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Zareasghari O, Javadi A, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Deep eutectic solvent-based pressurized liquid extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of organophosphorus pesticide residues in egg powder prior to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300070. [PMID: 38466171 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based miniaturized pressurized liquid extraction in combination with DES-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides (parathion-methyl, triazophos, parathion, diazinon, and phoxim) from egg powder samples prior to their analysis by a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. In this work, first, the analytes' extraction was done by a pressurized liquid phase extraction for effective extraction of the analytes from the solid matrix, and then they were concentrated on a DLLME for more concentration of the analytes to reach low limits of detections. The use of DESs was done in both steps to omit the use of toxic organic solvents. Satisfactory results including high extraction recoveries (74-90%), great repeatability (relative standard deviations equal or less than 4.3% and 5.3% for intra- and inter-day precisions), and low limits of detection (0.11-0.29 ng/g) and quantification (0.38-0.98 ng/g) were attained under the optimum conditions. Lastly, the suggested approach was utilized for the determination of the studied pesticides in various egg powder samples marketed in Tabriz, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Zareasghari
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Javadi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Health Promotion Research Center, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Shi L, Chen M, Zhao G, Wang X, Fan M, Liu R, Xie F. Environmental Applications of Electromembrane Extraction: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:705. [PMID: 37623766 PMCID: PMC10456692 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a miniaturized extraction technique that has been widely used in recent years for the analysis and removal of pollutants in the environment. It is based on electrokinetic migration across a supported liquid membrane (SLM) under the influence of an external electrical field between two aqueous compartments. Based on the features of the SLM and the electrical field, EME offers quick extraction, effective sample clean-up, and good selectivity, and limits the amount of organic solvent used per sample to a few microliters. In this paper, the basic devices (membrane materials and types of organic solvents) and influencing factors of EME are first introduced, and the applications of EME in the analysis and removal of environmental inorganic ions and organic pollutants are systematically reviewed. An outlook on the future development of EME for environmental applications is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Shi
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Science Avenue #100, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Mantang Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Meijuan Fan
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruihong Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
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3
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Rodriguez LM, Camina JL, Borroni V, Pérez EE. Protein recovery from brewery solid wastes. Food Chem 2023; 407:134810. [PMID: 36565578 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Brewing produces significant amounts of solid waste during the process: spent cereals (BSG), hops and spent yeast (BSY). These residues are sustainable sources of valuable nutrients and functional compounds like proteins, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. This review describes the three solid wastes and the different extraction techniques for protein recovery. The protein obtained can be used as a new source of non-animal protein or as a functional and bioactive ingredient. Particular attention was given to methods using conventional technologies (alkaline and ethanolic extraction) and more innovative approaches (enzymes, microwaves, ultrasound, pressurized liquids and sub-critical water extraction). Although the BSG is used in some industrial applications, studies in operating conditions, cost, energy efficiency, and product performance are still required to consolidate these solid wastes as a source of non-animal protein. The application of proteins is also an important question when choosing the extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253. Primer Piso - Ala C, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química - PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Julia L Camina
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química - PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Virginia Borroni
- Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología - ITPN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo (FADU), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ethel E Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253. Primer Piso - Ala C, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química - PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga km 7, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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4
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High-Pressure Technologies for the Recovery of Bioactive Molecules from Agro-Industrial Waste. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of food waste are produced each year. These residues require appropriate management to reduce their environmental impact and, at the same time, economic loss. However, this waste is still rich in compounds (e.g., colorants, antioxidants, polyphenols, fatty acids, vitamins, and proteins) that can find potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Conventional extraction techniques suffer some drawbacks when applied to the exploitation of food residues, including large amounts of polluting solvents, increased time of extraction, possible degradation of the active molecules during extraction, low yields, and reduced extraction selectivity. For these reasons, advanced extraction techniques have emerged in order to obtain efficient residue exploitation using more sustainable processes. In particular, performing extraction under high-pressure conditions, such as supercritical fluids and pressurized liquid extraction, offers several advantages for the extraction of bioactive molecules. These include the reduced use of toxic solvents, reduced extraction time, high selectivity, and the possibility of being applied in combination in a cascade of progressive extractions. In this review, an overview of high-pressure extraction techniques related to the recovery of high added value compounds from waste generated in food industries is presented and a critical discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each process is reported. Furthermore, the possibility of combined multi-stage extractions, as well as economic and environmental aspects, are discussed in order to provide a complete overview of the topic.
