI) concentration for 6 days (acute) and for 3 months (chronic). Chromium accumulation in the gonads, maternal transfer of Cr, and effects of Cr on the reproduction, histopathology and expressions of antioxidants in the gonads were evaluated. Both acute and chronic exposures resulted in significant Cr accumulation in gonads, eggs and larvae. In chronic Cr-exposed fish, approximately 61% of the Cr accumulated in the ovary was depurated by spawning during the first 3 days after exposure, suggesting that maternal transfer is a very important pathway for accumulation in offspring. The chronic exposure caused decreases in body weight, standard length, gonad weight, gonad-somatic index (GSI) and fecundity. The last of these was most severely affected: the total number of broods and eggs per female decreased by 57.1% and 75.9%, respectively. Moreover, egg weight and fertilization rate were also reduced (by approximately 20%) following chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Histopathological analyses showed that the Cr exposure resulted in the onset of follicular atresia and a reduction in the number of mature oocytes, along with a reduction in abundance of mature spermatozoa in testes. The GSH/GSSG ratio was greatly elevated after chronic Cr(VI) exposure, implying that GSH played a role in scavenging the reactive oxygen species generated by the reduction of Cr(VI) inside cells. This study provides evidence for the maternal transfer of Cr, highlights the importance of spawning in Cr depuration from the ovary, and demonstrates that chronic Cr(VI) exposure has serious impacts on reproduction in the Japanese medaka. Our results suggest that the issue of chronic Cr pollution deserves more attention than it has received to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ran Bi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Paul L Klerks
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43602, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, United States
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Ye J, Wang J, Li Q, Dong X, Ge W, Chen Y, Jiang X, Liu H, Jiang H, Wang X. Rapid and accurate tumor-target bio-imaging through specific in vivo biosynthesis of a fluorescent europium complex. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:652-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00528k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We explored a novel strategy for the in situ self-imaging of cancer cells and tumors using a specifically biosynthesized fluorescent Eu complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Jianling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Xiawei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Xuerui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Lab) School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- P. R. China
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Muta K, Fukami T, Nakajima M. A proposed mechanism for the adverse effects of acebutolol: CES2 and CYP2C19-mediated metabolism and antinuclear antibody production. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:659-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li L, Chen H, Bi R, Xie L. Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution, and acute effects of chromium in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:2611-2617. [PMID: 26096885 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an essential element but is toxic to aquatic organisms at elevated concentrations. In the present study, adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to a sublethal hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) concentration via dissolved and dietary exposures for 6 d. Various measurements of Cr were made: bioaccumulation in different tissues, subcellular distribution in the liver, effects on antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Cr-induced lipid peroxidation. The results showed that bioaccumulation increased dramatically in all tested tissues from dissolved exposure but only significantly in the intestine from dietary treatment, implying that dissolved exposure may be predominant for Cr accumulation in medaka. Subcellular distribution revealed that Cr accumulated in the liver was mainly (46%) associated with the heat-stable protein fraction. Among the antioxidants examined, catalase (CAT) responded to dissolved Cr exposure in most tissues whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) was less responsive. Malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly elevated in most tissues examined in the dissolved Cr-exposed fish, but were only elevated in the liver and intestine in the dietary Cr-exposed fish. The AChE activity in the brain was stimulated by 49% in the dissolved Cr-exposed fish. Reductions in condition factor and gonadosomatic index were also observed. These data help in an understanding of Cr tissue distribution and the acute effects of Cr in Japanese medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Bi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingtian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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40
