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Rezaei F, Tajik H, Shahbazi Y. Intelligent double-layer polymers based on carboxymethyl cellulose-cellulose nanocrystals film and poly(lactic acid)-Viola odorata petal anthocyanins nanofibers to monitor food freshness. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126512. [PMID: 37633548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of fabricating smart bilayer polymers based on carboxymethyl cellulose-cellulose nanocrystals film and poly(lactic acid)-Viola odorata extract nanofibers (CMC-CNC and PLA-VOE) for freshness monitoring of Pacific white shrimps, minced lamb meat, chicken fillets, and rainbow trout fillets, during refrigerated storage conditions. The fabricated indicators based on CMC-PLA-VOE 5%, CMC-CNC 1%-PLA-VOE 5%, and CMC-CNC 3%-PLA-VOE 5% presented remarkable color changes in pH 1-12 buffer solutions, including red at pH 1-6, violet at pH 7-8, green at pH 9-10, and brown at pH 11-12. Significantly lower water vapor permeability and oxygen transmission rate of prepared polymers were found in comparison with the control groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the monitoring of food samples in real-time, the samples spoiled after 3 days, evidenced by total viable count, psychrotrophic bacterial count, total volatile basic nitrogen, and pH values of 7.17-7.54 log CFU/g, 5.68-6.23 log CFU/g, 25.14-28.12 mg N/100 g, and 7.10-7.66, respectively. Meanwhile, the noticeable color change of prepared indicators from white to violet (day 3) and finally dark violet (day 7) was observed, indicating a potential application in intelligent packaging for real-time control of the freshness of perishable food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Tajik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yasser Shahbazi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Nikmanesh A, Baghaei H, Mohammadi Nafchi A. Development and Characterization of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Films Based on Potato Starch Incorporating Viola odorata Extract to Improve the Oxidative and Microbiological Quality of Chicken Fillets during Refrigerated Storage. Foods 2023; 12:2955. [PMID: 37569224 PMCID: PMC10418992 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of active films based on potato starch containing Viola odorata extract (VOE) were investigated both in vitro and in chicken fillets. The VOE was added to the starch film formulation at 0, 1, 2, and 3% (w/v). The results showed that by increasing the extract level, the total phenol content and antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the films against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium improved remarkably. The results of the meat tests indicated the significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of active films containing different levels of VOE in chicken fillets, and a direct relationship was observed between the concentration of the extract and the functional activity of the films, so with the increase in the concentration of the extract in the films, the rate of lipid oxidation and growth of microorganisms in the chicken fillets decreased significantly during the storage period, and less volatile nitrogen bases, metmyoglobin, and oxidation products were produced in the fillets. In general, the results of this research demonstrated that an active film based on potato starch containing VOE (especially 2 and 3% levels) has the ability to extend the oxidative and microbiological shelf life of chicken fillets during cold storage for at least eight days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nikmanesh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran;
| | - Homa Baghaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran;
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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Adel Mehraban MS, Shirzad M, Mohammad Taghizadeh Kashani L, Ahmadian-Attari MM, Safari AA, Ansari N, Hatami H, Kamalinejad M. Efficacy and safety of add-on Viola odorata L. in the treatment of COVID-19: A randomized double-blind controlled trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116058. [PMID: 36535329 PMCID: PMC9757886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) due to the novel coronavirus has become the highest priority that threatens human health. This situation demands widespread vaccination and the innovation of new therapeutic methods. Despite drug discoveries, the need for approving new medicaments is felt because of adverse effects and lack of efficacy. Several medicinal plants including Viola odorata L. are recommended in traditional Persian medicine for alleviating respiratory infection symptoms. Recent studies showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-asthmatic, antitussive, analgesic, and antibacterial activities of sweet violet. These enhance respiratory functions, reduce pulmonary inflammation, and decline mucous membrane edema. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sweet violet syrup in alleviating the manifestations of COVID-19 infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomized parallel-group double-blind controlled trial was conducted at Al-Zahra general hospital, Isfahan, Iran. A total of 108 outpatients were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to intervention and placebo groups, with 54 patients in each group. The allocation was concealed using sealed opaque envelopes. The intervention group received violet syrup and the control group received placebo syrup, an add-on to the conventional treatment. The outcomes were COVID-19 manifestations, such as dyspnea, cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea, considered as outcomes of the study and were evaluated twice using a visual analog scale before the intervention and after 7 days, at the end of the study. Patients were followed daily by phone calls to monitor proper drug consumption and possible side effects. RESULTS No significant difference was between groups regarding demographic characteristics and vital signs before and after the treatment. Although all symptoms have improved significantly in both groups, patients who received violet syrup recovered faster and the mean severity scores of cough (P = 0.025), myalgia (P = 0.036), headache (P = 0.037), and diarrhea (P = 0.044) decreased greater in comparison to control group. CONCLUSION This study, the first clinical trial on the effectiveness of Viola odorata on SARS-CoV-2 patients, showed that Viola odorata L. effectively controls prevalent manifestations of COVID-19 including cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea. Regarding this survey, the violet syrup can be mentioned as a complementary treatment for viral influenza-like infections in which cough, myalgia, headache, and diarrhea are prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Adel Mehraban