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5
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Almeida Â, Soares AMVM, Esteves VI, Freitas R. Occurrence of the antiepileptic carbamazepine in water and bivalves from marine environments: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:103661. [PMID: 33878451 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A vast literature has already demonstrated that pharmaceutical drugs exert negative impacts on aquatic organisms but data is sparse on the occurrence of these contaminants in marine aquatic environments and their biota, particularly in comparison with freshwater systems. In marine environments, bivalves are known as good bioindicator species for environmental pollution monitoring. This review summarizes the current knowledge on carbamazepine (CBZ) concentrations in the marine environment (seawater and bivalves) and the analytical methods involved in the drug determination. Carbamazepine was chosen based on its ubiquitous occurrence and proven negative impacts on the aquatic organisms. Overall, CBZ is distributed in the marine environment with concentrations up to ∼ 1 μg/L, revealing its stability and high persistence. Also, CBZ was found in some species of marine bivalves, with concentrations up to 13 ng/g dry weight (DW), however, a bioaccumulation factor could not be calculated due to the absence of CBZ determination in seawater samples for most of the studies. CAPSULE: Carbamazepine is found in seawater up to the low μg/L level, and in bivalve tissue up to a few ng/g DW, with SPE and LC as the techniques of choice for drug extraction and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Almeida
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Akenga P, Gachanja A, Fitzsimons MF, Tappin A, Comber S. Uptake, accumulation and impact of antiretroviral and antiviral pharmaceutical compounds in lettuce. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144499. [PMID: 33418261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While the contamination of agroecosystems with pharmaceutical compounds has been reported, the fate of these compounds, particularly uptake into plants remains unclear. This lack of environmental fate data is evident for a critical class of pharmaceuticals, the antivirals and antiretrovirals (ARVDs). Thus, this study evaluated the root uptake of the antiretroviral compounds nevirapine, lamivudine and efavirenz, and the antiviral compound oseltamivir in lettuce. The lettuce was hydroponically grown in a nutrient solution containing the four ARVD pharmaceutical mixture in the 1-100 μg L-1 concentration range. The measured bioaccumulation showed that efavirenz and lamivudine accumulated to the highest and lowest degree, at concentrations of 3463 ng g-1 and 691 ng g-1 respectively. The translocation factor between the root and leaf for nevirapine was greater than 1. The highest concentration of the pharmaceutical mixture had a physiological impact on the lettuce. Potential toxicity was evidenced by a statistically significant 34% (p = 0.04) mean reduction in root and leaf biomass in the 100 μg L-1 ARVD mix exposed lettuce, compared with the controls. This study advances knowledge of the fate of ARVDs in agroecosystems, in particular, plant root - ARVD interaction and the resulting potentially toxic effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston Akenga
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kisii University, Kenya
| | - Antony Gachanja
- Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark F Fitzsimons
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Alan Tappin
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sean Comber
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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7
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Chiocchio I, Mandrone M, Tomasi P, Marincich L, Poli F. Plant Secondary Metabolites: An Opportunity for Circular Economy. Molecules 2021; 26:495. [PMID: 33477709 PMCID: PMC7831927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving toward a more sustainable development, a pivotal role is played by circular economy and a smarter waste management. Industrial wastes from plants offer a wide spectrum of possibilities for their valorization, still being enriched in high added-value molecules, such as secondary metabolites (SMs). The current review provides an overview of the most common SM classes (chemical structures, classification, biological activities) present in different plant waste/by-products and their potential use in various fields. A bibliographic survey was carried out, taking into account 99 research articles (from 2006 to 2020), summarizing all the information about waste type, its plant source, industrial sector of provenience, contained SMs, reported bioactivities, and proposals for its valorization. This survey highlighted that a great deal of the current publications are focused on the exploitation of plant wastes in human healthcare and food (including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food additives). However, as summarized in this review, plant SMs also possess an enormous potential for further uses. Accordingly, an increasing number of investigations on neglected plant matrices and their use in areas such as veterinary science or agriculture are expected, considering also the need to implement "greener" practices in the latter sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.C.); (P.T.); (L.M.); (F.P.)
