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Manig F, Kuhne K, von Neubeck C, Schwarzenbolz U, Yu Z, Kessler BM, Pietzsch J, Kunz-Schughart LA. The why and how of amino acid analytics in cancer diagnostics and therapy. J Biotechnol 2017; 242:30-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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2
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Hušek P, Švagera Z, Hanzlíková D, Řimnáčová L, Zahradníčková H, Opekarová I, Šimek P. Profiling of urinary amino-carboxylic metabolites by in-situ heptafluorobutyl chloroformate mediated sample preparation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1443:211-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Cationic permethylated 6-monoamino-6-monodeoxy-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector of dansylated amino acids in capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 99:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Dołowy M, Pyka A. Application of TLC, HPLC and GC methods to the study of amino acid and peptide enantiomers: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:84-101. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dołowy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Sosnowiec Poland
| | - Alina Pyka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Medical University of Silesia in Katowice; Sosnowiec Poland
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Faassen EJ, Beekman W, Lürling M. Evaluation of a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of the neurotoxin BMAA in surface waters. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65260. [PMID: 23762331 PMCID: PMC3676470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is suspected to play a role in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Because BMAA seems to be produced by cyanobacteria, surface waters are screened for BMAA. However, reliable analysis of BMAA requires specialized and expensive equipment. In 2012, a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of BMAA in surface waters was released. This kit could enable fast and relatively cheap screening of surface waters for BMAA. The objective of this study was to determine whether the BMAA ELISA kit was suitable for the determination of BMAA concentrations in surface waters. We hypothesised that the recovery of spiked samples was close to 100% and that the results of unspiked sample analysis were comparable between ELISA and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. However, we found that recovery was higher than 100% in most spiked samples, highest determined recovery was over 400%. Furthermore, the ELISA gave a positive signal for nearly each tested sample while no BMAA could be detected by LC-MS/MS. We therefore conclude that in its current state, the kit is not suitable for screening surface waters for BMAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Faassen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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6
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Miner-Williams W, Moughan PJ, Fuller MF. Comparison of three markers for the determination of bacterial protein in terminal ileal digesta in the growing pig. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:951-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Gas chromatographic enantioseparation of derivatized α-amino acids on chiral stationary phases—Past and present. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3122-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Improved enantiomer resolution and quantification of free D-amino acids in serum and urine by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4537-44. [PMID: 21641600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) in the quantitative analysis of amino acid enantiomers (AAEs) as their methyl chloroformate (MCF) derivatives in physiological fluids was investigated. Of the two column sets tested, the combination of an Rt-γDEXsa chiral column with a polar ZB-AAA column provided superior selectivity. Twenty AAEs were baseline resolved including L-Leu and D-Ile, which had failed separation by one-dimensional chiral GC-quadrupole-MS (GC-qMS). Lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) were in the range of 0.03-2 μM. Reproducibility of the analysis of a serum specimen in octaplicate ranged from 1.3 to 16.6%. The GC×GC-TOFMS method was validated by analyzing AAEs in 48 urine and 43 serum specimens, respectively, and by comparing the results with data obtained by a previously validated GC-qMS method. Mean recoveries ranged from 78.4% for D-Leu to 116.4% for D-Pro in urine and 72.2% for L-Thr to 129.4% for L-Ile in serum. The method was applied to the comparison of AAE serum levels in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis to a control group. Significantly increased D-AA concentrations were found for the patient group, whereas L-AA levels were slightly decreased.
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Hasegawa H, Shinohara Y, Masuda N, Hashimoto T, Ichida K. Simultaneous determination of serine enantiomers in plasma using Mosher's reagent and stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:502-507. [PMID: 21500319 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
D-Serine is a co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in glutamate neurotransmission and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for schizophrenia. However, D-serine also acts as a nephrotoxic substance in rats at high doses. To investigate the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of D-serine, a method for the stereoselective determination of serine enantiomers in rat plasma was developed using GC-MS with selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM). DL-[(2)H(3)]Serine was used as an internal standard to account for losses associated with the extraction, derivatization and chromatography. Serine enantiomers were purified by cation-exchange chromatography using BondElut SCX cartridge and derivatized with HCl in methanol to form methyl ester followed by subsequent N,O-diacylation with optically active (+)-α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride to form epimeric amide. Quantitation was performed by SIM of the molecular-related ions of the epimers in the chemical ionization mode. The intra- and inter-day reproducibility of the assay was less than 5% for D-serine and 3% for L-serine. The method was successively applied to study the pharmacokinetics of D-serine in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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GC Analysis of Amino Acids Using Trifluoroacetylacetone and Ethyl Chloroformate as Derivatizing Reagents in Skin Samples of Psoriatic and Arsenicosis Patients. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-1957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Miyamoto T, Sekine M, Ogawa T, Hidaka M, Homma H, Masaki H. Generation of Enantiomeric Amino Acids during Acid Hydrolysis of Peptides Detected by the Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectroscopy. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1644-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Comparison of derivatization and chromatographic methods for GC-MS analysis of amino acid enantiomers in physiological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1103-12. [PMID: 20371216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
GC-MS analysis of fluorinated and non-fluorinated chloroformate and anhydride derivatives of amino acid (AA) enantiomers on two different chiral columns was compared for the direct quantification of free L- and D-AAs in human serum and urine in a single analytical run. Best sensitivity was achieved with pentafluoropropionic anhydride/heptafluorobutanol derivatives separated on a Chirasil-L-Val column. However, the occurrence of racemization during derivatization precluded accurate quantification of AA enantiomers. Derivatization with methyl chloroformate/methanol and separation on an Rt-gammaDEXsa column did not exhibit racemization and yielded ten baseline separated racemates of proteinogenic AAs with resolution values greater than 2.4. However, protein and peptide hydrolysis occurred in serum and urine during the highly exothermal derivatization reaction under alkaline conditions. Removing serum proteins by precipitation before derivatization and performing the reaction at neutral pH enabled the determination of accurate free AA enantiomer concentrations. Accuracy of quantification was validated by an established nonchiral GC-MS method for AA analysis. Reliable quantification was achieved using stable-isotope labeled L-AAs as internal standards. Limits of detection (LOD) and lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for the D-AAs were in the range of 3.2-446 nM and 0.031-1.95 microM, respectively. Relative standard deviations (N=6) for the measurement of AAs in urine and serum ranged from 0.49-11.10% to 0.70-3.87%, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of urine from 19 patients with renal insufficiency. In comparison to healthy probands, D-ratios of Ala, Val, Pro, Thr, Asp, and Asn were significantly increased.