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Traditional Persian Medicine and Complementary Medicine (PerCoMed) Student Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Meysam Shirzad
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadian-Attari
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Safari
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Narges Ansari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hatami
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pisanti S, Mencherini T, Esposito T, D'Amato V, Re T, Bifulco M, Aquino RP. The medieval skincare routine according to the formulations of Madgistra Trotula and the Medical School of Salerno and its reflection on cosmetology of the third millennium. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:542-554. [PMID: 35822229 PMCID: PMC10087853 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Officinal plants, minerals, animal derivatives, and miscellaneous have always been used to treat and improve appearance despite the different aesthetic canons of a specific historical and cultural context. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to make a critical comparison between medieval and modern dermocosmetics analyzing the works of Trotula de Ruggiero, a female doctor of the 11th century teaching and working inside the illustrious "Medical School of Salerno," who devoted particular attention to the promotion of female care, beauty, and well-being. METHODS We applied the historical-critical method analyzing the Latin text and the nglish translation of the standardized corpus of the main Trotula medieval manuscript De Ornatu Mulierum with a multidisciplinary scientific approach ranging from botany to pharmaceutical chemistry and technology, pharmacology and pathology. RESULTS We identified the medicinal plants, derivatives of animal origin and minerals used in the recipes of Trotula, highlighting their biological properties in the light of current scientific knowledge. A critical comparison between medieval and modern dermocosmetics is reported also taking into consideration the chemical, pharmaceutical, and technological literature. CONCLUSION Beyond the obvious changes in the paradigms of cosmetology and the different beauty canons of Middle Age with respect to modern times, our results emphasize the attention of Trotula to female care, beauty and well-being as well as the extraordinary combination of tradition and modernity in her work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana', University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Esposito
- UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Amato
- UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Tania Re
- UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,UNESCO Chair "Health Anthropology, Biosphere and Healing systems" University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rita P Aquino
- UNESCO Chair Salerno, Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Zhang Q, Wang Q, Chen S. A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of plants from the genus Viola. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:1-32. [PMID: 35866842 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The genus Viola belongs to the family Violaceae, and the plants from this genus are essential folk herb medicine extensively used in many areas. The plants from the genus Viola are used to treat various diseases and exert a significant role in protecting people's health. This review summarized the genus Viola plants' phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control methods. KEY FINDINGS The information on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the genus Viola was obtained by searching the Web of Science, Pubmed, CNKI, and other databases. A total of 208 valuable articles were selected and analyzed in this review. The main chemical components of plants from the genus Viola consist of flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, lignans, sesquiterpenes, cyclotides, etc. The active chemical components of medicinal plants from this genus exert antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective activities, and so on. The quality control of these plants is not sufficient and needs further research. SUMMARY The chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and quality control of plants from the genus Viola were systematically summarized in this paper, and this review provides a literature basis for the further research of plants from this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Suiqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Motti R, Paura B, Cozzolino A, de Falco B. Edible Flowers Used in Some Countries of the Mediterranean Basin: An Ethnobotanical Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233272. [PMID: 36501312 PMCID: PMC9736219 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Edible flowers are becoming an essential component of people's nutrition in the Mediterranean basin. In the last decades, many researchers also have focused their attention on the nutritional composition of the edible flowers, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, including studies on their safety issues. Despite the growing interest in the use of flowers in human nutrition, the ethnobotanical literature is lacking coverage of some important issues, particularly those which concern the use of flowers in the folk tradition. Only recently, a review regarding the contribution of 32 edible flowers to the Mediterranean diet was published. The aim of the present review is to document the plant lore regarding the wild and cultivated edible flowers consumed in the Mediterranean basin. Based on the 112 studies reviewed, we documented 251 taxa as being used in the Mediterranean basin as edible flowers. The plant species belong to 45 families and 141 genera. Asteraceae (54 taxa) is the most frequently cited family. Sambucus nigra L. is the most cited species. This study can be the basis for future research on the supposed bioactivity and toxicity of wild and cultivated flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Motti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100 Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Bruno Paura
