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Chen M, Burn PL, Shaw PE. Luminescence-based detection and identification of illicit drugs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13244-13259. [PMID: 37144605 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence-based sensing is capable of being used for the sensitive, rapid, and in some cases selective detection of chemicals. Furthermore, the method is amenable to incorporation into handheld low-power portable detectors that can be used in the field. Luminescence-based detectors are now commercially available for explosive detection with the technology built on a strong foundation of science. In contrast, there are fewer examples of luminescence-based detection of illicit drugs, despite the pervasive and global challenge of combating their manufacture, distribution and consumption and the need for handheld detection systems. This perspective describes the relatively nascent steps that have been reported in the use of luminescent materials for the detection of illicit drugs. Much of the published work has focused on detection of illicit drugs in solution with less work on vapour detection using thin luminescent sensing films. The latter are better suited for handheld sensing devices and detection in the field. Illicit drug detection has been achieved via different mechanisms, all of which change the luminescence of the sensing material. These include photoinduced hole transfer (PHT) leading to quenching of the luminescence, disruption of Förster energy transfer between different chromophores by a drug, and chemical reaction between the sensing material and a drug. The most promising of these is PHT, which can be used for rapid and reversible detection of illicit drugs in solution and film-based sensing of drugs in the vapour phase. However, there are still significant knowledge gaps, for example, how vapours of illicit drugs interact with the sensing films, and how to achieve selectivity for specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - P L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - P E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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2
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Siva S, Jin JO, Choi I, Kim M. Nanoliposome based biosensors for probing mycotoxins and their applications for food: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114845. [PMID: 36327568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the most common feed and food contaminants affecting animals and humans, respectively; continuous exposure causes tremendous health problems such as kidney disorders, infertility, immune suppression, liver inflammation, and cancer. Consequently, their control and quantification in food materials is crucial. Biosensors are potential tools for the rapid detection and quantification of mycotoxins with high sensitivity and selectivity. Nanoliposomes (NLs) are vesicular carriers formed by self-assembling phospholipids that surround the aqueous cores. Utilizing their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high carrying capacity, researchers have employed NLs in biosensors for monitoring various targets in biological and food samples. The NLs are used for surface modification, signal marker delivery, and detection of toxins, bacteria, pesticides, and diseases. Here, we review marker-entrapped NLs used in the development of NL-based biosensors for mycotoxins. These biosensors are sensitive, selective, portable, and cost-effective analytical tools, and the resulting signal can be produced and/or amplified with or without destroying the NLs. In addition, this review emphasizes the benefits of the immunoliposome method in comparison with traditional detection approaches. We expect this review to serve as a valuable reference for researchers in this rapidly growing field. The insights provided may facilitate the rational design of next-generation NL-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Siva
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inho Choi
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Shah M, Kolhe P, Roberts A, Shrikrishna NS, Gandhi S. Ultrasensitive immunosensing of Penicillin G in food samples using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated electrode surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112812. [PMID: 36088829 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The impact of uncontrolled antibiotic use in animals has subsequently led to emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among humans due to consumption of animal by-products. Hence, to investigate antibiotic contamination in animal origin food products, we have developed a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based immunosensor using fabricated electrode conjugated with anti-Penicillin antibody (rGO/Pen-Ab) for sensitive detection of Penicillin G. To execute this, Penicillin was first conjugated with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) which was confirmed via chromatographic, spectroscopic and electrophoretic-based techniques against both the in-house developed Penicillin conjugate (Pen-BSA) as well as the commercial Penicillin conjugate (Com-Pen-BSA). Further, we fabricated electrode based on one step synthesized rGO and immobilized with antibodies generated against Pen-BSA (Pen-Ab), and Com-Pen-BSA (Com-Pen-Ab), separately for detection of Penicillin. Each synthesis and conjugation step was confirmed by different spectroscopic methods. For efficient working of the electrode, various parameters were optimized using Voltammetry. The limit of detection for Penicillin G against Pen-Ab and Com-Pen-Ab was determined as 0.724 pM and 0.668 pM respectively and both displayed negligible cross reactivity against other β-lactam antibiotics (Cefalexin and Ampicillin). Furthermore, antibiotics were also detected in spiked milk, egg and meat samples and the electrode was evaluated for repeatability and storage stability. In conclusion, in-house developed Pen-Ab showed better sensitivity as compared to Com-Pen-Ab. The fabricated rGO/Pen-Ab biosensor shows future potential for rapid detection of penicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics for safe consumption of animal by-products in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitri Shah
- DBT -National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Kolhe
- DBT -National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Akanksha Roberts
- DBT -National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India
| | | | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT -National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India.
