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Sahyoun W, Net S, López-Maldonado EA, Baroudi M, Ouddane B. Occurrence and health risk estimate of organochlorine pesticides in fruits and vegetables matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33823-8. [PMID: 38833048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Occurrence of 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 60 organic and non-organic fruits and vegetables matrices was undertaken using QuEChERS Method EN 15662 for sample preparation analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The procedural method was validated by spiking the OCP standard solutions at three fortified levels at 10, 50, and 100 µg/kg wet weight (ww) to the real matrix of fruit and vegetable with good recovery ranging from 75 to 108% with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 11%, and the limits of detection and quantification (LODs and LOQs) were 0.002-0.02 μg/kg and 0.004-0.1 μg/kg ww, respectively. The assessment of health risks associated with pesticide residues through consumption of vegetables and fruits and the effect of washing and peeling on concentration of various pesticides were also studied. The results showed that the concentration levels of 60% of samples were lower than the LOQs, while the rest was contaminated by OCP residues. Organic fruits and vegetables showed the absence of OCPs, while several of the studied compounds were detected from conventional agriculture. Skin removal (peeling) was the most effective strategy to eliminate or decrease pesticide residues, and should be one of the solutions to reduce the health impact of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. The analysis of health risk assessment was based on the use of the estimated average daily intake (EDI), hazard index (HI), and hazard ratio (HR) for individuals in two weight categories: children (weighing 16.7 kg) and adults (weighing 60 kg). The HI values were less than 1 suggesting that there was no probable non-carcinogenic health effect, except for heptachlor for children (HI of 1.285). However, the values of HR revealed that children were more susceptible to the carcinogenic health effect associated with consuming contaminated vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Sahyoun
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité Et L'Environnement, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Faculté de Santé Publique Section III, Laboratoire Des Sciences de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sopheak Net
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité Et L'Environnement, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
| | | | - Moomen Baroudi
- Faculté de Santé Publique Section III, Laboratoire Des Sciences de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité Et L'Environnement, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
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Zang X, Chang Q, Li H, Zhao X, Zhang S, Wang C, Wang Z. Construction of a ringent multi-shelled hollow MIL-88B as the solid-phase microextraction fiber coating for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Verma R, Dhingra G, Malik AK. A Comprehensive Review on Metal Organic Framework Based Preconcentration Strategies for Chromatographic Analysis of Organic Pollutants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:415-441. [PMID: 34435923 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1964344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants (OPs) are of worldwide concern for being hazardous to human existence and natural flora and fauna in view of their contaminating nature, bio-aggregation properties and long range movement abilities in environment. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new kind of crystalline porous material, composed of metal ions and multi dentate organic ligands with well-defined co-ordination geometry exhibiting promising application respect to adsorptive evacuation of OPs for chromatographic analysis. Applications of MOFs as preconcentration material and column packing material are reviewed. Key analytical characteristics of MOF based preconcentration techniques and coupled chromatographic procedures are summarized in detail. MOF based preconcentration strategies are compared with conventional sorbent based extraction techniques for thorough evaluation of performance of MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpal Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Dhingra
- Punjabi University Constituent College, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Manousi N, Kabir A, Zachariadis GA. Recent advances in the extraction of triazine herbicides from water samples. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:113-133. [PMID: 34047458 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are excessively used in agriculture to improve the quality of crops by eliminating the negative effects of pests. Among the different groups of pesticides, triazine pesticides are a group of compounds that contain a substituted C3 H3 N3 heterocyclic ring, and they are widely used. Triazine pesticides can be dangerous for humans as well as for the aquatic environment because of their high toxicity and endocrine disrupting effect. However, the concentration of these chemical compounds in water samples is low. Moreover, other compounds that may exist in the water samples can interfere with the determination of triazine pesticides. As a result, it is important to develop sample preparation methods that provide preconcentration of the target analyte and sufficient clean-up of the samples. Recently, a wide variety of novel microextraction and miniaturized extraction techniques (e.g., solid-phase microextraction and liquid-phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, and magnetic solid-phase extraction) have been developed. In this review, we aim to discuss the recent advances regarding the extraction of triazine pesticides from environmental water samples. Emphasis will be given to novel sample preparation methods and novel sorbents developed for sorbent-based extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - George A Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Freitas LVPD, Alves LMG, Sicupira LC, Pinho GPD, Silvério FO. Determination of DDT in honey samples by liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (LLE-LTP) combined to HPLC-DAD. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1955-1964. [PMID: 33913942 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Honey is widely consumed worldwide, however, this food can be contaminated by chemical contaminants, such as the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Despite legal restrictions on DDT use, this organochlorine pesticide has been detected in honey collected in several developed and developing countries, representing risks to human health, animals, and the environment due to its high environmental persistence, potential carcinogenicity, and ecotoxicological effects. Thus, the development of an analytical method for DDT monitoring in this matrix is important to ensure food security. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize and validate a simple, low-cost, and efficient method using the liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (LLE-LTP) to determine DDT in honey samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The proposed method was validated according to SANTE guidelines, being considered selective, precise, accurate, and linear in the range of 8.0-160 μg kg-1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) achieved were 4.0 and 8.0 μg kg-1, respectively. This LOQ value is lower than the maximum residue limit established by the Brazilian and European Union legislation. Therefore, the LLE-LTP combined to HPLC-DAD allows the routine analysis of DDT in honey samples and can be widely applied in studies to monitor this pesticide, especially in developing countries, where DDT use is still allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Victor Pereira de Freitas
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang W, Wang X, Cheng N, Luo Y, Lin Y, Xu W, Du D. Recent advances in nanomaterials-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for pesticides detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Samsidar A, Siddiquee S, Shaarani SM. A review of extraction, analytical and advanced methods for determination of pesticides in environment and foodstuffs. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Pang L, Yang P, Pang R, Li S. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-based frozen ionic liquid for the hollow-fiber solid-phase microextraction of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its main metabolites. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3311-3317. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Pang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration; Zhengzhou University of Light Industry; Zhengzhou Henan P. R. China
| | - Peijie Yang
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration; Zhengzhou University of Light Industry; Zhengzhou Henan P. R. China
| | - Rong Pang
- Department of Medicine; Huanghe Science and Technology College; Zhengzhou Henan P. R. China
| | - Shunyi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan P. R. China
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Darvishnejad M, Ebrahimzadeh H. Halloysite nanotubes functionalized with a nanocomposite prepared from reduced graphene oxide and polythiophene as a viable sorbent for the preconcentration of six organochlorine pesticides prior to their quantitation by GC/MS. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ribeiro C, Ribeiro AR, Maia AS, Gonçalves VMF, Tiritan ME. New trends in sample preparation techniques for environmental analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 44:142-85. [PMID: 25391434 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.833850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental samples include a wide variety of complex matrices, with low concentrations of analytes and presence of several interferences. Sample preparation is a critical step and the main source of uncertainties in the analysis of environmental samples, and it is usually laborious, high cost, time consuming, and polluting. In this context, there is increasing interest in developing faster, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly sample preparation techniques. Recently, new methods have been developed and optimized in order to miniaturize extraction steps, to reduce solvent consumption or become solventless, and to automate systems. This review attempts to present an overview of the fundamentals, procedure, and application of the most recently developed sample preparation techniques for the extraction, cleanup, and concentration of organic pollutants from environmental samples. These techniques include: solid phase microextraction, on-line solid phase extraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal
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11
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Recent Developments and Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) in Food and Environmental Analysis—A Review. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Jiang R, Ouyang G. Fast Analytical Techniques Based on Microextraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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13
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Kaur B, Srivastava R, Satpati B. Silver nanoparticle decorated polyaniline–zeolite nanocomposite material based non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for nanomolar detection of lindane. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a silver nanoparticle decorated polyaniline-nanocrystalline zeolite organic–inorganic hybrid material was synthesized for the electrochemical detection of lindane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar-140001
- India
| | - Rajendra Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar-140001
- India
| | - Biswarup Satpati
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata 700 064
- India
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Witczak A, Abdel-Gawad H. Assessment of health risk from organochlorine pesticides residues in high-fat spreadable foods produced in Poland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:917-28. [PMID: 25310807 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.951574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, butter and margarine are food products attracting wide customer interest. Every day, consumers around the world buy these products for human consumption. Butter is obtained from milk fat, while margarine is derived from vegetable oils. The content of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues was examined in both types of these high fatty products. A gas chromatograph with MSD (HP 5973) detector was used for the determination of pesticides such as α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, DDT, DDD, DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. The examined products had diverse concentrations of the analyzed compounds. Visible was the division based on the origin of the product, which might be composed of animal or vegetable fats. The research has revealed the presence of OCP residues in all examined spreads. Quantities of organochlorine compounds did not pose an immediate danger to the consumers' health. Human and environmental health risk assessment was carried out by the estimation of lifetime average daily dose (LADD) and non-carcinogenic health hazard quotient (HQ). Total estimated LADD ranged between 1.3 × 10(-5) and 3.1 × 10(-5) mg kg(-1) d(-1) for butter, and 1.9 × 10(-6) and 4.6 × 10(-6) mg kg(-1) d(-1) for margarine and mix spread. The HQ ranged between 1.1 × 10(-4) and 3.7 × 10(-4) for butter, and 1.4 × 10(-5) and 9.0 × 10(-6) for margarine and mix spread for adults. These estimated HQs were within the safe acceptable limits, indicating a negligible risk to the residents of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Witczak
