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Palermo G, Schouten WM, Alonso LL, Ulens C, Kool J, Slagboom J. Acetylcholine-Binding Protein Affinity Profiling of Neurotoxins in Snake Venoms with Parallel Toxin Identification. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16769. [PMID: 38069093 PMCID: PMC10706727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite is considered a concerning issue and a neglected tropical disease. Three-finger toxins (3FTxs) in snake venoms primarily cause neurotoxic effects since they have high affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Their small molecular size makes 3FTxs weakly immunogenic and therefore not appropriately targeted by current antivenoms. This study aims at presenting and applying an analytical method for investigating the therapeutic potential of the acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP), an efficient nAChR mimic that can capture 3FTxs, for alternative treatment of elapid snakebites. In this analytical methodology, snake venom toxins were separated and characterised using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and high-throughput venomics. By subsequent nanofractionation analytics, binding profiling of toxins to the AChBP was achieved with a post-column plate reader-based fluorescence-enhancement ligand displacement bioassay. The integrated method was established and applied to profiling venoms of six elapid snakes (Naja mossambica, Ophiophagus hannah, Dendroaspis polylepis, Naja kaouthia, Naja haje and Bungarus multicinctus). The methodology demonstrated that the AChBP is able to effectively bind long-chain 3FTxs with relatively high affinity, but has low or no binding affinity towards short-chain 3FTxs, and as such provides an efficient analytical platform to investigate binding affinity of 3FTxs to the AChBP and mutants thereof and to rapidly identify bound toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Palermo
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.P.); (W.M.S.); (L.L.A.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse M. Schouten
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.P.); (W.M.S.); (L.L.A.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Lago Alonso
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.P.); (W.M.S.); (L.L.A.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Ulens
- Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.P.); (W.M.S.); (L.L.A.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Slagboom
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (G.P.); (W.M.S.); (L.L.A.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Piguillem SV, Regiart M, Bertotti M, Raba J, Messina GA, Fernández-Baldo MA. Microfluidic fluorescence immunosensor using ZnONFs for invasive aspergillosis determination. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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Miniaturized liquid chromatography focusing on analytical columns and mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1103:11-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Gioiello A, Piccinno A, Lozza AM, Cerra B. The Medicinal Chemistry in the Era of Machines and Automation: Recent Advances in Continuous Flow Technology. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6624-6647. [PMID: 32049517 PMCID: PMC7997576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Medicinal
chemistry plays a fundamental and underlying role in
chemical biology, pharmacology, and medicine to discover safe and
efficacious drugs. Small molecule medicinal chemistry relies on iterative
learning cycles composed of compound design, synthesis, testing, and
data analysis to provide new chemical probes and lead compounds for
novel and druggable targets. Using traditional approaches, the time
from hypothesis to obtaining the results can be protracted, thus limiting
the number of compounds that can be advanced into clinical studies.
This challenge can be tackled with the recourse of enabling technologies
that are showing great potential in improving the drug discovery process.
