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Zhou Y, Cao F, Luo F, Lin Q. Octacosanol and health benefits: Biological functions and mechanisms of action. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wongwaiwech D, Weerawatanakorn M, Boonnoun P. Subcritical dimethyl ether extraction as a simple method to extract nutraceuticals from byproducts from rice bran oil manufacture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21007. [PMID: 33273543 PMCID: PMC7713051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The byproducts of rice bran oil processes are a good source of fat-soluble nutraceuticals, including γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanols. This study aimed to investigate the effects of green technology with low pressure as the subcritical fluid extraction with dimethyl ether (SUBFDME) on the amount of γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanol extracted from the byproducts and to increase the purity of policosanols. The SUBFDME extraction apparatus was operated under pressures below 1 MPa. Compared to the chemical extraction method, SUBFDME gave the highest content of γ-oryzanol at 924.51 mg/100 g from defatted rice bran, followed by 829.88 mg/100 g from the filter cake, while the highest phytosterol content was 367.54 mg/100 g. Transesterification gave the highest extraction yield of 43.71% with the highest policosanol content (30,787 mg/100 g), and the SUBFDME method increased the policosanol level from transesterified rice bran wax to 84,913.14 mg/100 g. The results indicate that the SUBFDME method is a promising tool to extract γ-oryzanol and phytosterol and a simple and effective technique to increase the purity of policosanol. The study presented a novel technique for the potential use of SUBSFDME as an alternative low-pressure and low-temperature technique to extract γ-oryzanol and phytosterol. The combination of transesterification and the SUBFDME technique is a potential simple two-step method to extract and purify policosanol, which is beneficial for the manufacture of dietary supplements, functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donporn Wongwaiwech
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Panatpong Boonnoun
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Apel L, Lorenz P, Urban S, Sauer S, Spring O, Stintzing FC, Kammerer DR. Phytochemical characterization of different yarrow species ( Achillea sp.) and investigations into their antimicrobial activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 76:55-65. [PMID: 32897872 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Various Achillea species are rich in bioactive compounds and are important medicinal plants in phytotherapy. In the present study, Achillea millefolium L., Achillea moschata Wulfen, and Achillea atrata L. were compared with respect to their phenolic profile and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria strains (Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium). Particular focus was given to A. atrata, which has hardly been studied so far. Based on the metabolite profile, A. atrata exhibited more similarities to A. moschata than to A. millefolium. The former two only differed in the occurrence of four compounds. The flavonols syringetin-3-O-glucoside and mearnsetin-hexoside, not reported for an Achillea species before, have been detected in A. atrata and A. moschata. All Achillea species reduced growth of the tested bacteria. A. atrata demonstrated highest activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, both being involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Furthermore, A. atrata has a pronounced anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus potential. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed that only the most polar fraction of A. moschata displayed antimicrobial activity, which was attributed to phenolics such as apigenin, centaureidin, and nevadensin, being present in high amounts in A. atrata. Thus, this alpine species shows promising antimicrobial activity and might be a potential source for developing novel dermal/topical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Apel
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Peter Lorenz
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Sabine Urban
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Simon Sauer
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Otmar Spring
- Institute of Botany, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian C Stintzing
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Kammerer
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
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Lorenz P, Heinrich M, Conrad J, Heller A, Stintzing FC, Kammerer DR. Comprehensive Characterisation ofn-Alkylresorcinols and Other Lipid Constituents ofMercurialis tomentosaL. from Alicante, Spain. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lorenz
- Section Phytochemical Research; Department of Analytical Development & Research; WALA Heilmittel GmbH; Dorfstrasse 1 DE-73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden
| | - Miriam Heinrich
- Section Phytochemical Research; Department of Analytical Development & Research; WALA Heilmittel GmbH; Dorfstrasse 1 DE-73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry (130b); University of Hohenheim; Garbenstraße 30 DE-70599 Stuttgart
| | - Annerose Heller
- Institute of Botany (210); University of Hohenheim; Garbenstraße 30 DE-70599 Stuttgart
| | - Florian C. Stintzing
- Section Phytochemical Research; Department of Analytical Development & Research; WALA Heilmittel GmbH; Dorfstrasse 1 DE-73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden
| | - Dietmar R. Kammerer
- Section Phytochemical Research; Department of Analytical Development & Research; WALA Heilmittel GmbH; Dorfstrasse 1 DE-73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden
