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OUYANG Y, YI L, QIU L, ZHANG Z. [Advances in heparin structural analysis by chromatography technologies]. Se Pu 2023; 41:107-121. [PMID: 36725707 PMCID: PMC9892979 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.07020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin (Hp) is the most widely used anticoagulant drug in the clinics, with an annual global output of over 10 billion dollars. Hp, a member of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is prepared from porcine intestinal mucosa via extraction, separation, and purification. Hp is a linear polysaccharide with repeating disaccharide units. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are depolymerized from Hp via chemical or enzymatic degradation. Compared with Hp, LMWHs exhibit less bleeding side effect, milder immunogenicity, and higher bioavailability when injected subcutaneously. In general, Hps, including LMWHs, are high complex drugs with large molecular weights (MWs), inhomogeneous MW distributions, and structural heterogeneity, including different degrees and locations of sulfonation, and unique residues generated from different production processes. Thus, developing efficient analytical methods to elucidate the structures of Hps and characterize or quantitate their properties is extremely challenging. Unfortunately, this problem limits their quality control, production optimization, clinical safety monitoring, and new applications. Research has constantly sought to elucidate the complicated structures of Hp drugs. Among the structural analysis and quality control methods of Hp currently available, chromatographic methods are the most widely studied and used. However, no literature thoroughly summarizes the specific applications of chromatographic methods in the structural analysis, manufacturing process, and quality control of Hp drugs. This paper systematically organizes and describes recent research progresses of the chromatographic methods used to analyze Hp drugs, including the identification and composition of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. The applications, innovations, and limitations of these chromatographic methods are also summarized in this review. The insights obtained in this study will help production and quality control personnel, as well as drug researchers, obtain a deeper understanding of the complex structures of Hp drugs. This paper also provides a comprehensive reference for the structural analysis and quality control of Hps, proposes ideas for the development of new quality control methods, and lays a strong foundation for the in-depth structural elucidation of Hp drugs.
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Ouyang Y, Zeng Y, Rong Y, Song Y, Shi L, Chen B, Yang X, Xu N, Linhardt RJ, Zhang Z. Profiling Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Heparins by Multiple Heart-Cutting Two Dimensional Chromatography with Quadruple Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Ouyang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Yangyang Zeng
- Shanghai Green-Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201200, China
| | - Yinxiu Rong
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Yue Song
- Agilent Technology (China) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201008, China
| | - Lv Shi
- Shanghai Green-Valley Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201200, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Agilent Technology (China) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201008, China
| | - Xinlei Yang
- Agilent Technology (China) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201008, China
| | - Naiyu Xu
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New
York 12180, United States
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases
and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
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Harris LF, Rainey P, Castro-López V, O'Donnell JS, Killard AJ. A microfluidic anti-Factor Xa assay device for point of care monitoring of anticoagulation therapy. Analyst 2013; 138:4769-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00401e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Comparison of the anticoagulant response of a novel fluorogenic anti-FXa assay with two commercial anti-FXa chromogenic assays. Thromb Res 2011; 128:e166-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Castro-López V, Harris LF, O’Donnell JS, Killard AJ. Quantification of unfractionated heparin in human plasma and whole blood by means of novel fluorogenic anti-FXa assays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:992-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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