In this Perspective, we highlight recent developments toward innovative
medicinal chemistry strategies based on continuous flow systems coupled
with automation and bioassays. After a discussion of the aims and
concepts, we describe equipment and representative examples of automated
flow systems and end-to-end prototypes realized to expedite medicinal
chemistry discovery cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Gioiello
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccinno
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lozza
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Cerra
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Nguyen HT, Marquis M, Anton M, Marze S. Studying the real-time interplay between triglyceride digestion and lipophilic micronutrient bioaccessibility using droplet microfluidics. 1 lab on a chip method. Food Chem 2019; 275:523-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Ramjee MK, Patel S. Continuous-flow injection microfluidic thrombin assays: The effect of binding kinetics on observed enzyme inhibition. Anal Biochem 2017; 528:38-46. [PMID: 28456636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic assay for monitoring the inhibition of thrombin peptidase activity was developed. The system, which utilised soluble reagents in continuous-flow injection mode, was configured so as to allow inhibitor titrations via gradient formation. This microfluidic continuous-flow injection titration assay (CFITA) enabled the potency of a set of small-molecule serine peptidase inhibitors (SPIs) to be evaluated. The results, compared to standard microtiter plate (MTP) data, indicated that a microfluidic CFITA provided an efficient and effective method for evaluating compound potency. Crucially, whereas for fast-acting compounds the rank order of potency between the CFITA and MTP methods was preserved, for slow-acting compounds the observed CFITA potencies were significantly lower. These results, in conjunction with data from computer simulations, clearly demonstrated that continuous-flow assays, and perhaps microfluidic assays in general, must take into account binding kinetics when used to assess reaction criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Ramjee
- Cyclofluidic Limited, BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City AL7 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Sital Patel
- Cyclofluidic Limited, BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
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8
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Ochoa A, Álvarez-Bohórquez E, Castillero E, Olguin LF. Detection of Enzyme Inhibitors in Crude Natural Extracts Using Droplet-Based Microfluidics Coupled to HPLC. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4889-4896. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Enrique Álvarez-Bohórquez
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Eduardo Castillero
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Luis F. Olguin
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica,
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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9
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Echterbille J, Gilles N, Araóz R, Mourier G, Amar M, Servent D, De Pauw E, Quinton L. Discovery and characterization of EII B, a new α-conotoxin from Conus ermineus venom by nAChRs affinity capture monitored by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Toxicon 2017; 130:1-10. [PMID: 28238803 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal toxins are peptides that often bind with remarkable affinity and selectivity to membrane receptors such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The latter are, for example, targeted by α-conotoxins, a family of peptide toxins produced by venomous cone snails. nAChRs are implicated in numerous physiological processes explaining why the design of new pharmacological tools and the discovery of potential innovative drugs targeting these receptor channels appear so important. This work describes a methodology developed to discover new ligands of nAChRs from complex mixtures of peptides. The methodology was set up by the incubation of Torpedo marmorata electrocyte membranes rich in nAChRs with BSA tryptic digests (>100 peptides) doped by small amounts of known nAChRs ligands (α-conotoxins). Peptides that bind to the receptors were purified and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry which revealed an enrichment of α-conotoxins in membrane-containing fractions. This result exhibits the binding of α-conotoxins to nAChRs. Negative controls were performed to demonstrate the specificity of the binding. The usefulness and the power of the methodology were also investigated for a discovery issue. The workflow was then applied to the screening of Conus ermineus crude venom, aiming at characterizing new nAChRs ligands from this venom, which has not been extensively investigated to date. The methodology validated our experiments by allowing us to bind two α-conotoxins (α-EI and α-EIIA) which have already been described as nAChRs ligands. Moreover, a new conotoxin, never described to date, was also captured, identified and sequenced from this venom. Classical pharmacology tests by radioligand binding using a synthetic homologue of the toxin confirm the activity of the new peptide, called α-EIIB. The Ki value of this peptide for Torpedo nicotinic receptors was measured at 2.2 ± 0.7 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Echterbille
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry- MolSys, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Gilles
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Romulo Araóz
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Mourier
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Muriel Amar
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denis Servent
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry- MolSys, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Loic Quinton
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry- MolSys, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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10
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Roark B, Tan JA, Ivanina A, Chandler M, Castaneda J, Kim HS, Jawahar S, Viard M, Talic S, Wustholz KL, Yingling YG, Jones M, Afonin KA. Fluorescence Blinking as an Output Signal for Biosensing. ACS Sens 2016; 1:1295-1300. [PMID: 30035233 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first biosensing strategy that relies on quantum dot (QD) fluorescence blinking to report the presence of a target molecule. Unlike other biosensors that utilize QDs, our method does not require the analyte to induce any fluorescence intensity or color changes, making it readily applicable to a wide range of target species. Instead, our approach relies on the understanding that blinking, a single particle phenomenon, is obscured when several QDs lie within the detection volume of a confocal microscope. If QDs are engineered to aggregate when they encounter a particular target molecule, the observation of quasi-continuous emission should indicate its presence. As proof of concept, we programmed DNAs to drive rapid isothermal assembly of QDs in the presence of a target strand (oncogene K-ras). The assemblies, confirmed by various gel techniques, contained multiple QDs and were readily distinguished from free QDs by the absence of blinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Roark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Jenna A. Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Anna Ivanina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Jose Castaneda
