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Portet-Koltalo F, Humbert K, Cosme J, Debret M, Morin C, Le Gohlisse S. Measuring aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments by direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Matrix effects and quantification challenges. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464895. [PMID: 38608367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Direct sample introduction thermal desorption (TD) coupled to GC-MS was investigated for the analysis of paraffinic hydrocarbons (HCs) from polluted sediments. TD-GC-MS is sometimes used for analysing paraffinic HCs from atmospheric particles but rarely for their direct desorption from sediments. So, the new TD methodology, applied to sediments, required development, optimization and validation. A definitive screening experimental design was performed to discriminate the critical factors on TD efficiency, from model sediments containing various organic matter (OM) amounts. Low molecular weight HCs had extraction behaviours markedly different from high molecular ones (HMW-HCs), but a compromise was found using very few sediment amount (5 mg), high temperature rate (55 °C min-1) and final temperature (350 °C). Linear HCs (n-C10 to n-C40) could be quantified using the matrix-matched calibration method, with very low detection limits (3.8-13.4 ng). The amount of the overall paraffinic alkanes was also determined as a sum of unresolved components between predefined equivalent carbon ranges. The developed solventless methodology was compared to an optimized solvent microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Matrix effects could be higher for TD compared to MAE but it depended on sediment matrix. When matrix effect was strong, particularly on HMW-HCs signal depletion, a dilution with pure non-porous sand was favourable for accurate quantification. The sum of resolved and unresolved HCs gave comparable results between MAE and TD extractions, with an exception of alkanes greater than C30 which were less quantitatively extracted via TD. However, TD-GC-MS was more sensitive than MAE-GC-MS. So TD-GC-MS is useful for analyzing sediments containing a great range of paraffinic HCs (C9-C34) and it has the advantages of being fully automated, with few sample preparation and operator intervention, using very low amounts of solvent, and generating few wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Portet-Koltalo
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France.
| | - Kévin Humbert
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France; M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan CEDEX 76821, France
| | - Julie Cosme
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France
| | - Maxime Debret
- M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan CEDEX 76821, France
| | - Christophe Morin
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France
| | - Steeven Le Gohlisse
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France
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Li T, Cao X, He S, Zhang M, Xu W, Xiong Z, Liang Y, Wang C, Chen B. An accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector method to rapidly determining and assessing total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in soil from Fushan oilfield, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37444-37454. [PMID: 32681341 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A high-efficient method for determining the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was established by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, coupled with an efficient 10 m short chromatographic column; the analyzing period was narrowed to 5 mins. The limits of detection of the method included 1.47, 4.02, and 0.69 mg/kg, and the corresponding limits of quantification reached 4.45, 12.2, and 2.10 mg/kg for the three fractions C10-C16, C17-C34, and C35-C40, respectively. The method was employed to real samples to achieve the routine environmental monitoring of TPH in polluted sites from Fushan oilfield, China. As revealed from the analysis of 30 soil samples in the study area, a wide range of TPH concentrations were achieved: 61.6-7300 mg/kg (average, 1055 mg/kg) for ΣC10-C16, 438-14,280 mg/kg (average, 4544 mg/kg) for ΣC17-C34, 25.4-638 mg/kg (average, 250 mg/kg) for ΣC35-C40, and 617-15,348 (average, 5848 mg/kg) for ΣC10-C40, respectively. According to the Nemerow integrated pollution index, the Fushan oilfield has been slightly polluted by TPH. As suggested from the distribution of TPH concentrations, the main sources of TPH in soil samples of Fushan oilfield included oil spills during temporary storage, transportation, and oil exploitation. Adopting the developed method to delve into oilfield soil samples further verifies the effectiveness of the method, indicating that the method can well meet the growing demand of regulatory guidelines for related risk assessment and environmental monitoring and remediation strategy formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengya Li
- Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Xiaocong Cao
- Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China.
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China.
| | - Shuhai He
- Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Mingshan Zhang
- Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Wenshuai Xu
- Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Zengheng Xiong
- Haikou Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 279 Gaodeng West Street, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Chenye Wang
- Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Biaojuan Chen
- Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, 571126, China
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Teng Y, Feng D, Song L, Wang J, Li J. Total petroleum hydrocarbon distribution in soils and groundwater in Songyuan oilfield, Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:9559-9569. [PMID: 23748918 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the distribution of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in groundwater and soil, a total of 71 groundwater samples (26 unconfined groundwater samples, 37 confined groundwater samples, and 8 deeper confined groundwater samples) and 80 soil samples were collected in the Songyuan oilfield, Northeast China, and the vertical variation and spatial variability of TPH in groundwater and soil were assessed. For the groundwater from the unconfined aquifer, petroleum hydrocarbons were not detected in three samples, and for the other 23 samples, concentrations were in the range 0.01-1.74 mg/l. In the groundwater from the confined aquifer, petroleum hydrocarbons were not detected in two samples, and in the other 35 samples, the concentrations were 0.04-0.82 mg/l. The TPH concentration in unconfined aquifer may be influenced by polluted surface water and polluted soil; for confined aquifer, the injection wells leakage and left open hole wells may be mainly responsible for the pollution. For soils, the concentrations of TPH varied with sampling depth and were 0-15 cm (average concentration, 0.63 mg/g), >40-55 cm (average concentration, 0.36 mg/g), >100-115 cm (average concentration, 0.29 mg/g), and >500-515 cm (average concentration, 0.26 mg/g). The results showed that oil spillage and losses were possibly the main sources of TPH in soil. The consequences concluded here suggested that counter measures such as remediation and long-term monitoring should be commenced in the near future, and effective measures should be taken to assure that the oilfields area would not be a threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Teng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China,
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