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8
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Taylor BM, Thurbide KB. Characteristics of a novel on-line micro pressurized liquid extraction method. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel on-line micro pressurized liquid extraction (μPLE) method is introduced, which directly interfaces miniaturized solid sample preparation with HPLC for fast analysis. The technique employs rapid heating to remove analytes from 5–10 mg samples in typically 20–40 s using only about 300 μL of solvent. The resulting extract is then internally transferred to an HPLC injector for chromatographic analysis. Results show that good analyte recoveries can be achieved, similar to conventional PLE and off-line μPLE approaches, without manual sample handling. For example, 103% ± 3% (n = 4) of the acetylsalicylic acid present in pharmaceutical tablets was extracted into methanol after 20 s at 180 °C. Further, 105% ± 9% (n = 4) of the caffeine present in a green tea sample was extracted into methanol after 40 s at 275 °C. Typical time to analysis was about 95 s total for most samples, and solvents could also be easily alternated during trials to increase extract selectivity. The on-line μPLE system was applied to the extraction of model PAHs from a biochar matrix and was found to extract 97% ± 5% (n = 4) of anthracene present in the sample after a 30 s static and 60 s dynamic extraction at 220 °C. This yield is much better than results obtained by previous approaches and is attributed to the small size, high temperature, low thermal mass, and dynamic flow of the system. Findings indicate that the on-line μPLE system can greatly assist in such extractions and provide a useful method for rapidly preparing solid samples for analysis using little solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kevin B. Thurbide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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9
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Optimized simultaneous pressurized fluid extraction and in-cell clean-up, and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitro-, carbonyl-, hydroxy -PAHs in solid particles. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Loeffler D, Hatz A, Albrecht D, Fligg M, Hogeback J, Ternes TA. Determination of non-extractable residues in soils: Towards a standardised approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113826. [PMID: 31887596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
After exposure of soils to anthropogenic organic chemicals non-extractable residues (NER) can be formed. The quantitative proportion of a compound which remains non-extractable is operationally defined by the extraction procedure employed and can be quantified only when using isotope labelled compounds (e.g. 14C or 13C). In Germany and the EU, there is no standardised procedure, how to determine NER, especially when different legal regulations apply. Consequently, the comparability of NER data is low. Hence, a major task of this study was the development of a general approach for the quantification of non-extractable residues (NER) in soils using radiotracer analysis. For that, extraction efficiencies were determined for 42 non-labelled organic chemicals spiked onto 3 soils applying a number of extraction techniques and conditions, developing an extraction procedure which provides high extraction efficiencies and a low variability for a broad spectrum of analytes. Additionally, NER generated within soil transformation studies according to OECD 307 using 14C-triclosan, 14C-fenoxycarb and 14C-acetaminophen were analysed using sequential batch extraction and pressurised liquid extraction (PLE). Depending on the extraction procedure used, the NER fraction related to 14C-triclosan in a soil varied greatly between 96% and 28%. In this study a widely universal extraction procedure was developed to improve the comparability of the NER data and limit overestimation of NER, which can be of enormous consequence for the assessment of persistence and environmental risk of organic chemicals. Furthermore, silylation, EDTA-extraction and HCl-treatment were compared regarding a further analysis of NER using radiotracer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Loeffler
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Annika Hatz
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Dinah Albrecht
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Marvin Fligg
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Jens Hogeback
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
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11
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Imam A, Suman SK, Ghosh D, Kanaujia PK. Analytical approaches used in monitoring the bioremediation of hydrocarbons in petroleum-contaminated soil and sludge. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Okoh AI, Okoh AOO. Distribution and Chemical Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environmental Systems: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3026. [PMID: 31438569 PMCID: PMC6747491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PPCPs are found almost everywhere in the environment especially at an alarming rate and at very low concentration in the aquatic systems. Many methods-including pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and micro-assisted extraction (MAE)-have been employed for their extraction from both surface waters and biota. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) proved to be the best extraction method for these polar, non-volatile, and thermally unstable compounds in water. However, ultrasonic extraction works better for their isolation from sediment because it is cheap and consumes less solvent, even though SPE is preferred as a clean-up method for sediment samples. PPCPs are in groups of-acidic (e.g., diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen), neutral (e.g., caffeine, carbamazepine, fluoxetine), and basic pharmaceuticals, as well as antibiotics and estrogens amongst others. PPCPs which are present in trace levels (ng/L) are more often determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolent (HPLC-UV). Of these, LC-MS and LC-MS-MS are mostly employed for the analysis of this class of compounds, though not without a draw-back of matrix effect. GC-MS and GC-MS-MS are considered as alternative cost-effective methods that can also give better results after derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ohoro
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - A O Adeniji
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - A I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - And O O Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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13
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Balseiro-Romero M, Monterroso C. Diesel-Range Organics Extraction and Determination in Environmental Samples by Gas Chromatography‒Mass Spectrometry: Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction vs. Solvent Extraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Methodology for non-target screening of sewage sludge using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017. [PMID: 28646300 PMCID: PMC5519657 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the wide range of pollutants occurring in sewage sludge, an analytical method for comprehensive non-target screening is needed. To the best of our knowledge, no procedures currently exist for the full screening of organic contaminants in sewage sludge, which is the ultimate goal of this project. We developed non-discriminating sample preparation methods for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used for extraction, with in-line (silica gel selective PLE, SPLE) or off-line clean-up (gel permeation chromatography, GPC). This combination allowed the analysis of non-polar compounds of all sizes and small semi-polar and non-polar compounds. The results show that the combination of SPLE and PLE with GPC is suitable for analysis of established as well as new contaminants. Both methods were validated for 99 compounds with different properties. For all GC suitable analytes, either one of the methods produced acceptable recoveries (64 to 136%). As a test, the two methods were used for non-target screening of Swedish sewage sludge. A tiered approach was used to tentatively identify the sludge contaminants. In total, 1865 and 1593 compounds were found of which 321 and 192 compounds were tentatively identified for the PLE and SPLE method, respectively. For a comprehensive coverage of contaminants, the two methods should be used together, with the PLE method covering a wider polarity range and the SPLE method a wider size range. In addition, polar substances will require liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the method for which will be developed soon.