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Ho Shin Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Shriram Jawahar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Mathias Viard
- Basic
Science Program, Leidos Biomedical
Research, Inc., RNA Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Strahinja Talic
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Kristin L. Wustholz
- Department
of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Yaroslava G. Yingling
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7907, United States
| | - Marcus Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Nanoscale
Science Program and The Center
for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Boulevard, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Nanoscale
Science Program and The Center
for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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11
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Multiple on-line HPLC coupled with biochemical detection methods to evaluate bioactive compounds in Danshen injection. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1854-1860. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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12
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De-qiang L, Zhao J, Wu D, Shao-ping L. Discovery of active components in herbs using chromatographic separation coupled with online bioassay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1021:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Peng WB, Tan JL, Huang DD, Ding XP. On-Line HPLC with Biochemical Detection for Screening Bioactive Compounds in Complex Matrixes. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Parallel microscope-based fluorescence, absorbance and time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection for high performance liquid chromatography and determination of glucosamine in urine. Talanta 2015; 144:275-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Šesták J, Moravcová D, Kahle V. Instrument platforms for nano liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1421:2-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Iyer JK, Otvos RA, Kool J, Kini RM. Microfluidic Chip–Based Online Screening Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:212-20. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057115602648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin and factor Xa (FXa) are critical enzymes of the blood coagulation cascade and are excellent targets of anticoagulant agents. Natural sources present an array of anticoagulants that can be developed as antithrombotic drugs. High-resolution, online screening techniques have been developed for the identification of drug leads from complex mixtures. In this study, we have developed and optimized a microfluidic online screening technique coupled to nano–liquid chromatography (LC) and in parallel with a mass spectrometer for the identification of thrombin and FXa inhibitors in mixtures. Inhibitors eluting from the nano-LC were split postcolumn in a 1:1 ratio; half was fed into a mass spectrometer (where its mass is detected), and the other half was fed into a microfluidic chip (which acts as a microreactor for the online assays). With our platform, thrombin and FXa inhibitors were detected in the assay in parallel with their mass identification. These methods are suitable for the identification of inhibitors from sample amounts as low as sub-microliter volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reka A. Otvos
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R. Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Otvos RA, Krishnamoorthy Iyer J, van Elk R, Ulens C, Niessen WMA, Somsen GW, Kini RM, Smit AB, Kool J. Development of Plate Reader and On-Line Microfluidic Screening to Identify Ligands of the 5-Hydroxytryptamine Binding Protein in Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2336-53. [PMID: 26114334 PMCID: PMC4516916 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7072336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-HT3 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, which is expressed in the nervous system. Its antagonists are used clinically for treatment of postoperative- and radiotherapy-induced emesis and irritable bowel syndrome. In order to better understand the structure and function of the 5-HT3 receptor, and to allow for compound screening at this receptor, recently a serotonin binding protein (5HTBP) was engineered with the Acetylcholine Binding Protein as template. In this study, a fluorescence enhancement assay for 5HTBP ligands was developed in plate-reader format and subsequently used in an on-line microfluidic format. Both assay types were validated using an existing radioligand binding assay. The on-line microfluidic assay was coupled to HPLC via a post-column split which allowed parallel coupling to a mass spectrometer to collect MS data. This high-resolution screening (HRS) system is well suitable for compound mixture analysis. As a proof of principle, the venoms of Dendroapsis polylepis, Pseudonaja affinis and Pseudonaja inframacula snakes were screened and the accurate masses of the found bioactives were established. To demonstrate the subsequent workflow towards structural identification of bioactive proteins and peptides, the partial amino acid sequence of one of the bioactives from the Pseudonaja affinis venom was determined using a bottom-up proteomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka A. Otvos
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (R.A.O.); (W.M.A.N.); (G.W.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (R.E.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Janaki Krishnamoorthy Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; E-Mails: (J.K.I.); (R.M.K.)
| | - René van Elk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (R.E.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Chris Ulens
- Laboratory of Structural Neurobiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, PB 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; E-Mail:
| | - Wilfried M. A. Niessen
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (R.A.O.); (W.M.A.N.); (G.W.S.)