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Mcgill MR, Jaeschke H. A direct comparison of methods used to measure oxidized glutathione in biological samples: 2-vinylpyridine and N-ethylmaleimide. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:589-95. [PMID: 26461121 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1094844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ratio of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) in biological samples is a frequently used parameter of oxidative stress. As a result, many methods are developed to measure GSSG. The most popular and convenient of these relies on enzymatic cycling following the chemical masking of GSH in the sample using 2-vinylpyridine (2VP). However, 2VP is a slow reactant and its use may result in artificially high GSSG values due to oxidation of the sample over time. Fast-reacting reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) may provide more accurate results. We performed a direct comparison of methods using 2VP and NEM. With 2VP, the percentage of total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) in the oxidized form was significantly higher in all tested tissues (kidney, lung and liver) compared to the same procedure performed using NEM. We conclude that NEM, when coupled with a simple solid-phase extraction procedure, is more accurate for the determination of GSSG. We also tested the effects of various handling and storage conditions on GSSG. A detailed description and a discussion of other methods are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R Mcgill
- a Department of Pharmacology , Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- a Department of Pharmacology , Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
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Jamieson LE, Jaworska A, Jiang J, Baranska M, Harrison DJ, Campbell CJ. Simultaneous intracellular redox potential and pH measurements in live cells using SERS nanosensors. Analyst 2015; 140:2330-5. [PMID: 25700000 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02365j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular redox potential is a highly regulated cellular characteristic and is critically involved in maintaining cellular health and function. The dysregulation of redox potential can result in the initiation and progression of numerous diseases. Redox potential is determined by the balance of oxidants and reductants in the cell and also by pH. For this reason a technique for quantitative measurement of intracellular redox potential and pH is highly desirable. In this paper we demonstrate how surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensors can be used for multiplexed measurement of both pH and redox potential in live single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Jamieson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK.
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Abstract
Glutathione is an endogenous peptide with antioxidant and other metabolic functions. The nomenclature, formulae, elemental composition, and appearance and uses of the drug are included. The methods used for the synthesis and biosynthesis of glutathione are described. This profile contains the physical characteristics of the drug including: solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, crystal structure, melting point, and differential scanning calorimetry. The spectral methods that were used for both the identification and analysis of glutathione include ultraviolet spectrum, vibrational spectrum, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and mass spectrum. The profile also includes the compendial methods of analysis and the other methods of analysis that are reported in the literature. These other methods of e-analysis are: potentiometric, voltammetric, amperometric, spectrophotometric, specrtofluorometric, chemiluminescence, chromatographic and immunoassay methods. The stability of and several reviews on drug are also provided. More than 170 references are listed at the end this comprehensive profile on glutathione.
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Muchova L, Vanova K, Suk J, Micuda S, Dolezelova E, Fuksa L, Cerny D, Farghali H, Zelenkova M, Lenicek M, Wong RJ, Vreman HJ, Vitek L. Protective effect of heme oxygenase induction in ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:924-33. [PMID: 25683492 PMCID: PMC4420596 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-induced cholestasis is characterized by impaired hepatic uptake and biliary bile acids secretion because of changes in hepatocyte transporter expression. The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), the inducible isozyme in heme catabolism, is mediated via the Bach1/Nrf2 pathway, and protects livers from toxic, oxidative and inflammatory insults. However, its role in cholestasis remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of HMOX1 induction by heme on ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis and possible underlying mechanisms. Wistar rats were given ethinylestradiol (5 mg/kg s.c.) for 5 days. HMOX1 was induced by heme (15 μmol/kg i.p.) 24 hrs prior to ethinylestradiol. Serum cholestatic markers, hepatocyte and renal membrane transporter expression, and biliary and urinary bile acids excretion were quantified. Ethinylestradiol significantly increased cholestatic markers (P ≤ 0.01), decreased biliary bile acid excretion (39%, P = 0.01), down-regulated hepatocyte transporters (Ntcp/Oatp1b2/Oatp1a4/Mrp2, P ≤ 0.05), and up-regulated Mrp3 (348%, P ≤ 0.05). Heme pre-treatment normalized cholestatic markers, increased biliary bile acid excretion (167%, P ≤ 0.05) and up-regulated hepatocyte transporter expression. Moreover, heme induced Mrp3 expression in control (319%, P ≤ 0.05) and ethinylestradiol-treated rats (512%, P ≤ 0.05). In primary rat hepatocytes, Nrf2 silencing completely abolished heme-induced Mrp3 expression. Additionally, heme significantly increased urinary bile acid clearance via up-regulation (Mrp2/Mrp4) or down-regulation (Mrp3) of renal transporters (P ≤ 0.05). We conclude that HMOX1 induction by heme increases hepatocyte transporter expression, subsequently stimulating bile flow in cholestasis. Also, heme stimulates hepatic Mrp3 expression via a Nrf2-dependent mechanism. Bile acids transported by Mrp3 to the plasma are highly cleared into the urine, resulting in normal plasma bile acid levels. Thus, HMOX1 induction may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Muchova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Krueger T, Becker S, Pontasch S, Dove S, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Leggat W, Fisher PL, Davy SK. Antioxidant plasticity and thermal sensitivity in four types of Symbiodinium sp. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2014; 50:1035-47. [PMID: 26988785 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Warmer than average summer sea surface temperature is one of the main drivers for coral bleaching, which describes the loss of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (genus: Symbiodinium) in reef-building corals. Past research has established that oxidative stress in the symbiont plays an important part in the bleaching cascade. Corals hosting different genotypes of Symbiodinium may have varying thermal bleaching thresholds, but changes in the symbiont's antioxidant system that may accompany these differences have received less attention. This study shows that constitutive activity and up-regulation of different parts of the antioxidant network under thermal stress differs between four Symbiodinium types in culture and that thermal susceptibility can be linked to glutathione redox homeostasis. In Symbiodinium B1, C1 and E, declining maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv /Fm ) and death at 33°C were generally associated with elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and a more oxidized glutathione pool. Symbiodinium F1 exhibited no decline in Fv /Fm or growth, but showed proportionally larger increases in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and glutathione content (GSx), while maintaining GSx in a reduced state. Depressed growth in Symbiodinium B1 at a sublethal temperature of 29°C was associated with transiently increased APX activity and glutathione pool size, and an overall increase in glutathione reductase (GR) activity. The collapse of GR activity at 33°C, together with increased SOD, APX and glutathione S-transferase activity, contributed to a strong oxidation of the glutathione pool with subsequent death. Integrating responses of multiple components of the antioxidant network highlights the importance of antioxidant plasticity in explaining type-specific temperature responses in Symbiodinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krueger
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Becker
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Stefanie Pontasch
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Sophie Dove
- School of Biological Sciences & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - William Leggat
- Comparative Genomics Centre, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Paul L Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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Zheng LQ, Li Y, Yu XD, Xu JJ, Chen HY. A sensitive and selective detection method for thiol compounds using novel fluorescence probe. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 850:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Pandey N, Yadav D, Pandey V, Tripathi YB. Anti-inflammatory effect of Pueraria tuberosa extracts through improvement in activity of red blood cell anti-oxidant enzymes. Ayu 2014; 34:297-301. [PMID: 24501527 PMCID: PMC3902598 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.123131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing life style and over-nutrition causes low-grade inflammation (LGI), with obesity and hyper-lipidemia as basic factors. The physiological state polarizes macrophages to classical type (M1), which is pro-inflammatory and promotes ectopic fat deposition in the body. Both factors induce inflammatory cascade, where free radicals (FRs) play an important role. Thus, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions would be effective in the management of LGI and plant products would be used as food supplement or as a drug. Previously, a study has reported the anti-oxidant potential of methanolic extract of tubers of Pueraria tuberosa (PTME) and inhibitory role of tuberosin on lipopolysaccharides-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages in an in vitro study model. Here, the effect of PTME has been explored on carrageenan-induced inflammatory changes in rats. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in red blood cell hemolysate has been assessed. PTME was orally given to rats for 9 days and periodical changes (every 3rd day) in the activity/concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxides (LPO), and C-reactive proteins (CRP) were monitored. The PTME significantly prevented carrageenan-induced decline in GSH content, lowering of catalase and SOD activity, and rise in LPO and CRP in rats in a time-dependent, sequential manner. Thus, it could be suggested that the anti-inflammatory role of PTME is primarily mediated through its FR scavenging potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Pandey
- Ph. D Scholar, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgavati Yadav
- Ph. D Scholar, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Ph. D Scholar, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yamini B Tripathi