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15
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Arias AH, Souissi A, Glippa O, Roussin M, Dumoulin D, Net S, Ouddane B, Souissi S. Removal and Biodegradation of Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene and Pyrene by the Marine Algae Rhodomonas baltica Enriched from North Atlantic Coasts. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:392-399. [PMID: 27864583 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the removal, accumulation and degradation of three environmental ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLA) and pyrene (PYR), by the marine alga Rhodomonas baltica enriched from the English Channel. After separation, purification and culture in several phases, R. baltica was exposed to PAH concentrations that are frequently encountered in the field in several anthropized environments. The results showed that R. baltica can grow under PAH stress, efficiently remove up to 70% of these compounds from the medium by 216 h of culture and selectively bioaccumulate PAHs by their hydrophobicity. Between PHE, FLA and PYR, phenanthrene was the compound with higher degradation rates throughout incubation. The equilibrium partitioning theoretical approach showed that physico-chemical partitioning, rather than active bioconcentration, was the major factor governing the bioaccumulation, outlying a potential application in decontamination processes for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés H Arias
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Área de Oceanografía Química, Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Florida 8000 (Camino La Carrindanga km 7,5), B8000FWB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química, Area III, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Alem 1253, CP 8000, Bahia Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Anissa Souissi
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Olivier Glippa
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Marion Roussin
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - David Dumoulin
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), Université Lille1-Sciences et Technologies, Bât C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Sopheak Net
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), Université Lille1-Sciences et Technologies, Bât C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), Université Lille1-Sciences et Technologies, Bât C8, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ.Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, 62930, Wimereux, France
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16
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Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Organic Contaminants in Environmental and Food Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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17
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He Y, Xiao X, Cheng Y, Li G. Progress in field-assisted extraction and its application to solid sample analysis. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:177-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; SunYat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; SunYat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yingyi Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; SunYat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; SunYat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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18
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Clark AE, Yoon S, Sheesley RJ, Usenko S. Pressurized liquid extraction technique for the analysis of pesticides, PCBs, PBDEs, OPEs, PAHs, alkanes, hopanes, and steranes in atmospheric particulate matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 137:33-44. [PMID: 25985427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method has been developed for the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of a wide range of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from atmospheric particulate matter. Approximately 130 SVOCs from eight compound classes were selected as molecular markers of (1) agricultural activity (30 current and historic-use pesticides), (2) industrial activity (18 PCBs), (3) consumer products and building materials (16 PBDEs, 11 OPEs), and (4) motor vehicle exhaust (22 PAHs, 16 alkanes, 9 hopanes, 8 steranes). Currently, there is no analytical method validated for the extraction of all eight compound classes in a single automated technique. The extraction efficiencies of varying solvents and solvent combinations at high temperatures and pressures were examined. Extracts were concentrated and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The optimized PLE method utilized methylene chloride:acetone (2:1 v/v) at 100 °C with three (5 min) static cycles, flush volume of 80%, and a 100 s N2 purge. Spike and recovery experiments (n=7) provided average percent recoveries for pesticides, PCBs, PBDEs, OPEs, PAHs, alkanes, hopanes, and steranes of 88.8±4.0%, 86.9±2.6%, 83.8±2.9%, 101±6%, 90.3±6.1%, 74.4±8.8%, 104±8%, and 86.5±8.6%, respectively. The developed method was applied to atmospheric particulate matter samples collected in the greater Houston, TX metropolitan area. Ambient concentrations of eight classes of compounds (92 SVOCs) were reported in pg m(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide E Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Subin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Rebecca J Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Sascha Usenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
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19
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Vazquez-Roig P, Picó Y. Pressurized liquid extraction of organic contaminants in environmental and food samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Chemical properties and bioactivities of Goji (Lycium barbarum) polysaccharides extracted by different methods. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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21
