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Bayatloo MR, Tabani H, Nojavan S, Alexovič M, Ozkan SA. Liquid-Phase Microextraction Approaches for Preconcentration and Analysis of Chiral Compounds: A Review on Current Advances. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1623-1637. [PMID: 35175878 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2038072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a critical issue in pharmaceutics, forensic chemistry, therapeutic drug monitoring, doping control, toxicology, or environmental investigations as enantiomers of a chiral compound can exhibit different activities, i.e., one enantiomer can have the desired effect while the other one can be inactive or even toxic. To monitor enantioselective metabolism or toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic mechanisms in extremely low content in biological or environmental matrices, sample preparation is vital. The present review describes current status of development of liquid-phase microextraction approaches such as hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), electromembrane extraction (EME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), and supramolecular solvent-based microextraction (SSME), used for sample preparation of enantiomers/chiral compounds. The advantages and limitations of the above techniques are discussed. Attention is also focused on chiral separation approaches commonly applied to study the stereo-selective metabolism or toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic mechanisms of enantiomers in the biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Bayatloo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Tabani
- Department of Environmental Geology, Research Institute of Applied Sciences (ACECR), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sun WH, Wei Y, Guo XL, Wu Q, Di X, Fang Q. Nanoliter-Scale Droplet-Droplet Microfluidic Microextraction Coupled with MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite Analysis of Cell Droplets. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8759-8767. [PMID: 32496763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The further miniaturization of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) systems has important significance and major challenges for microscale sample analysis. Herein, we developed a rapid and flexible droplet-droplet microfluidic microextraction approach to perform nanoliter-scale miniaturized sample pretreatment, by combining droplet-based microfluidics, robotic liquid handling, and LPME techniques. Differing from the previous microextraction methods, both the extractant and sample volumes were decreased from the microliter scale or even milliliter scale to the nanoliter scale. We utilized the ability of a liquid-handling robot to manipulate nanoliter-scale droplets and micrometer-scale positioning to overcome the scaling effect difficulties in performing liquid-liquid extraction of nanoliter-volume samples in microsystems. Two microextraction modes, droplet-in-droplet microfluidic microextraction and droplet-on-droplet microfluidic microextraction, were developed according to the different solubility properties of the extractants. Various factors affecting the microextraction process were investigated, including the extraction time, recovery method of the extractant droplet, static and dynamic extraction mode, and cross-contamination. To demonstrate the validity and adaptability of the pretreatment and analysis of droplet samples with complex matrices, the present microextraction system coupled with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) detection was applied to the quantitative determination of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxylcamptothecin (SN-38), an active metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan, in 800-nL droplets containing HepG2 cells. A linear relationship (y = 0.0305x + 0.376, R2 = 0.984) was obtained in the range of 4-100 ng/mL, with the limits of detection and quantitation being 2.2 and 4.5 ng/mL for SN-38, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Li Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Hu S, Xue J, Yang X, Chen X, Wang RQ, Bai XH. Sodium dodecyl sulfate sensitized switchable solvent liquid-phase microextraction for the preconcentration of protoberberine alkaloids in Rhizoma coptidis. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3614-3621. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Jiao Xue
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Xuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Run-qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Xiao-hong Bai
- School of Pharmacy; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan P. R. China