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessia Cozzolino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100 Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruna de Falco
- Spanish Bank of Algae, Marine Biotechnology Center, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain
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Polyphenolic Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities Revealed the Quality and Adaptive Behavior of Viola Species, a Dietary Spice in the Himalayas. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123867. [PMID: 35744989 PMCID: PMC9230710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Himalayan Viola species (Banksha) are traditionally important herbs with versatile therapeutic benefits such as antitussive, analgesic, antipyretic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancerous ones. The current investigation was focused on exploring polyphenolic profiles, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potentials of wild viola species at 15 gradient locations (375–1829 m). Methods: Morphological, physiochemical, and proximate analyses were carried out as per WHO guidelines for plant drug standardization. Total polyphenolic and flavonoid content were carried out using gallic acid and rutin equivalent. UPLC-DAD was used to profile the targeted polyphenols (gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, quercetin, luteolin, caffeic acid, and epicatechin). Similarly, all samples were screened for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Statistical analysis was used to correlate polyphenolic and targeted activities to assess Viola species adaptation behavior patterns. Results: Viola canescens (V. canescens) and Viola pilosa (V. pilosa) were found abundantly at their respective sites. Among flowers and leaves, flowers of V. canescens and V. pilosa showed higher total polyphenolic and flavonoid content (51.4 ± 1.13 mg GAE/g and 65.05 ± 0.85 mg RE/g, and 33.26 ± 0.62 mg GAE/g and 36.10 ± 1.41 mg RE/g, respectively). Furthermore, UPLC-DAD showed the uppermost content of p-coumaric acid in flowers and ferulic acid in leaves, while rutin was significant in both the tissues. Conclusions: The adaptive behavior of Viola species showed variability in morphological characters with the altitudes, while targeted polyphenols and activities were significant at mid-altitudes. This research helps in the selection of right chemotype for agrotechnological interventions and the development of nutraceutical products.
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Zawiślak A, Francik R, Francik S, Knapczyk A. Impact of Drying Conditions on Antioxidant Activity of Red Clover ( Trifolium pratense), Sweet Violet ( Viola odorata) and Elderberry Flowers ( Sambucus nigra). MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093317. [PMID: 35591648 PMCID: PMC9105381 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flowers of red clover (Trifolium pratense), sweet violet (Viola odorata) and elderflowers (Sambucus nigra) were dried by means of air drying at 30 °C and 50 °C and by freeze drying. The content of polyphenols was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, while anthocyanins were quantified by the pH differential method. Antioxidant activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the dried flowers were measured by the DPPH and ABTS assays, as well as FRAP and reducing power methods. The highest amount of polyphenols was determined in the ethanolic extracts of fresh red clover flowers (854.76 mg/100 g), while the highest concentration of anthocyanins was determined in the aqueous extracts of fresh sweet violet flowers (99.41 mg/100 g). The results showed that, in general, the extracts of red clover flower were characterized by the highest antioxidant activity, while the sweet violet extracts had the poorest antioxidant properties, although these values fluctuated depending on the method used. There was strong correlation between antioxidant activity and TPC (r = 0.9196, FRAP method). In most cases, freeze drying was found to be the best conservation method, retaining well the antioxidant properties of the tested flowers and the compounds determining these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zawiślak
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Food, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Renata Francik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Institute of Health, State Higher Vocational School, Staszica 1, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Francik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Energetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (S.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Adrian Knapczyk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Energetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (S.F.); (A.K.)
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Secondary or Specialized Metabolites, or Natural Products: A Case Study of Untargeted LC–QTOF Auto-MS/MS Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061025. [PMID: 35326473 PMCID: PMC8963255 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The large structural diversity of specialized metabolites represents a substantial challenge in untargeted metabolomics. Modern LC–QTOF instruments can provide three- to four-digit numbers of auto-MS/MS spectra from sample sets. This case study utilizes twelve structurally closely related flavonol glycosides, characteristic specialized metabolites of plant tissues, some of them isomeric and isobaric, to illustrate the possibilities and limitations of their identification. This process requires specific software tools that perform peak picking and feature alignment after spectral deconvolution and facilitate molecular structure base searching with subsequent in silico fragmentation to obtain initial ideas about possible structures. The final assignment of a putative identification, so long as spectral databases are not complete enough, requires structure searches in a chemical reference database, such as SciFindern, in attempts to obtain additional information about specific product ions of a metabolite candidate or check its feasibility. The highlighted problems in this process not only apply to specialized metabolites in plants but to those occurring in other organisms as well. This case study is aimed at providing guidelines for all researchers who obtain data from such analyses but are interested in deeper information than just Venn diagrams of the feature distribution in their sample groups.