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Vincenti M, Fasano F, Valsania MC, Guarda P, Richardson SD. Application of the novel 5-chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentyl chloroformate derivatizing agent for the direct determination of highly polar water disinfection byproducts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:43-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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ZahradnÃcÌková H, HusÌek P, SÌimek P. GC separation of amino acid enantiomers via derivatization with heptafluorobutyl chloroformate and Chirasil-L-Val column. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3919-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Bacterial attraction and quorum sensing inhibition in Caenorhabditis elegans exudates. J Chem Ecol 2009; 35:878-92. [PMID: 19649780 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-009-9670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans, a bacterivorous nematode, lives in complex rotting fruit, soil, and compost environments, and chemical interactions are required for mating, monitoring population density, recognition of food, avoidance of pathogenic microbes, and other essential ecological functions. Despite being one of the best-studied model organisms in biology, relatively little is known about the signals that C. elegans uses to interact chemically with its environment or as defense. C. elegans exudates were analyzed by using several analytical methods and found to contain 36 common metabolites that include organic acids, amino acids, and sugars, all in relatively high abundance. Furthermore, the concentrations of amino acids in the exudates were dependent on developmental stage. The C. elegans exudates were tested for bacterial chemotaxis using Pseudomonas putida (KT2440), a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), a soil bacterium pathogenic to C. elegans, and Escherichia coli (OP50), a non-motile bacterium tested as a control. The C. elegans exudates attracted the two Pseudomonas species, but had no detectable antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. To our surprise, the exudates of young adult and adult life stages of C. elegans exudates inhibited quorum sensing in the reporter system based on the LuxR bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system, which regulates bacterial virulence and other factors in Vibrio fischeri. We were able to fractionate the QS inhibition and bacterial chemotaxis activities, thus demonstrating that these activities are chemically distinct. Our results demonstrate that C. elegans can attract its bacterial food and has the potential of partially regulating the virulence of bacterial pathogens by inhibiting specific QS systems.
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Capillary electrophoresis and column chromatography in biomedical chiral amino acid analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:695-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Rangel OA, Gómez-Baena G, López-Lozano A, Diez J, García-Fernández JM. Physiological role and regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in Prochlorococcus sp. strain MIT9313. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2009; 1:56-64. [PMID: 23765721 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2008.00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase is an enzyme catalysing a reaction for ammonium assimilation, alternative to those performed by glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. In the genus Prochlorococcus, genomic studies have shown the presence of the gdhA gene (encoding glutamate dehydrogenase) in only four of the sequenced strains, including MIT9313. We studied the physiological regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in this strain, by measuring the expression of gdhA, the intracellular concentration of the enzyme and its activity. Our goal was to clarify the physiological role of glutamate dehydrogenase, in order to understand why it has been selectively conserved in certain strains. Studies performed in cultures under nitrogen starvation, or with inhibitors of the nitrogen assimilation, suggest that the main role of glutamate dehydrogenase is not the assimilation of ammonium. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity and gdhA expression increased along the growth of cultures. Besides, we found a significant upregulation in gene expression when cultures were grown on glutamate as nitrogen source. We suggest that the main physiological role of glutamate dehydrogenase in Prochlorococcus MIT9313 is the utilization of glutamate to produce ammonium and 2-oxoglutarate, and amino acid recycling, thus enabling to use amino acids as nitrogen source. Therefore we propose that glutamate dehydrogenase is present in the genome of strains for whom the utilization of amino acids is most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Alberto Rangel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
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N-Ethoxycarbonylation combined with (S)-1-phenylethylamidation for enantioseparation of amino acids by achiral gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1214:151-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Šimek P, Hušek P, Zahradníčková H. Gas Chromatographic−Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Biomarkers Related to Folate and Cobalamin Status in Human Serum after Dimercaptopropanesulfonate Reduction and Heptafluorobutyl Chloroformate Derivatization. Anal Chem 2008; 80:5776-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, and Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty Hospital, 17. listopadu 1790, CZ-708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hušek
- Biology Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, and Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty Hospital, 17. listopadu 1790, CZ-708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Zahradníčková
- Biology Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, and Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty Hospital, 17. listopadu 1790, CZ-708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Hušek P, Šimek P, Hartvich P, Zahradníčková H. Fluoroalkyl chloroformates in treating amino acids for gas chromatographic analysis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1186:391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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