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Qian H, Hu L, Liu C, Wang H, Gao H, Zhou W. Determination of four pyrethroid insecticides in water samples through membrane emulsification-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1559:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang X, Gao L, Zhang Z, Tian Y. Separation and determination of acetyl-glutamine enantiomers by HPLC-MS and its application in pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:303-308. [PMID: 29404053 PMCID: PMC5790696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) method was established for the separation and determination of acetyl-glutamine enantiomers (acetyl-L-glutamine and acetyl-D-glutamine) simultaneously. Baseline separation was achieved on Chiralpak AD-H column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). n-Hexane (containing 0.1% acetic acid) and ethanol (75:25, v/v) were used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The detection was operated in the negative ion mode with an ESI source. [M-H]−m/z 187.0540 for enantiomers and [M-H]−m/z 179.0240 for aspirin (IS) were selected as detecting ions. The linear range of the calibration curve for each enantiomer was 0.05–40 µg/mL. The precision of this method at concentrations of 0.5–20 µg/mL was within 7.23%, and the accuracy was 99.81%–107.81%. The precision at LOQ (0.05 µg/mL) was between 16.28% and 17.56%, which was poor than that at QC levels. The average extraction recovery was higher than 85% for both enantiomers at QC levels. The pharmacokinetics of enantiomers was found to be stereoselective. There was not chiral inversion in vivo or in vitro between enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control&Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control&Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control&Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control&Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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Bahrami A, Ghamari F, Yamini Y, Ghorbani Shahna F, Moghimbeigi A. Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane Extraction Combined with HPLC-UV for Simultaneous Preconcentration and Determination of Urinary Hippuric Acid and Mandelic Acid. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7010008. [PMID: 28208685 PMCID: PMC5371969 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a new extraction method with hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction based on facilitated pH gradient transport for analyzing hippuric acid and mandelic acid in aqueous samples. The factors affecting the metabolites extraction were optimized as follows: the volume of sample solution was 10 mL with pH 2 containing 0.5 mol·L−1 sodium chloride, liquid membrane containing 1-octanol with 20% (w/v) tributyl phosphate as the carrier, the time of extraction was 150 min, and stirring rate was 500 rpm. The organic phase immobilized in the pores of a hollow fiber was back-extracted into 24 µL of a solution containing sodium carbonate with pH 11, which was placed inside the lumen of the fiber. Under optimized conditions, the high enrichment factors of 172 and 195 folds, detection limit of 0.007 and 0.009 µg·mL−1 were obtained. The relative standard deviation (RSD) (%) values for intra- and inter-day precisions were calculated at 2.5%–8.2% and 4.1%–10.7%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of these metabolites in real urine samples. The results indicated that hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) based on facilitated pH gradient transport can be used as a sensitive and effective method for the determination of mandelic acid and hippuric acid in urine specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Bahrami
- Excellence Centre of Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran.
| | - Farhad Ghamari
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak 3819693345, Iran.
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran.
| | - Farshid Ghorbani Shahna
- Excellence Centre of Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran.
| | - Abbas Moghimbeigi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Center of Health Research, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan 6517838736, Iran.
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Mofidi Z, Norouzi P, Seidi S, Reza Ganjali M. Efficient design for in situ determination of amlodipine in whole blood samples using fast Fourier transform stripping square wave voltammetry after preconcentration by electromembrane extraction. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-sensitive in situ determination of amlodipine in whole blood samples was conducted using FFT voltammetry after preconcentration by electromembrane extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mofidi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry
- School of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry
- School of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
| | - Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- K. N. Toosi University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry
- School of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
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Zhang L, Song Z, Dong Y, Wang Y, Li X, Long H, Xu K, Deng C, Meng M, Yin Y, Xi R. Enantiomeric separation of 1,4-dihydropyridines by liquid-phase microextraction with supercritical fluid chromatography. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The great impact of cardiovascular diseases in human health has led to the development of a huge number of drugs and therapies to improve the treatment of these diseases. Cardiovascular drug analysis in biological fluids constitutes an important challenge for analytical scientists. There is a clear need for reliable methods to carry out both qualitative and quantitative analysis in a short time of analysis. Different problems such as drug monitoring, analysis of metabolites, study of drugs interactions, drugs residues or degradation products, chiral separation, and screening and confirmation of drugs of abuse in doping control must be solved. New trends in sample preparation, instrumental and column technology advances in LC and innovations in MS are described in this work.