- a Department of Toxicology , West Pomeranian University of Technology , Szczecin , Poland
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Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Vega-Morales T, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez J. Extraction and determination methodologies for benzotriazole UV stabilizers in personal-care products in environmental and biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Martins JG, Amaya Chávez A, Waliszewski SM, Colín Cruz A, García Fabila MM. Extraction and clean-up methods for organochlorine pesticides determination in milk. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:233-246. [PMID: 23648324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) can cause environmental damage and human health risks since they are lipophilic compounds with high resistance to degradation and long half-lives in humans. As most persistent OCPs have been banned years ago, it is expected to find these compounds at trace levels in environment. Therefore, increasingly sensitive and reliable analytical techniques are required to ensure effective monitoring of these compounds. The aim of this review is to discuss extraction and clean-up methods used to monitor OCP residues in milk, reported in the last 20 years. To carry out this review, an exhaustive bibliographic review was conducted. Despite the disadvantages of conventional extraction and clean-up methods, such as liquid-liquid, solid-phase or Soxhlet extractions, these procedures are still used due to their reliability. New extraction methods, like solid-phase microextraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion or QuEChERS, have not been thoroughly evaluated for OCP determination in milk. Almost all the methodologies analyzed in this review presented good performance characteristics according to the performance acceptability criteria set in SANCO's procedure. Comparison between limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD), for the reported methodologies, is not always possible due to the heterogeneity of the units. Thus, researchers should take into account an homogenization of LOD and LOQ units, according to the international regulations and MRLs established. Finally, more research is necessary to obtain the ideal methodology for OCPs determination in milk, which comprises the environmentally friendly characteristics of the new techniques and the reliability of the traditional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gomes Martins
- Departamento de Farmacia de la Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan Esq. Paseo Colón, C.P. 50100 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Martínez Vidal J, Plaza-Bolaños P, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Determination of pesticide transformation products: A review of extraction and detection methods. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6767-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rellán S, Gago-Martínez A. Improved conditions for the application of solid phase microextraction prior to HPLC-FLD analysis of anatoxin-a. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2522-8. [PMID: 17763520 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been optimized and evaluated for a simple, rapid, and selective analysis of anatoxin-a. Four kinds of fiber (100 microm polydimethylsiloxane, 60 microm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene, 50 microm Carbowax/templated resin-100, and 85 microm polyacrylate) were evaluated for an efficient extraction of the toxin. Parameters relating to the desorption step, such as desorption mode, solvent composition, time for both static and dynamic desorption, as well as carryover, have been studied and optimized. The derivatization process was investigated using NBD-F as derivatizing reagent. Anatoxin-a derivative was formed when the anatoxin-a-loaded fiber was inserted in a vial containing 5 microL of NBD-F. Variables affecting extraction such us ionic strength, temperature, and time have been also optimized. The results obtained showed linearity in the range of 10-2000 ng and a limit of detection of 0.29 ng/mL in river water. The presented method has been applied to different environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rellán
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Facultad de Química, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Chai X, Jia J, Sun T, Wang Y, Liao L. Application of a novel cold activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction for analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2007; 42:629-34. [PMID: 17701697 DOI: 10.1080/03601230701465536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel and simple analytical procedure using cold activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction (CACF-SPME) was applied to determine organochlorine pesticides (OCs) in soil samples. The pesticides in this study consist of alpha -, beta -, gamma -, and delta -hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). By heating the sample while cooling the fiber, the developed method not only provides better performance in terms of sensitivity, linearity and recovery but also offers shorter adsorption procedure than that of traditional headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The experimental conditions such as the amount of water, adsorption time and adsorption temperature were optimized. Matrix effects were investigated with different types of soils. We concluded that using the standard addition method was required for quantification purposes. The limits of detection obtained using the proposed method range from 0.01 to 0.05 ng/g, and the recoveries for CACF-SPME are in the range of 80.01% to 89.68% with relative standard deviation (RSDs) better than 8.60%. The proposed method was further applied to determine OCs in real agricultural soil. The results are in good agreement with those obtained using traditional ultrasonic extraction. The research demonstrates the suitability of the CACF-SPME for the analysis of OCs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Chai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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