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4
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Razlansari M, Ulucan-Karnak F, Kahrizi M, Mirinejad S, Sargazi S, Mishra S, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Nanobiosensors for detection of opioids: A review of latest advancements. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:79-94. [PMID: 36067954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are generally used as analgesics in pain treatment. Like many drugs, they have side effects when overdosing and causeaddiction problems.Illegal drug use and misuse are becoming a major concern for authorities worldwide; thus, it is critical to have precise procedures for detecting them in confiscated samples, biological fluids, and wastewaters. Routine blood and urine tests are insufficient for highly selective determinations and can cause cross-reactivities. For this purpose, nanomaterial-based biosensors are great tools to determine opioid intakes, continuously monitoring the drugs with high sensitivity and selectivity even at very low sample volumes.Nanobiosensors generally comprise a signal transducer nanostructure in which a biological recognition molecule is immobilized onto its surface. Lately, nanobiosensors have been extensively utilized for the molecular detection of opioids. The usage of novel nanomaterials in biosensing has impressed biosensing studies. Nanomaterials with a large surface area have been used to develop nanobiosensors with shorter reaction times and higher sensitivity than conventional biosensors. Colorimetric and fluorescence sensing methods are two kinds of optical sensor systems based on nanomaterials. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as silver and gold, are the most frequently applied nanomaterials in colorimetric techniques, owing to their unique optical feature of surface plasmon resonance. Despite the progress of an extensive spectrum of nanobiosensors over the last two decades, the future purpose of low-cost, high-throughput, multiplexed clinical diagnostic lab-on-a-chip instruments has yet to be fulfilled. In this review, a concise overview of opioids (such as tramadol and buprenorphine, oxycodone and fentanyl, methadone and morphine) is provided as well as information on their classification, mechanism of action, routine tests, and new opioid sensing technologies based on various NPs. In order to highlight the trend of nanostructure development in biosensor applications for opioids, recent literature examples with the nanomaterial type, target molecules, and limits of detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Razlansari
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Fulden Ulucan-Karnak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey.
| | | | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran.
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran.
| | - Sachin Mishra
- NDAC Centre, Kwangwoon University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01897, South Korea; RFIC Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01897, South Korea.
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P.O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran.
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Karimzadeh Z, Jouyban A, Ostadi A, Gharakhani A, Rahimpour E. A sensitive determination of morphine in plasma using AuNPs@UiO-66/PVA hydrogel as an advanced optical scaffold. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1227:340252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Quantitative and rapid detection of morphine and hydromorphone at the point of care by an automated giant magnetoresistive nanosensor platform. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7211-7221. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Ren Z, Zhang H, Wang Z, Chen X, Yang L, Jiang H. Progress in Immunoassays of Toxic Alkaloids in Plant-Derived Medicines: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030165. [PMID: 35324662 PMCID: PMC8948709 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are the cradle of the traditional medicine system, assuaging human or animal diseases, and promoting health for thousands of years. However, many plant-derived medicines contain toxic alkaloids of varying degrees of toxicity that pose a direct or indirect threat to human and animal health through accidental ingestion, misuse of plant materials, or through the food chain. Thus, rapid, easy, and sensitive methods are needed to effectively screen these toxic alkaloids to guarantee the safety of plant-derived medicines. Antibodies, due to their inherent specificity and high affinity, have been used as a variety of analytical tools and techniques. This review describes the antigen synthesis and antibody preparation of the common toxic alkaloids in plant-derived medicines and discusses the advances of antibody-based immunoassays in the screening and detection of toxic alkaloids in plants or other related matrices. Finally, the limitations and prospects of immunoassays for toxic alkaloids are discussed.