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Wu L, Song Y, Hu M, Xu X, Zhang H, Yu A, Ma Q, Wang Z. Determination of sulfonamides in butter samples by ionic liquid magnetic bar liquid-phase microextraction high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:569-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Belaz KRA, Pereira-Filho ER, Oliveira RV. Development of achiral and chiral 2D HPLC methods for analysis of albendazole metabolites in microsomal fractions using multivariate analysis for the in vitro metabolism. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 932:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction and chiral LC–MS/MS analysis of venlafaxine and its metabolites in plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:721-30. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An enantioselective analytical method was developed and validated for determination of venlafaxine and its metabolites O-desmethylvenlafaxine and N-desmethylvenlafaxine in plasma samples. The method employed LC–MS/MS analysis and hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF LPME) for sample preparation. Results: After HF LPME optimization the following condition was established: sample volume of 4 ml, sample agitation at 1750 rpm, 20 min of extraction, 0.1 mol/l acetic acid as acceptor phase, 1-octanol as organic phase and donor phase pH adjustment to 10. Under these conditions, the method was linear over the concentration range of 5–500 ng/ml with quantification limits of 5 ng/ml. Conclusion: The use of HF LPME for sample preparation provided suitable recoveries, efficient clean-up and low consumption of organic solvent.
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Development, validation, and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human hair. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2259-66. [PMID: 22926132 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) is a valuable biomarker for human exposure to the carcinogenic nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in tobacco and tobacco smoke. In this work, an efficient and sensitive method for the analysis of NNAL in human hair was developed and validated. The hair sample was extracted by NaOH solution digestion, purified by C(18) solid-phase extraction (SPE) and molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction, further enriched by reverse-phase ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (USA-DLLME) into 1.0 % aqueous formic acid, and finally analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.24-10.0 pg/mg hair with a correlation coefficient of 0.9982, when 150 mg hair was analyzed. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantification were 0.08 and 0.24 pg/mg hair, respectively. Accuracies determined from hair samples spiked with three different levels of NNAL ranged between 87.3 and 107.7 %. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations varied from 4.1 to 8.5 % and from 6.9 to 11.3 %, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, an enrichment factor of 20 was obtained. Finally, the developed method was applied for the analysis of NNAL in smokers' hair. The proposed sample preparation procedure combining selectivity of two-step SPE and enrichment of DLLME significantly improves the purification and enrichment of the analyte and should be useful to analyze NNAL in hair samples for cancer risk evaluation and cancer prevention in relation to exposure to the tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK.
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Hilário VC, Carrão DB, Barth T, Borges KB, Furtado NAJC, Pupo MT, de Oliveira ARM. Assessment of the stereoselective fungal biotransformation of albendazole and its analysis by HPLC in polar organic mode. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 61:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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de Jesus LI, Albuquerque NCP, Borges KB, Simões RA, Calixto LA, Furtado NAJC, de Gaitani CM, Pupo MT, de Oliveira ARM. Enantioselective fungal biotransformation of risperidone in liquid culture medium by capillary electrophoresis and hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2765-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Trends in liquid-phase microextraction, and its application to environmental and biological samples. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0678-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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In vitro characterization of rosiglitazone metabolites and determination of the kinetic parameters employing rat liver microsomal fraction. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 36:159-66. [PMID: 21499911 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-011-0039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rosiglitazone (RSG), a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic drug, is metabolized by CYP450 enzymes into two main metabolites: N-desmethyl rosiglitazone (N-Dm-R) and ρ-hydroxy rosiglitazone (ρ-OH-R). In humans, CYP2C8 appears to have a major role in RSG metabolism. On the other hand, the in vitro metabolism of RSG in animals has not been described in literature yet. Based on these concerns, the kinetic metabolism study of RSG using rat liver microsomal fraction is described for the first time. Maximum velocity (V (max)) values of 87.29 and 51.09 nmol/min/mg protein were observed for N-Dm-R and ρ-OH-R, respectively. Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) values were of 58.12 and 78.52 μM for N-Dm-R and ρ-OH-R, respectively. Therefore, these results demonstrated that this in vitro metabolism model presents the capacity of forming higher levels of N-Dm-R than of ρ-OH-R, which also happens in humans. Three other metabolites were identified employing mass spectrometry detection under positive electrospray ionization: ortho-hydroxy-rosiglitazone (ο-OH-R) and two isomers of N-desmethyl hydroxy-rosiglitazone. These metabolites have also been observed in humans. The results observed in this study indicate that rats could be a satisfactory model for RSG metabolism.
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