- Hyphen MassSpec, de Wetstraat 8, 2332 XT Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (R.A.O.); (W.M.A.N.); (G.W.S.)
| | - R. Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; E-Mails: (J.K.I.); (R.M.K.)
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (R.E.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Jeroen Kool
- AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (R.A.O.); (W.M.A.N.); (G.W.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +31-20-5987542; Fax: +31-20-5987543
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18
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Prikryl J, Foret F. Fluorescence detector for capillary separations fabricated by 3D printing. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11951-6. [PMID: 25427247 DOI: 10.1021/ac503678n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple inexpensive light-emitting diode (LED)-based fluorescence detector for detection in capillary separations is described. The modular design includes a separate high power LED source, detector head, designed in the epifluorescence arrangement, and capillary detection cells. The detector head and detection cells were printed using a 3D printer and assembled with commercially available optical components. Optical fibers were used for connecting the detector head to the LED excitation source and the photodetector module. Microscope objective or high numerical aperture optical fiber were used for collection of the fluorescence emission from the fused silica separation capillary. As an example, mixture of oligosaccharides labeled by 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (APTS) was separated by capillary zone electrophoresis and detected by the described detector. The performance of the detector was compared with both a semiconductor photodiode and photomultiplier as light sensing elements. The main advantages of the 3D printed parts, compared to the more expensive alternatives from the optic component suppliers, include not only cost reduction, but also easy customization of the spatial arrangement, modularity, miniaturization, and sharing of information between laboratories for easy replication or further modifications of the detector. All information and files necessary for printing the presented detector are enclosed in the Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prikryl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry AS CR, v. v. i. , 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
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Wang HS, Wang C, He YK, Xiao FN, Bao WJ, Xia XH, Zhou GJ. Core-shell Ag@SiO(2) nanoparticles concentrated on a micro/nanofluidic device for surface plasmon resonance-enhanced fluorescent detection of highly reactive oxygen species. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3013-9. [PMID: 24555759 DOI: 10.1021/ac4037075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A micro/nanofluidic device integrating a nanochannel in a microfluidic chip was developed for sensitive fluorescent determination of highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) enhanced by surface plasmon resonance-enhanced fluorescence (SPREF). The nanochannel was simply fabricated by polyaniline nanostructures modified on a glass slide. Core-shell Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles were concentrated in front of the nanochannel for fluorescence enhancement based on the SPREF effect. As a demonstration, hROS in the mainstream of cigarette smoke (CS) were detected by the present micro/nanofluidic device. The fluorescent probe for trapping hROS in puffs of CS employed a microcolumn that was loaded with a composite of DNA (conjugated fluorophores, FAM) and Au membrane (coated on cellulose acetate). With a laser-induced fluorescence detection device, hROS was determined on the basis of the amount of FAM groups generated by DNA cleavage. With the optimization of the trapping efficiency, we detected about 4.91 pmol of hROS/puff in the mainstream CS. This micro/nanofluidic-SPREF system promises a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive approach for determination of hROS in CS and other practical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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Miniaturized bioaffinity assessment coupled to mass spectrometry for guided purification of bioactives from toad and cone snail. BIOLOGY 2014; 3:139-56. [PMID: 24833338 PMCID: PMC4009767 DOI: 10.3390/biology3010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A nano-flow high-resolution screening platform, featuring a parallel chip-based microfluidic bioassay and mass spectrometry coupled to nano-liquid chromatography, was applied to screen animal venoms for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor like (nAChR) affinity by using the acetylcholine binding protein, a mimic of the nAChR. The potential of this microfluidic platform is demonstrated by profiling the Conus textile venom proteome, consisting of over 1,000 peptides. Within one analysis (<90 min, 500 ng venom injected), ligands are detected and identified. To show applicability for non-peptides, small molecular ligands such as steroidal ligands were identified in skin secretions from two toad species (Bufo alvarius and Bufo marinus). Bioactives from the toad samples were subsequently isolated by MS-guided fractionation. The fractions analyzed by NMR and a radioligand binding assay with α7-nAChR confirmed the identity and bioactivity of several new ligands.