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Köteles I, Mazák K, Tóth G, Horváth P, Kiss E, Tűz B, Hosztafi S. Synthesis of 3-O-Carboxyalkyl Morphine Derivatives and Characterization of Their Acid-Base Properties. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100135. [PMID: 34018677 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The C-3 phenolic hydroxy group containing morphine derivatives (morphine, oxymorphone, naloxone, naltrexone) are excellent candidates for the synthesis of 3-O-functionalized molecules. Achieving free carboxylic group containing derivatives gives the opportunity for further modification and conjugation that could be used for immunization and immunoassays. For this purpose ethyl bromo- and chloroacetate can be used as O-alkylating agents. Hydrolyzing the products affords the appropriate free carboxylic group containing 3-O-carboxyalkyl derivatives. As these molecules contain an acidic and a basic functional group the protonation macro- and microconstants were determined too, using pH-potentiometry and NMR-pH titration, beside fully characterizing their structure using IR, CD, NMR and HR-MS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Köteles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Mazák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Tűz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Hosztafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre u. 9., H-1092, Budapest, Hungary
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Kasoju A, Shrikrishna NS, Shahdeo D, Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Gandhi S. Microfluidic paper device for rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 using an aptamer based colorimetric assay. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11843-11850. [PMID: 35496625 PMCID: PMC9050516 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of milk by mycotoxins is a serious problem worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Kasoju
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology
- Hyderabad-500032
- India
- Department of Biotechnology
- JNTUA College of Engineering
| | | | | | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Riyadh-11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology
- Hyderabad-500032
- India
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Roberts A, Tripathi PP, Gandhi S. Graphene nanosheets as an electric mediator for ultrafast sensing of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-A biomarker of cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111398. [PMID: 31176112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrochemical immunosensor has been developed for rapid detection of urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) - a biomarker for cancer. uPAR is a GPI-anchored cell membrane receptor that shows increased expression in many types of human cancers which include breast, prostate, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, a novel ultrasensitive FTO graphene nanosheets based electrode was used as a working probe to analyze the interaction between urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and monoclonal uPAR antibody (Ab). Graphene nanosheets (GNS) exhibited high conductivity, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the immunochemical assay. GNS were coupled with uPAR-Ab via carbodiimide activation chemistry with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as a heterobifunctional crosslinker. The confirmation of immobilization events was done by biophysical methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential pulse (DPV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The immobilization conditions were optimized in accordance with the best sensor response. Under optimum conditions, the proposed sensor displayed wide linear detection range (1 fM to 1 μM) with a detection limit of 4.8 fM in standard. The developed sensor was profitably engaged to detect uPA in spiked serum samples up to 9.2 pM. Furthermore, the developed uPAR immunosensor showed good reproducibility, repeatability, and storage stability (75% of initial activity observed up to 4 weeks). FTO/GNS/uPAR-Ab/uPA-Ag immunosensor displayed acceptable performance for detection of uPA and exhibited low detection limit with high reproducibility. The proposed immunosensor is 'easy to use', highly specific, and can be used as a quantitative tool making it a tenable alternate for the detection of uPAR in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Roberts
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, 700091, India; IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
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Islam S, Shukla S, Bajpai VK, Han YK, Huh YS, Ghosh A, Gandhi S. Microfluidic-based graphene field effect transistor for femtomolar detection of chlorpyrifos. Sci Rep 2019; 9:276. [PMID: 30670750 PMCID: PMC6343030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used pesticides that acts on the nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Prolonged use of chlorpyrifos causes severe neurological, autoimmune, and persistent developmental disorders in humans. Therefore, in this study, a highly sensitive and robust biosensor platform was devised by fabricating graphene field effect transistors (graFET) on Si/SiO2 substrate for the detection of chlorpyrifos in real samples. Anti-chlorpyrifos antibodies were immobilized successfully on the graphene surface. Under optimal conditions, graFET sensor showed an excellent response for chlorpyrifos detection in the linear range of 1 fM to 1 µM with a limit of detection up to 1.8 fM in spiked samples. The developed graFET biosensor is highly stable, sensitive, and specific for chlorpyrifos as confirmed by its significant ability to detect changes in electrostatic potential. These findings signify useful efficacy of immunobiosensors for the detection of chlorpyrifos and other organophosphates in fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Islam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 560012, India
- Center for Nanoscience and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (DBT-NIAB), Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India.