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Khatib M, Pouzet C, Lafitte C, Chervin J, Bonzon-Ponnet V, Jauneau A, Esquerré-Tugayé MT. Phenolic profile of a Parma violet unveiled by chemical and fluorescence imaging. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab041. [PMID: 34316339 PMCID: PMC8300547 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of phenolic compounds to autofluoresce upon illumination by UV or blue light was exploited to explore the nature and distribution of these metabolites within the flower petals, leaves and roots of the violet, Viola alba subsp. dehnhardtii. This was achieved through a dual complementary approach that combined fluorescence microscopy imaging of living intact tissues and chemical extraction of pulverized material. The blue to red fluorescence displayed by living tissues upon illumination was indicative of their richness in phenolic compounds. Phenolic acids were found in all tissues, while flavonoids characterized the aerial part of the plant, anthocyanidins being restricted to the petals. The chemical quantification of phenolics in plant extracts confirmed their tissue-specific distribution and abundance. A key finding was that the spectral signatures obtained through confocal microscopy of endogenous fluorophores in living tissues and their counterpart extracts share the same fluorescence patterns, pointing out the potential of fluorescence imaging of intact organs for a proper estimation of their phenolic content. In addition, this study highlighted a few distinct morphology cell types, in particular foliar-glandular-like structures, and jagged petal cell walls. Altogether, these data provide a comprehensive histochemical localization of phenolics in living tissues of a violet. Converting fluorescence imaging into a chemical imprint indicated that one can rely on fluorescence microscopy of intact living tissues as a rapid, non-destructive means to follow their phenolic imprint under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Khatib
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Pouzet
- Plateforme Imagerie FRAIB-TRI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Claude Lafitte
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Justine Chervin
- Plateforme MetaToul-AgromiX, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Alain Jauneau
- Plateforme Imagerie FRAIB-TRI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Aslani A, Asghari G, Darani HY, Ghanadian M, Hosseini F. Design, Formulation, and Physicochemical Evaluation of Vaginal Cream Containing Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Viola odorata, and Mentha piperita extracts for Prevention and Treatment of Trichomoniasis. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:179. [PMID: 32133097 PMCID: PMC6826777 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_525_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease that is caused by infection with protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of this infection. In this study, design, formulation, and physicochemical evaluation of vaginal cream containing Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Viola odorata, and Mentha piperita extracts for the prevention and treatment of trichomoniasis has been investigated. Methods: Ethyl acetate extract of E. camaldulensis leaves, water fraction of V. odorata root, and hydroalcoholic extract of M. piperita leaves was prepared and used for anti-trichomonas experiments. Then, based on results, different formulations of vaginal cream containing mixed extracts were prepared and physicochemical evaluation was conducted. In the next step, anti-trichomonas effect of selective formulation was tested in vitro. Results: The mixed concentrates containing 2.5 mg/ml E. camaldulensis, 0.06 mg/ml V. odorata, and 1 mg/ml M. piperita showed 100% growth inhibition (GI) during 24 h. Furthermore, the mixture containing 1.25 mg/ml E. camaldulensis, 0.03 mg/ml V. odorata, and 0.5 mg/ml M. piperita showed 92% GI in the first 24 h. The selective formulation passed all of physicochemical test and also showed 100% GI for in vitro anti-trichomonas experiments in the first 24 h. Conclusions: The mixed concentrates containing 2.5 mg/ml E. camaldulensis, 0.06 mg/ml of V. odorata, and 1 mg/ml of M. piperita are the mixture which showed the highest percentage of GI (100%) after 24 h. The selective formulation of vaginal cream containing this mixture of extracts was detected 100% GI in the first 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Aslani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golamreza Asghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yosofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fateme Hosseini
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Jamshed H, Siddiqi HS, Gilani A, Arslan J, Qasim M, Gul B. Studies on antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and vasculoprotective potential of
Viola odorata
and
Wrightia tinctoria. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2310-2318. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Jamshed
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesAga Khan University Medical College Karachi Pakistan
| | - Hasan Salman Siddiqi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesAga Khan University Medical College Karachi Pakistan
| | - Anwar‐ul‐Hassan Gilani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesAga Khan University Medical College Karachi Pakistan
- Office of the Vice ChancellorThe University of Haripur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Arslan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesAga Khan University Medical College Karachi Pakistan
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte UtilizationUniversity of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte UtilizationUniversity of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