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Net S, Delmont A, Sempéré R, Paluselli A, Ouddane B. Reliable quantification of phthalates in environmental matrices (air, water, sludge, sediment and soil): a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 515-516:162-180. [PMID: 25723871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Because of their widespread application, phthalates or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Their presence has attracted considerable attention due to their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and on public health, so their quantification has become a necessity. Various extraction procedures as well as gas/liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry detection techniques are found as suitable for reliable detection of such compounds. However, PAEs are ubiquitous in the laboratory environment including ambient air, reagents, sampling equipment, and various analytical devices, that induces difficult analysis of real samples with a low PAE background. Therefore, accurate PAE analysis in environmental matrices is a challenging task. This paper reviews the extensive literature data on the techniques for PAE quantification in natural media. Sampling, sample extraction/pretreatment and detection for quantifying PAEs in different environmental matrices (air, water, sludge, sediment and soil) have been reviewed and compared. The concept of "green analytical chemistry" for PAE determination is also discussed. Moreover useful information about the material preparation and the procedures of quality control and quality assurance are presented to overcome the problem of sample contamination and these encountered due to matrix effects in order to avoid overestimating PAE concentrations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopheak Net
- Université Lille 1, Laboratoire LASIR-UMR 8516 CNRS, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Anne Delmont
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, Université de Toulon, 83957, CNRS/IRD, France
| | - Richard Sempéré
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, Université de Toulon, 83957, CNRS/IRD, France
| | - Andrea Paluselli
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M I O), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, Université de Toulon, 83957, CNRS/IRD, France
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université Lille 1, Laboratoire LASIR-UMR 8516 CNRS, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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22
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Meng L, Lozano Y. Innovative Technologies Used at Pilot Plant and Industrial Scales in Water-Extraction Processes. ALTERNATIVE SOLVENTS FOR NATURAL PRODUCTS EXTRACTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-43628-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Silva LJG, Meisel LM, Lino CM, Pena A. Profiling Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in the Environment: Trends in Analytical Methodologies. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013; 44:41-67. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.827966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Ultrasound-enhanced subcritical water extraction of naphthoquinone pigments from purple gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) to higher yield and bioactivity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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25
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Determination of selected oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) in diesel and air particulate matter standard reference materials (SRMs). Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5583-93. [PMID: 23595641 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) have recently received much attention in discussions regarding the negative impacts of particulate matter (PM) on human health and the environment. The National Institute of Standards and Technology provides several environmental matrix standard reference materials (SRMs) with certified and reference values for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated PAHs. In this study, the concentrations of oxygenated PAHs are determined in three air PM SRMs (1649b, 1648a, and 2786) and three diesel PM SRMs (1650b, 2975, and 1975) using two independent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. Concentrations of oxy-PAHs were at the milligrams per kilogram level with higher overall concentrations in diesel PM (up to 50 mg/kg for 9,10-anthraquinone). One of the highest oxy-PAH concentrations (up to 5 mg/kg) measured in the air particulate SRMs was for 7,12-benz[a]anthracenquinone. These results suggest that oxygenated PAHs should not be neglected in the analysis of PM as their concentrations can be as high as those of some PAHs and are one to two orders of magnitude higher than those for nitro-PAHs.
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26
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Ye A, Yang Y, Zhang J, Liu M, Hou L, Zhou JL. Simultaneous determination of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1278:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Systematic optimisation of coupled microwave-assisted extraction-solid phase extraction for the determination of pesticides in infant milk formula via LC–MS/MS. Food Chem 2012; 134:2473-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Schantz MM, McGaw E, Wise SA. Pressurized liquid extraction of diesel and air particulate standard reference materials: effect of extraction temperature and pressure. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8222-31. [PMID: 22963542 DOI: 10.1021/ac301443v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four particulate matter Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were used to evaluate the effect of solvent, number of static cycles and static times, pressure, and temperature when using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated-PAHs. The four materials used in the study were SRM 1648a Urban Particulate Matter, SRM 1649b Urban Dust, SRM 1650b Diesel Particulate Matter, and SRM 2975 Diesel Particulate Matter (Industrial Forklift). The results from the study indicate that the choice of solvent, dichloromethane compared to toluene and toluene/methanol mixtures, had little effect on the extraction efficiency. With three to five extraction cycles, increasing the extraction time for each cycle from 5 to 30 min had no significant effect on the extraction efficiency. The differences in extraction efficiency were not significant (with over 95% of the differences being <10%) when the pressure was increased from 13.8 to 20.7 MPa. The largest increase in extraction efficiency occurred for selected PAHs when the temperature of extraction was increased from 100 to 200 °C. At 200 °C naphthalene, biphenyl, fluorene, dibenzothiophene, and anthracene show substantially higher mass fractions (>30%) than when extracted at 100 °C in all the SRMs studied. For SRM 2975, large increases (>100%) are also observed for some other PAHs including benz[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and benzo[b]chrysene when extracted at the higher temperatures; however, similar trends were not observed for the other diesel particulate sample, SRM 1650b. The results are discussed in relation to the use of the SRMs for evaluating analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Schantz