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Islam S, Shukla S, Bajpai VK, Han YK, Huh YS, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Gandhi S. A smart nanosensor for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus and associated cardiovascular and arthritis diseases using functionalized graphene-based transistors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:792-799. [PMID: 30557838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which isa worldwide public health issue, is commonly associated with cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A smart nanosensor was developed for the detection of HIV and its related diseases (CVDs and RA) using graphene-based field-effect transistors (FETs). In this study, amine-functionalized graphene (afG) was conjugated with antibodies [anti-p24 for HIV, anti-cardiac troponin 1 (anti-cTn1) for CVDs, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) for RA] to detect various biomarkers. The antibodies were covalently conjugated to afG via carbodiimide activation. The bioconjugate (graphene-antibody) was characterized by various biophysical techniques such as UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrochemical performance of the sensor was evaluated with respect to changes in the resistance of the electrode surface due to the interaction of the antigen with its specific antibody. The developed sensor was highly sensitive and showed a linear response to p24, cTn1, and, CCP from 1 fg/mL to 1 μg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was 100 fg/mL for p24 and 10 fg/mL for cTn1 and CCP under standard optimized conditions. The graphene-based smart nanodevice demonstrated excellent performance; thus, it could be used for the on-site detection of HIV, CVD, and RA biomarkers in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Islam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildongro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildongro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildongro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Arindam Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India; Center for Nanoscience and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (DBT-NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, Telangana, India.
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Aswani Kumar YVV, Renuka RM, Achuth J, Venkataramana M, Ushakiranmayi M, Sudhakar P. Development of Hybrid IgG-Aptamer Sandwich Immunoassay Platform for Aflatoxin B1 Detection and Its Evaluation Onto Various Field Samples. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:271. [PMID: 29636688 PMCID: PMC5880897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to develop a novel antibody-aptamer based hybrid detection strategy for specific and sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from contaminated food grains. The study comprises generation of ssDNA aptamers and anti-AFB1 IgG against AFB1 toxin. The generated bio-probes (aptamers and antibodies) were further characterized for their specificity and sensitivity using indirect ELISA. The generated aptamers namely AFB1a and AFB1b showed prominent reactivity and selectivity against AFB1 toxin. These aptamers were further characterized for their secondary structures and dG values were determined as -4.6 and -2.75 Kcal/mol, respectively. The detection limit (LOD) of AFB1a and anti-AFB1 IgG was determined as 5 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The characterized aptamers and antibodies against AFB1 were used to develop the sandwich immunoassay. Anti AFB1 IgG was used as a capturing antibody whereas anti-AFB1a aptamer was used as its revealing partner in the assay. The limit of detection (LOD) of the immunoassay was determined to be 5 ng/mL of AFB1 standard toxin and showed no cross-reactivity with closely related mycotoxins. To assess the reliability of the developed method, several field samples contaminated with aflatoxin B1 was included in the study and results were validated with commercial AFB1-ELISA Kit. Additionally, the spiking studies were also carried out to demonstrate the consistency and dependability of the developed hybrid sandwich immunoassay wherein the toxins recovered were found to be ranging between 73 and 98.80% with the LOD at 5 ng/mL. In conclusion, the developed method may find the better utility in routine food testing laboratories for assessment of AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. M. Renuka
- DRDO-BU-CLS, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | | - M. Ushakiranmayi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - P. Sudhakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
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Mishra P, Banga I, Tyagi R, Munjal T, Goel A, Capalash N, Sharma P, Suri CR, Gandhi S. An immunochromatographic dipstick as an alternate for monitoring of heroin metabolites in urine samples. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23163-23170. [PMID: 35540121 PMCID: PMC9081577 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathway of heroin degradation post oral administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB)
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences (AINN)
| | - Ivneet Banga
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB)
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
| | - Roshika Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB)
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
| | - Tanya Munjal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB)
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
| | - Aditya Goel
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB)
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - C. R. Suri
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology
- Chandigarh-160036
- India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB)