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Mahboubi M, Taghizadeh Kashani LM. A Narrative study about the role of Viola odorata as traditional medicinal plant in management of respiratory problems. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chemical composition of the edible flowers, pansy (Viola wittrockiana) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) as new sources of bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2018; 252:373-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the GenusViola. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1777-808. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Edible flowers of Viola tricolor L. as a new functional food: Antioxidant activity, individual phenolics and effects of gamma and electron-beam irradiation. Food Chem 2015; 179:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Chandra D, Kohli G, Prasad K, Bisht G, Punetha VD, Khetwal K, Devrani MK, Pandey H. Phytochemical and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Family Violaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/crc.2015.44.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Erdogan Orhan I, Senol FS, Aslan Erdem S, Tatli II, Kartal M, Alp S. Tyrosinase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potential and Flavonoid Characterization of Viola odorata
L. (Sweet Violet). Phytother Res 2015; 29:1304-1310. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; 06330 Ankara Turkey
| | - Fatma Sezer Senol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Gazi University; 06330 Ankara Turkey
| | - Sinem Aslan Erdem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Ankara University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - I. Irem Tatli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy; Hacettepe University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | - Murat Kartal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Ankara University; 06100 Ankara Turkey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Center of Phytotherapy Education, Research and Practice; Bezmialem Vakif University; 34093 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sevket Alp
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture; Yuzuncu Yıl University; 65080 Van Turkey
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Qasemzadeh MJ, Sharifi H, Hamedanian M, Gharehbeglou M, Heydari M, Sardari M, Akhlaghdoust M, Minae MB. The Effect of Viola odorata Flower Syrup on the Cough of Children With Asthma: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 20:287-91. [PMID: 25954025 DOI: 10.1177/2156587215584862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of violet syrup on cough alleviation in children with intermittent asthma. In a parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 182 children aged 2 to 12 years with intermittent asthma were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive violet syrup or placebo along with the common standard treatments in both groups (short-acting β-agonist). Both groups were evaluated in terms of the duration until cough suppression was achieved. No significant difference was observed in basic characteristics. The duration lasting to yield more than 50% cough reduction and 100% cough suppression was significantly less in the violet syrup group compared to placebo (P = .001, P < .001, respectively). There was no significant difference in therapeutic effects between boys and girls. There was a significant inverse correlation between the age of children and rate of cough alleviation and suppression by violet syrup. This study showed that the adjuvant use of violet syrup with short-acting β-agonist can enhance the cough suppression in children with intermittent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosein Sharifi
- Persian Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sardari
- Persian Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Akhlaghdoust
- Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Center of Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Minae
- Persian Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mao KJ, Huang P, Li FQ, Li X, Chen JW. Simultaneous Determination of 10 Active Components in Hulisan Tablets by a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic-Diode Array Detector. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1449-54. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Zhu L, Yang X, Tan J, Wang B, Zhang X. A validated high performance liquid chromatograph-photodiode array method for simultaneous determination of 10 bioactive components in compound hongdoushan capsule. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:83-8. [PMID: 24696551 PMCID: PMC3969665 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The compound Hongdoushan capsule (CHC) is widely known as compound herbal preparation and is often used to treat ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and to enhance the body immunity, etc., in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To determine simultaneously 10 bioactive components from CHC, namely glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, baccatin III, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, cephalomannine, taxol, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, and ginsenoside Rb1. MATERIALS AND METHODS A high performance liquid chromatograph method coupled with photodiode array detector was developed and validated for the 1(st) time. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a SHIMADZU C18 by utilizing a gradient elution program. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (A)-water (B) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. RESULTS The calibration curve was linear over the investigated concentration ranges with the values of r (2) higher than 0.9993 for all the 10 bioactive components. The average recovery rates range from 98.4% to 100.5% with relative standard deviations ≤2.9%. The developed method was successfully applied to analyze 10 compounds in six CHC samples from different batches. In addition, the herbal sources of 32 chromatographic peaks were identified through comparative studying on chromatograms of standard, the respective extracts of Hongdoushan, RenShen, GanCao, and CHC. CONCLUSION All the results imply that the accurate and reproducible method developed has high separation rate and enables the determination of 10 bioactive components in a single run for the quality control of CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
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