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Otvos RA, Heus F, Vonk FJ, Halff J, Bruyneel B, Paliukhovich I, Smit AB, Niessen WM, Kool J. Analytical workflow for rapid screening and purification of bioactives from venom proteomes. Toxicon 2013; 76:270-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Gama MR, Collins CH, Bottoli CBG. Nano-Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 51:694-703. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Potterat O, Hamburger M. Concepts and technologies for tracking bioactive compounds in natural product extracts: generation of libraries, and hyphenation of analytical processes with bioassays. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:546-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Heus F, Vonk F, Otvos RA, Bruyneel B, Smit AB, Lingeman H, Richardson M, Niessen WM, Kool J. An efficient analytical platform for on-line microfluidic profiling of neuroactive snake venoms towards nicotinic receptor affinity. Toxicon 2013; 61:112-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Weller MG. A unifying review of bioassay-guided fractionation, effect-directed analysis and related techniques. SENSORS 2012; 12:9181-209. [PMID: 23012539 PMCID: PMC3444097 DOI: 10.3390/s120709181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The success of modern methods in analytical chemistry sometimes obscures the problem that the ever increasing amount of analytical data does not necessarily give more insight of practical relevance. As alternative approaches, toxicity- and bioactivity-based assays can deliver valuable information about biological effects of complex materials in humans, other species or even ecosystems. However, the observed effects often cannot be clearly assigned to specific chemical compounds. In these cases, the establishment of an unambiguous cause-effect relationship is not possible. Effect-directed analysis tries to interconnect instrumental analytical techniques with a biological/biochemical entity, which identifies or isolates substances of biological relevance. Successful application has been demonstrated in many fields, either as proof-of-principle studies or even for complex samples. This review discusses the different approaches, advantages and limitations and finally shows some practical examples. The broad emergence of effect-directed analytical concepts might lead to a true paradigm shift in analytical chemistry, away from ever growing lists of chemical compounds. The connection of biological effects with the identification and quantification of molecular entities leads to relevant answers to many real life questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Weller
- Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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On-line electrochemistry-bioaffinity screening with parallel HR-LC-MS for the generation and characterization of modified p38α kinase inhibitors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:367-75. [PMID: 22227812 PMCID: PMC3314180 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an integrated approach is developed for the formation, identification and biological characterization of electrochemical conversion products of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. This work demonstrates the hyphenation of an electrochemical reaction cell with a continuous-flow bioaffinity assay and parallel LC-HR-MS. Competition of the formed products with a tracer (SKF-86002) that shows fluorescence enhancement in the orthosteric binding site of the p38α kinase is the readout for bioaffinity. Parallel HR-MSn experiments provided information on the identity of binders and non-binders. Finally, the data produced with this on-line system were compared to electrochemical conversion products generated off-line. The electrochemical conversion of 1-{6-chloro-5-[(2R,5S)-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl]-3aH-indol-3-yl}-2-morpholinoethane-1,2-dione resulted in eight products, three of which showed bioaffinity in the continuous-flow p38α bioaffinity assay used. Electrochemical conversion of BIRB796 resulted, amongst others, in the formation of the reactive quinoneimine structure and its corresponding hydroquinone. Both products were detected in the p38α bioaffinity assay, which indicates binding to the p38α kinase.
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