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology
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15
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Gandhi S, Banga I, Maurya PK, Eremin SA. A gold nanoparticle-single-chain fragment variable antibody as an immunoprobe for rapid detection of morphine by dipstick. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1511-1518. [PMID: 35540925 PMCID: PMC9077121 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12810j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based optical assays are of significant interest since the molecular phenomenon can be examined easily with change in the color of AuNPs. Herein, we report the development of a dipstick using a AuNP-labeled single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody for the detection of morphine. The scFv antibodies for morphine were developed using phage display-based antibody library. Immunoglobulin variable regions of heavy (VH)- and light (VL)-chain genes were connected via a glycine–serine linker isolated from murine immune repertoire and cloned into the expression vector pIT2. The scFv was produced in Escherichia coli HB2151, yielding a functional protein with a molecular weight of approximately 32 kDa. The morphine scFv was labeled with gold nanoparticles and used as an optical immunoprobe in a dipstick. The competitive dipstick assay characterized the ability of the scFv antibody to recognize free morphine. The detection range was 1–1000 ng mL−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5 ng mL−1 under optimal conditions, and the IC50 value was 14 ng mL−1 for morphine. The developed optical dipstick kit of scFv antibody was capable of specifically binding to free morphine and its analogs in a solution in less than 5 min and could be useful for on-site screening of a real sample in blood, urine, and saliva. Dipstick device developed on the principle of lateral flow using gold nanoparticles for analysis of morphine in urine by morphine/scFv/immunoprobe.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Gandhi
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
| | - Ivneet Banga
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Amity University
- Noida-201313
- India
- Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo
| | - Sergei A. Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry
- M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
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16
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Singh S, Mishra P, Banga I, S Parmar A, Prakash Tripathi P, Gandhi S. Chemiluminescence based immunoassay for the detection of heroin and its metabolites. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2017; 8:53-58. [PMID: 29713602 PMCID: PMC5915709 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2018.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Continuous use of opiates causes drug-related illnesses, which poses an alarming situation to develop sensitive detection platform. In this study, a highly sensitive and reliable chemiluminescence immunoassay (CI) has been developed for the detection of heroin and its major metabolites in spiked urine samples. Methods: To develop robust immunoassay, monoacetyl morphine-bovine serum albumin (MAM-BSA) conjugate was synthesized and characterized thoroughly by physicochemical techniques. The anti-MAM antibodies were developed, labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and immunoassay was developed to detect the presence of target drug in spiked urine samples. Results: A competitive CI was developed, where heroin, MAM, morphine, and codeine concentration were ranged from 0-1000 ng/ mL in spiked urine samples and limit of detection were 80, 95, 90, 75 pg/ mL. Conclusion: The developed CI is highly sensitive, specific, point of care, cost-effective and can be used as a routine technique for quantitative analysis for screening of narcotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smritee Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India
| | - Priya Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India
- Amity Institute of Neurophyscology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India
| | - Ivneet Banga
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India
| | - Avanish S Parmar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal-700032, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida-201313, India
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17
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Shcherbakova EG, Zhang B, Gozem S, Minami T, Zavalij PY, Pushina M, Isaacs LD, Anzenbacher P. Supramolecular Sensors for Opiates and Their Metabolites. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14954-14960. [PMID: 28820934 PMCID: PMC5682928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights a sensing approach for opiates using acyclic cucurbituril (aCBs) sensors comprising four glycouril units terminated on both ends with naphthalene fluorophore walls. The connectivity between the glycourils and naphthalene rings largely defines the opening size of the cucurbituril cavity and its diameter. The large hydrophobic binding cavity is flexible and is able to adapt to guests of various size and topology. The recognition event between the aCBs and guests results in modification of the fluorescence of the terminal walls, a fluorescence response that can be used to sense the drugs of abuse morphine, heroin, and oxycodone as well as their metabolites. Molecular dynamics is employed to understand the nature of the binding interactions. A simple three sensor cross-reactive array enables the determination of drugs and their metabolites in water with high fidelity and low error. Quantitative experiments performed in urine using a new three-way calibration model allows for determination of drugs and their metabolites using one sensor from a single fluorescence reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G. Shcherbakova