- Professor, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in skin B16-F0 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4967-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Pérez-Gallardo RV, Briones LS, Díaz-Pérez AL, Gutiérrez S, Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Campos-García J. Reactive oxygen species production induced by ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases because of a dysfunctional mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly system. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:804-19. [PMID: 24028658 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol accumulation during fermentation contributes to the toxic effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, impairing its viability and fermentative capabilities. The iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis is encoded by the ISC genes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is associated with iron release from Fe-S-containing enzymes. We evaluated ethanol toxicity, ROS generation, antioxidant response and mitochondrial integrity in S. cerevisiae ISC mutants. These mutants showed an impaired tolerance to ethanol. ROS generation increased substantially when ethanol accumulated at toxic concentrations under the fermentation process. At the cellular and mitochondrial levels, ROS were increased in yeast treated with ethanol and increased to a higher level in the ssq1∆, isa1∆, iba57∆ and grx5∆ mutants - hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were the main molecules detected. Additionally, ethanol treatment decreased GSH/GSSG ratio and increased catalase activity in the ISC mutants. Examination of cytochrome c integrity indicated that mitochondrial apoptosis was triggered following ethanol treatment. The findings indicate that the mechanism of ethanol toxicity occurs via ROS generation dependent on ISC assembly system functionality. In addition, mutations in the ISC genes in S. cerevisiae contribute to the increase in ROS concentration at the mitochondrial and cellular level, leading to depletion of the antioxidant responses and finally to mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio V Pérez-Gallardo
- Lab de Biotecnología Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Increased carbonylation, protein aggregation and apoptosis in the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. ASN Neuro 2013; 5:e00111. [PMID: 23489322 PMCID: PMC3620690 DOI: 10.1042/an20120088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work from our laboratory implicated protein carbonylation in the pathophysiology of both MS (multiple sclerosis) and its animal model EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis). Subsequent in vitro studies revealed that the accumulation of protein carbonyls, triggered by glutathione deficiency or proteasome inhibition, leads to protein aggregation and neuronal cell death. These findings prompted us to investigate whether their association can be also established in vivo. In the present study, we characterized protein carbonylation, protein aggregation and apoptosis along the spinal cord during the course of MOG (myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein)(35-55) peptide-induced EAE in C57BL/6 mice. The results show that protein carbonyls accumulate throughout the course of the disease, albeit by different mechanisms: increased oxidative stress in acute EAE and decreased proteasomal activity in chronic EAE. We also show a temporal correlation between protein carbonylation (but not oxidative stress) and apoptosis. Furthermore, carbonyl levels are significantly higher in apoptotic cells than in live cells. A high number of juxta-nuclear and cytoplasmic protein aggregates containing the majority of the oxidized proteins are present during the course of EAE. The LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3)-II/LC3-I ratio is significantly reduced in both acute and chronic EAE indicating reduced autophagy and explaining why aggresomes accumulate in this disorder. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest a link between protein oxidation and neuronal/glial cell death in vivo, and also demonstrate impaired proteostasis in this widely used murine model of MS.
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Abstract
This protocol describes a procedure for determining glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) concentrations in blood and other tissues. Artifactual oxidation to GSSG of 5-15% of the GSH found in a sample can occur during deproteination of biological samples with any of the commonly used acids, with consequent marked overestimation of GSSG. This can be prevented by derivatizing GSH with the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) to form GS-NEM before acid deproteination, followed by back-extraction of excess NEM from the deproteinized samples with dichloromethane. GSSG concentration is then measured by spectrophotometry with the GSH recycling method, on the basis of conversion of GSSG to GSH by glutathione reductase and NADPH and reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). GSH concentration is instead measured by either of two methods: by analysis of GS-NEM conjugates by HPLC in the same sample that is used to measure GSSG or, alternatively, by analysis of GSH by spectrophotometry (GSH recycling method) on one additional sample aliquot that has not been derivatized with NEM. The procedure can assay GSH and GSSG in blood and other tissues in 30 min or less.
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