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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29
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Phenolic and furanic compounds of Portuguese chestnut and French, American and Portuguese oak wood chips. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Zuloaga O, Navarro P, Bizkarguenaga E, Iparraguirre A, Vallejo A, Olivares M, Prieto A. Overview of extraction, clean-up and detection techniques for the determination of organic pollutants in sewage sludge: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 736:7-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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32
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Helaleh MI, Al-Rashdan A, Ibtisam A. Simultaneous analysis of organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from marine samples using automated pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and Power Prep™ clean-up. Talanta 2012; 94:44-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Dawidowicz AL, Dybowski MP. Determination of myristicin in commonly spices applying SPE/GC. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2362-7. [PMID: 22525861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of myristicin (a component of nutmeg) as a cheap hallucinogenic intoxicant requires from the world of science the elaboration of new methods for determination of this compound in daily-use foodstuffs. The present study describes a fast, simple and sensitive method of myristicin analysis in nutmeg and spices containing it using gas chromatography combined with ultrasonic solvent extraction and solid phase extraction processes. The developed method is characterized by high recovery (almost 100%), a low detection limit 1.35 ng g(-1) and good repeatability (average RDS value equal 2.39%). The presented analytical approach constitutes a substantial improvement on previously reported methods for myristicin analysis and seems to be the method of choice for determining the amount of the compound in spices containing nutmeg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej L Dawidowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Pl Marii Curie Sklodowskiej 3, Poland.
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34
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Yarita T, Aoyagi Y, Otake T. Evaluation of pressurized liquid extraction for determination of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in soybean. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2012; 47:942-8. [PMID: 22938578 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.706559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method for the determination of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in soybean by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Two organic solvents, acetone and acetonitrile, were evaluated as extraction solvents. In both cases, the amount of extract was enhanced with increasing extraction temperature. The extracts obtained using acetonitrile were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after a cleanup process based on the analytical method for the Japanese Positive List System for Agricultural Chemicals Remaining in Foods. The effect of extraction temperature (range: 40- 130°C) on extraction efficiency was evaluated by a recovery study using 21 organophosphorus pesticides and 10 pyrethroid pesticides as target analytes and acetonitrile as the solvent. The results indicated that at 130°C, some organophosphorus pesticides might be degraded, whereas extraction temperatures between 70°C and 100°C were optimal. Next, a prepared sample containing fenitrothion and permethrin was analyzed. Although the sample was not soaked in water prior to analysis, PLE provided analytical results comparable to those obtained by solvent extraction with homogenization. Therefore, PLE is considered a simple and alternative technique for the extraction of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yarita
- National Metrology Institute of Japan-NMIJ, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology-AIST, Ibaraki, Japan.
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35
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Masala S, Ahmed T, Bergvall C, Westerholm R. Improved efficiency of extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material Diesel Particulate Matter (SRM 2975) using accelerated solvent extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:3305-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Camino-Sánchez FJ, Zafra-Gómez A, Pérez-Trujillo JP, Conde-González JE, Marques JC, Vílchez JL. Validation of a GC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 86 persistent organic pollutants in marine sediments by pressurized liquid extraction followed by stir bar sorptive extraction. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:869-881. [PMID: 21723584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A multiresidue method for the analysis of 86 persistent pollutants in marine sediments at ultra-trace level has been developed and validated using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled with thermal desorption and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS/MS QqQ). The compounds analyzed belong to various families such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenylethers, organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides and other pesticides such as urons, and triazines. The analytes have very different polarities and log K(ow) values, which is an important parameter in the optimization of a SBSE method. Due to PLE high efficiency and throughput rates, along with the proven ability for multiresidue analysis and excellent sensitivity of SBSE, we present an efficient method. The limits of quantification obtained ranged from 0.014 to 1.0 ng g(-1), with detection limits below pg g(-1) levels. In order to validate the proposed methodology, quality parameters such as recovery, linearity and reproducibility were studied. Recoveries ranged from 63% to 119%, reproducibility (in terms of Relative Standard Deviation for ten determinations) was lower than 35% in all cases, and determination coefficients higher than 0.990 for all analytes. The main factors that affect PLE, SBSE and GC-MS/MS procedures were optimized. The method was applied to the analysis of nine marine sediments obtained from the nine main submarine wastewater discharge points (emissaries) presents along the coast of Tenerife Island (Canary Islands, Spain).