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Ashraf MU, Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Bukhari SNA. Cydonia oblonga M., A Medicinal Plant Rich in Phytonutrients for Pharmaceuticals. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:163. [PMID: 27445806 PMCID: PMC4914572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cydonia oblonga M. is a medicinal plant of family Rosaceae which is used to prevent or treat several ailments such as cancer, diabetes, hepatitis, ulcer, respiratory, and urinary infections, etc. Cydonia oblonga commonly known as Quince is rich in useful secondary metabolites such as phenolics, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, sugars, organic acids, and glycosides. A wide range of pharmacological activities like antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular, antidepressant, antidiarrheal, hypolipidemic, diuretic, and hypoglycemic have been ascribed to various parts of C. oblonga. The polysaccharide mucilage, glucuronoxylan extruded from seeds of C. oblonga is used in dermal patches to heal wounds. This review focuses on detailed investigations of high-valued phytochemicals as well as pharmacological and phytomedicinal attributes of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulzar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of SargodhaSargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed N. A. Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Steingass CB, Glock MP, Schweiggert RM, Carle R. Studies into the phenolic patterns of different tissues of pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) infructescence by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS (n) and GC-MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015. [PMID: 26215283 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In a comprehensive study, more than 60 phenolic compounds were detected in methanolic extracts from different tissues of pineapple infructescence by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionisation multiple-stage mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS (n) ) as well as by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analytical workflow combining both methods revealed numerous compounds assigned for the first time as pineapple constituents by their mass fragmentations. Pineapple crown tissue was characterised by depsides of p-coumaric and ferulic acid. In contrast, major phenolic compounds in pineapple pulp extracts were assigned to diverse S-p-coumaryl, S-coniferyl and S-sinapyl derivatives of glutathione, N-L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteine and L-cysteine, which were also identified in the peel. The latter was additionally characterised by elevated concentrations of p-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acid depsides and glycerides, respectively. Two peel-specific cyanidin hexosides were found. Elevated concentrations of isomeric N,N'-diferuloylspermidines may be a useful tool for the detection of fraudulent peel usage for pineapple juice production. Mass fragmentation pathways of characteristic pineapple constituents are proposed, and their putative biological functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof B Steingass
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, Hohenheim University, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany,
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Duckstein SM, Lorenz P, Stintzing FC. Conversion of phenolic constituents in aqueous Hamamelis virginiana leaf extracts during fermentation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:588-597. [PMID: 22434718 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hamamelis virginiana, known for its high level of tannins and other phenolics is widely used for treatment of dermatological disorders. Although reports on hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts from Hamamelis leaf and bark exist, knowledge on fermented leaf preparations and the underlying conversion processes are still scant. OBJECTIVE Aqueous Hamamelis leaf extracts were monitored during fermentation and maturation in order to obtain an insight into the bioconversion of tannins and other phenolics. METHODOLOGY Aliquots taken during the production period were investigated by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS as well as GC-MS after derivatisation into the corresponding trimethylsilyl compounds. RESULTS In Hamamelis leaf extracts, the main constituents exhibited changes during the observational period of 6 months. By successive depside bond cleavage, the gallotannins were completely transformed into gallic acid after 1 month. Although not completely, kaempferol and quercetin glycosides were also converted during 6 months to yield their corresponding aglycones. Following C-ring fission, phloroglucinol was formed from the A-ring of both flavonols. The B-ring afforded 3-hydroxybenzoic acid from quercetin and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid as well as 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol from kaempferol. Interestingly, hydroxycinnamic acids remained almost stable in the same time range. CONCLUSION The present study broadens the knowledge on conversion processes in aqueous fermented extracts containing tannins, flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids. In particular, the analogy between the microbial metabolism of phenolics from fermented Hamamelis extracts, fermented sourdough by heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria or conversion of phenolics by the human microbial flora is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina M Duckstein
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Research and Development, Dorfstrasse 1, D-73087, Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
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de Melo MM, Oliveira EL, Silvestre AJ, Silva CM. Supercritical fluid extraction of triterpenic acids from Eucalyptus globulus bark. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pacifico S, Gallicchio M, Fiorentino A, Fischer A, Meyer U, Stintzing FC. Antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines of aqueous fermented and lipophilic quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) preparations. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4130-5. [PMID: 23034449 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the course of a screening program on quince phytochemicals, two complex preparations were in the focus of the present study, i.e., a lipophilic quince wax extract (QWE) and an aqueous fermented one (QAFE). While the phytochemical composition has been described earlier, the intention of the current investigation was to complement these data with an extensive antioxidant screening of these preparations including their radical scavenging and reductive power as well as their antilipoperoxidative properties. The Quince Aqueous Fermented Extract (QAFE) effectively scavenged the radical target species exhibiting ID(50) values equal to 68.8 μg/mL towards DPPH· and 73.7 μg/mL towards the anion superoxide radical. Quince wax extract (QWE) was more effective at preventing the formation of thiobarbituric reactive species than QAFE exhibiting an ID(50) value equal to 48.9 μg/mL. Moreover the cytotoxic effects towards human HepG2, A549, and HeLa cell lines were evaluated. The two preparations exerted a different effect on the proliferation of the three tested cell lines. Noteworthy, QAFE was almost always more active than QWE but, sometimes, its effects seemed to be strongly dependent on exposure time. Data obtained demonstrate clearly that both hydrophilic and lipophilic quince preparations are non-toxic and exert health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severina Pacifico
- Laboratorio di Fitochimica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy.