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, U.S.A
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, U.S.A
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, U.S.A
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Peter Y. Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, U.S.A
| | - Mariia Pushina
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, U.S.A
| | - Lyle D. Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, U.S.A
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, U.S.A
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18
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Bai Y, Hu J, Liu S, Zhang W, Zhang J, He J, Li P, Li X, Jin J, Wang Z. Production of antibodies and development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 17β-estradiol in milk. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1350833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Wenzhou Vocational and Scientific College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Hu
- Wenzhou Vocational and Scientific College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Liu
- Wenzhou Vocational and Scientific College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Wenzhou Vocational and Scientific College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Wenzhou Vocational and Scientific College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- Wenzhou Vocational and Scientific College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peide Li
- Wenzhou Vocational and Scientific College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Wenzhou Vocational and Scientific College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Jin
- Wenzhou Vocational and Scientific College, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Madrakian T, Fazl F, Ahmadi M, Afkhami A. Efficient solid phase extraction of codeine from human urine samples using a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoadsorbent and its spectrofluorometric determination. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From a medical or clinical point of view, to assess toxicity, adverse effects, interactions and therapeutic efficiency, monitoring drug levels in body fluids, such as urine and plasma, has become increasingly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariba Fazl
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
| | | | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali Sina University
- Hamedan
- Iran
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20
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Gandhi S, Suman P, Kumar A, Sharma P, Capalash N, Suri CR. Recent advances in immunosensor for narcotic drug detection. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2015; 5:207-13. [PMID: 26929925 PMCID: PMC4769791 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosensor for illicit drugs have gained immense interest and have found several applications for drug abuse monitoring. This technology has offered a low cost detection of narcotics; thereby, providing a confirmatory platform to compliment the existing analytical methods. METHODS In this minireview, we define the basic concept of transducer for immunosensor development that utilizes antibodies and low molecular mass hapten (opiate) molecules. RESULTS This article emphasizes on recent advances in immunoanalytical techniques for monitoring of opiate drugs. Our results demonstrate that high quality antibodies can be used for immunosensor development against target analyte with greater sensitivity, specificity and precision than other available analytical methods. CONCLUSION In this review we highlight the fundamentals of different transducer technologies and its applications for immunosensor development currently being developed in our laboratory using rapid screening via immunochromatographic kit, label free optical detection via enzyme, fluorescence, gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes based immunosensing for sensitive and specific monitoring of opiates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Gandhi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Pankaj Suman
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - C. Raman Suri
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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21
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Qi X, Zou M, Zhang X, Zhou P, Zhang F. Portable Immuno-Microchip Analyzer for the Determination of Morphine and Its Analogs. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.702181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Sharma P, Gandhi S, Chopra A, Sekar N, Raman Suri C. Fluoroimmunoassay based on suppression of fluorescence self-quenching for ultra-sensitive detection of herbicide diuron. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 676:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Tey JN, Gandhi S, Wijaya IPM, Palaniappan A, Wei J, Rodriguez I, Suri CR, Mhaisalkar SG. Direct detection of heroin metabolites using a competitive immunoassay based on a carbon-nanotube liquid-gated field-effect transistor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:993-998. [PMID: 20394068 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200902139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J N Tey
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.
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Gandhi S, Caplash N, Sharma P, Raman Suri C. Strip-based immunochromatographic assay using specific egg yolk antibodies for rapid detection of morphine in urine samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:502-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis. Drug Test Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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