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Bendicho C, Lavilla I, Pena F, Costas M. Green Sample Preparation Methods. CHALLENGES IN GREEN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849732963-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation is the stage of the analytical process where greenness-related issues can likely play the most important role. With the exception of direct methods for solid sample analysis, for most analytical methods it is necessary to carry out a certain number of operations to make the sample amenable to the instrument. These operations, which may include digestion, extraction, dissolution, preconcentration and clean-up, typically require the use of large amounts of acids, organic solvents, and in general, chemicals that can often be persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) as well as operating conditions that can become unsafe and energy-consuming. Therefore, sample preparation stages should be targeted as a priority when green chemistry principles are to be adapted to analytical activities. This chapter is devoted to the discussion of most relevant sample preparation strategies that approach the fulfilment of the green chemistry principles. Thus, digestion and extraction strategies from solid samples for both inorganic and organic analysis are approached using microwaves and ultrasound, followed by a discussion of modern extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction for trace organic analysis. Microextraction techniques also deserve a place here, since a high degree of greenness is achieved when they are implemented in analytical methodology. Finally, application of surfactants in techniques such as cloud point extraction or membranes that allow minimizing the use of organic solvents for analysis of liquid samples are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bendicho
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vigo Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Isela Lavilla
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vigo Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Francisco Pena
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vigo Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Marta Costas
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vigo Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n 36310 Vigo Spain
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Malavia J, Santos F, Galceran M. Simultaneous pressurized liquid extraction and clean-up for the analysis of polybrominated biphenyls by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2011; 84:1155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Zhang Z, Ohiozebau E, Rhind SM. Simultaneous extraction and clean-up of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls from sheep liver tissue by selective pressurized liquid extraction and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Zhang Z, Rhind SM, Kerr C, Osprey M, Kyle CE. Selective pressurized liquid extraction of estrogenic compounds in soil and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 685:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Optimizing pressurized liquid extraction of microbial lipids using the response surface method. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:373-9. [PMID: 21185025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the determination of optimum extraction parameters to reach maximum lipid extraction yield with yeast. Total lipids were extracted from oleaginous yeast (Rhodotorula glutinis) using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The effects of extraction parameters on lipid extraction yield were studied by employing a second-order central composite design. The optimal condition was obtained as three cycles of 15 min at 100°C with a ratio of 144 g of hydromatrix per 100 g of dry cell weight. Different analysis methods were used to compare the optimized PLE method with two conventional methods (Soxhlet and modification of Bligh and Dyer methods) under efficiency, selectivity and reproducibility criteria thanks to gravimetric analysis, GC with flame ionization detector, High Performance Liquid Chromatography linked to Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (HPLC-ELSD) and thin-layer chromatographic analysis. For each sample, the lipid extraction yield with optimized PLE was higher than those obtained with referenced methods (Soxhlet and Bligh and Dyer methods with, respectively, a recovery of 78% and 85% compared to PLE method). Moreover, the use of PLE led to major advantages such as an analysis time reduction by a factor of 10 and solvent quantity reduction by 70%, compared with traditional extraction methods.