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Lorenz P, Conrad J, Bertrams J, Berger M, Duckstein S, Meyer U, Stintzing FC. Investigations into the phenolic constituents of dog's mercury (Mercurialis perennis L.) by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:60-71. [PMID: 21692118 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dog's mercury (Mercurialis perennis L.) is a traditional European medicinal plant considered as a rich source of bioactive natural products. Yet phytochemical data of the plant are scant. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the hydrophilic phenolic constituents from M. perennis by aqueous and hydroalcoholic extraction. METHODOLOGY Extracts of herbal parts were investigated in-depth by HPLC(DAD)-MS/MS and GC/MS analyses. In addition, a novel compound was isolated and fully characterised by 1- and 2D-NMR experiments. RESULTS Several conjugates of caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids together with glucaric or 2-hydroxyglutaric acids (depsides) were detected in the aqueous extracts from aerial plant parts by use of LC-MS/MS techniques as well UV-spectral data. By implementation of preparative chromatography on polyamide pretreated with formic acid followed by vacuum liquid chromatography on reversed-phase C(18) -silica, one of the predominant depsides was isolated as a pure compound. The NMR spectra ((1) H and (13) C NMR) together with 2D-hetereonuclear multiple bond correlation NMR experiments (gHMBC and gHSQC) and chiral GC investigation, allowed identification of this compound as (-)-(E)-caffeoyl-2-(R)-oxoglutarate. This structure was additionally supported by GC/MS data after silylation and methylation reactions. The hydroalcoholic extract from aerial parts was separated by solvent partition between ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The latter fraction (n-butanol) yielded a mixture of mono- and oligo-glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin, all of them being assigned by LC-MS/MS. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation constitutes the first comprehensive report on the hydrophilic constituents of the rarely studied plant Mercurialis and thus completes the phytochemical knowledge on M. perennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lorenz
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, R&D, Dorfstrasse 1, Bad Boll/Eckwaelden, 73087, Germany.
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Lorenz P, Hradecky M, Berger M, Bertrams J, Meyer U, Stintzing FC. Lipophilic constituents from aerial and root parts of Mercurialis perennis L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2010; 21:234-245. [PMID: 19957264 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dog's mercury (Mercurialis perennis L.) is a perennial herb used in remedies for medicinal purposes. The plant is supposed to contain potentially active substances but its constituents have only been rarely studied. OBJECTIVE Detailed studies on the phytochemical composition are of great interest to broaden the knowledge on the chemotaxonomy and pharmacognosy of M. perennis. METHODOLOGY Chloroform and hexane extracts from roots and aerial parts were investigated using GC/MS and LC/MS. RESULTS The whole plant exhihited a broad spectrum of structurally diverse constituents, mainly alkaloids, terpenes, sterols and simple aromatic compounds. Closer inspection of the piperidine alkaloid hermidin revealed its inherent instability towards air oxygen. To obtain quantitative data on these alkaloids the synthesis of the more stable reference compound 4-methoxy-1-methylpyridine-2,6(1H,3H)-dione (MMPD) was required. In this study, MMPD was detected for the first time as a genuine compound in Mercurialis. Hermidine quinone and hermidin dimers originating from hermidin via a free anionic radical reaction were also confirmed by GC/MS. Moreover, volatile compounds such as benzylalcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 4-methoxy- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenol, (-)-cis- and (+)-trans-myrtanol, (-)-cis-myrtanal as well as squalene were predominantely present in Mercurialis roots. In contrast, aerial parts mainly contained phytol derivatives, sterols and tocopherols. By changing solvent polarity, lipid and wax-containing fractions were obtained. LC/MS-studies on hexane extracts showed the presence of several mixed triglycerides constituted by linolenic, linoleic, oleic, stearic and palmitic acids, as well as lutein, carotenes and pheophytins. CONCLUSIONS The phytochemical data presented complement our knowledge on the rarely studied plant M. perennis and may broaden its use in future phytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lorenz
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstrasse 1, D-73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
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Eduardo I, Chietera G, Bassi D, Rossini L, Vecchietti A. Identification of key odor volatile compounds in the essential oil of nine peach accessions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1146-54. [PMID: 20393995 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile compounds, together with sugars and acids, are the main chemical species determining the characteristic aroma and flavor of food. In peach, more than 100 volatiles have been identified. RESULTS The essential oil of six peach and three nectarine accessions used in Italian breeding programs was obtained by steam distillation, and the volatiles were investigated. A total of 47 known volatiles, two unidentified compounds and nine hydrocarbons were identified, including 12 aldehydes, six alcohols, three acids, three esters, six terpenes, two phenylalanine derivates, two C(13) norisoprenoids, one ketone (C(9)) and 10 lactones. A wide variation in the number of volatiles and in their concentration was observed among the nine accessions. Twenty-one compounds presented odor activity values (OAVs) higher than 1 in at least one of the accessions and were therefore putatively considered as key odorants in the peach volatile composition. CONCLUSION This study reports the identification, quantification and potency, based on the OAVs, of the most important volatile compounds, along with fruit quality characteristics, of nine different peach/nectarine accessions and will help future peach volatile breeding programs for the selection of odor-rich accessions to be used in the development of new improved cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iban Eduardo
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, Loc. C.na Codazza, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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