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42
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High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities in rice varieties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Zhang Z, Shanmugam M, Rhind SM. PLE and GC–MS Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Soils. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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44
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Carpinteiro I, Abuín B, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Cela R. Pressurized solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of benzotriazole light stabilizers in indoor dust. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3729-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Teo CC, Tan SN, Yong JWH, Hew CS, Ong ES. Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2484-94. [PMID: 20060531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) has become a popular green extraction method for different classes of compounds present in numerous kinds of matrices such as environmental, food and botanical samples. PHWE is also used in sample preparation to extract organic contaminants from foodstuff for food safety analysis and soils/sediments for environmental monitoring purposes. The main parameters which influence its extraction efficiency are namely the temperature, extraction time, flow rates and addition of modifiers/additives. Among these different parameters studied, temperature is described as the most important one. It is reported that the extraction of certain compounds is rather dependent on pressurized water with different applied temperature. Thus, the stability and reduced solubilities of certain compounds at elevated temperatures are highlighted in this review. With some modifications, a scaled-up PHWE could extract a higher amount of desirable compounds from solid and powdered samples such as plant and food materials. The PHWE extracts from plants are rich in chemical compounds or metabolites which can be a potential lead for drug discovery or development of disease-resistant food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Chye Teo
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
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46
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Pena MT, Casais MC, Mejuto MC, Cela R. Development of a sample preparation procedure of sewage sludge samples for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on selective pressurized liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:425-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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Ragnvaldsson D, Lättström A, Tesfalidet S, Lövgren L, Tysklind M, Leffler P. Arsenic chemical species-dependent genotoxic potential in water extracts from two CCA-contaminated soils measured by DNA-repair deficient CHO-cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:4253-4260. [PMID: 19361837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two soils with similar contamination levels from wood preservatives containing Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu) and Arsenic (As) (CCA), were assessed for their general toxicity and genotoxicity. A set of water-based extraction methods, including pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and batch leaching in milli-Q water and a weak CaCl(2)-solution, was used to produce soil extracts containing available fractions of contaminants. In addition, to obtain indications of the contaminants' bioavailability and toxic potential the genotoxicity of the extracts was estimated by testing their ability to inhibit the growth of wildtype Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-cells) and three genetically modified phenotypes that are deficient in different DNA-repair mechanisms. Total extractable arsenic concentrations in the extracts were comparable between the sites. However, the genotoxic potential was clearly higher in soil R extracts. The differences in genotoxic responses were related to differences in inorganic arsenic speciation. The ratio of trivalent arsenic (As(III)) to pentavalent arsenic (As(V)) was higher in all soil extracts from soil R, regardless of the leaching method used. The results of the various combinations of soil extraction techniques and assays using the CHO-cell lines reflected important differences in arsenic speciation in the two soils and possible synergistic effects in CCA-related exposure. They also indicate that speciation and combinatory effects are factors that should be taken into account when assessing risks at former wood impregnation sites contaminated by CCA-agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ragnvaldsson
- CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Umeå, Sweden.
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48
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Dussault ÈB, Balakrishnan VK, Solomon KR, Sibley PK. Matrix effects on mass spectrometric determinations of four pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water, sediments, and biota. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple analytical methods were developed for the extraction and determination of four pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from water, sediments, and biota. PPCPs were determined using tandem LC–MS in electrospray ionization mode, and interactions with matrix co-eluents were investigated. Extractions of water samples were performed using solid-phase extraction (SPE), sediments were extracted by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and biota was extracted by liquid extraction. The selected analytical methods yielded recoveries ≥ 61% in all matrixes. Matrix interactions were investigated throughout the linear range of quantification of each compound, revealing that dissolved salts had relatively minor effects on ionization (between 14% suppression to 12% enhancement), but that sediment and biota extracts caused significant matrix effects (ranging from 56% suppression to 25% enhancement). The direction and magnitude of matrix interactions reflected the physico-chemical properties of each analyte, particularly their pKa. Among the compounds analyzed in electrospray positive mode, carbamazepine was insensitive to matrix interactions, because it is a strong proton acceptor (pKa= 14.0). In contrast, atorvastatin (pKa= 4.5), a weaker proton acceptor, was particularly sensitive to matrix effects. For those compounds analyzed in negative-ion mode, sample alkalinity was found to be important. With a pKaof 10.4, 17α-ethinylestradiol generally exhibited matrix enhancement with increased sample alkalinity. However, the presence of acidic co-eluents contributed to matrix suppression. Lastly, TCS was particularly sensitive to matrix suppression, as its circumneutral pKa(7.9) caused even slight changes in sample pH to considerably impact ionization. We conclude that while different matrixes have clear impacts on ionization of these PPCPs, matrix effects can be quantified and overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ève B. Dussault
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Vimal K. Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Keith R. Solomon
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Paul K. Sibley
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada
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49
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Kania-Korwel I, Zhao H, Norstrom K, Li X, Hornbuckle KC, Lehmler HJ. Simultaneous extraction and clean-up of polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites from small tissue samples using pressurized liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1214:37-46. [PMID: 19019378 PMCID: PMC2648864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A pressurized liquid extraction-based method for the simultaneous extraction and in situ clean-up of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hydroxylated (OH)-PCBs and methylsulfonyl (MeSO(2))-PCBs from small (<0.5 g) tissue samples was developed and validated. Extraction of a laboratory reference material with hexane-dichloromethane-methanol (48:43:9, v/v) and Florisil as fat retainer allowed an efficient recovery of PCBs (78-112%; RSD: 13-37%), OH-PCBs (46+/-2%; RSD: 4%) and MeSO(2)-PCBs (89+/-21%; RSD: 24%). Comparable results were obtained with an established analysis method for PCBs, OH-PCBs and MeSO(2)-PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Kania-Korwel
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Collage of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Collage of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, MOE, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Karin Norstrom
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Collage of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Keri C. Hornbuckle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Collage of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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50
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Critical review on recent developments in solventless techniques for extraction of analytes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:809-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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