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Novel cationic cellulose beads for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Int J Pharm X 2022; 5:100146. [PMID: 36593986 PMCID: PMC9804101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose beads emerge as carriers for poorly water-soluble drugs due to their eco-friendly raw materials and favorable porous structure. However, drug dissolution may be limited by their poor swelling ability and the presence of closed pores caused by shrinkage of the pristine cellulose beads. In this study, novel cellulose beads that can swell in acidic environment were prepared by introducing ethylenediamine (EDA) on dialdehyde cellulose (DAC), thereby addressing the shrinkage and closed pore problem of cellulose beads. The effect of the ratio of EDA on the swelling behavior and amine content of beads was studied. Three model drugs with different physicochemical properties were selected to study the physical state of loaded drugs and their release behavior. According to the results of XRPD and DSC, indomethacin and itraconazole loaded in the beads were amorphous at a drug loading of 20%, but fenofibrate was partially crystalline. Both bead size and the ratio of amine groups influenced the release behavior of the model drugs. The in vitro dissolution results showed that the cationic beads greatly improved the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug compared with the crystalline drug. Beads with a small size and high ratio of EDA tend to achieve a better drug dissolution rate and cumulative release percentage. Physical stability studies of the itraconazole-loaded beads were also implemented under four different temperature/humidity conditions for up to two months. The results showed that crystallization only appeared after two months of storage at 40°/75% RH, and the drug maintained a non-crystalline state in the other three storage conditions (0 °C/0 %RH, 0 °C/32 %RH, 25 °C/32 %RH). In conclusion, the novel pH-responsive cationic cellulose beads show great potential as a carrier for improving the rate and extent of dissolution of poorly soluble drugs and maintaining supersaturation.
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Key Words
- AC, Acetone
- Amorphous state
- CBs, Cellulose beads
- Cationic cellulose beads
- DAC, Dialdehyde cellulose
- DCM, Dichloromethane
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- EDA, Ethylenediamine
- EtOH, Ethanol
- FNB, Fenofibrate
- FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- HPLC, High performance liquid chromatography
- ILs, Ionic liquids
- IND, Indomethacin
- ITZ, Itraconazole
- MeOH, Methanol
- NASDs, Amorphous solid dispersions
- NCEs, New Chemical Entities
- NMMO, N-methylmorpholine N –oxide
- Poorly water-soluble drugs
- SGF, Simulated gastric fluid
- Solubility improvement
- Supersaturation
- Swelling
- TBA, Tert-butanol
- Tg, Glass transition temperature
- XRPD, X-ray powder diffraction
- mDSC, Modulated differential scanning calorimetry
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Precursor Carboxy-silica for Functionalization With Interactive Ligands. II. Carbodiimide Assisted Preparation of Silica Bonded Stationary Phases with D-glucamine for Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Jin G, Ding J, Zhou Y, Xia D, Guo Z, Liang X. Synthesis and chromatographic evaluation of pyrazinedicarboxylic anhydride bonded stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1638:461825. [PMID: 33450715 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A silica based hydrophilic stationary phase bonding with 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic anhydride and amino groups was synthesized via amino-acid anhydride ring opening reaction. The bonded groups could not only provide hydrophilic interaction, but also electrostatic, π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions, etc. The results of characterization with elemental analysis and solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning NMR indicated the successful preparation of amino and carboxyl bonded stationary phase named ZAC. The ζ-potential of ZAC stationary phase showed the negatively charge was dominate at pH larger than 3.5. Chromatographic evaluation revealed that ZAC stationary phase behaved well under HILIC mode. It showed different selectivity and retention compared to some typical commercial columns, and it was validated by the separation of chitooligosaccharides, flavonoid glycosides, organic acids and alkaloid samples. Based on the different selectivity between ZAC stationary phase and C18 columns, ZAC stationary phase also showed different selectivity with C18. And it was verified by the separation of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Menispermi Rhizoma extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowa Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Jiangxi Chinese medicine science center of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330100, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yongzheng Zhou
- Jiangxi Chinese medicine science center of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330100, China
| | - Donghai Xia
- Jiangxi Chinese medicine science center of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330100, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Jiangxi Chinese medicine science center of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330100, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Jiangxi Chinese medicine science center of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330100, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Abu Rasheed M, Alshaghel A, Sakur AA. A new bonded silica based on an amino acid derivative as a TLC stationary phase to solve nitrophenol structural isomerism and ibuprofen stereoisomerism. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many amino acids and their derivatives have been used previously as chiral selectors in thin layer chromatography. Herein, we reported the synthesis, characterization, and chromatographic evaluation of a new modified stationary phase based on (S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid (also known as pregabalin) as an amino acid ligand bonded to the silica surface via triazine attachment.
Results
SC-2P (silica-cyanuric-2-pregabalin) is a bonded silica stationary phase prepared by direct binding of the pre-synthesized cyanuric-2-pregabalin organic ligand on the chlorinated silica surface. FT-IR and UV diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-DRS) were used to characterize the synthesized bonded phase, and the specific surface area was determined using the methylene blue Langmuir isotherm method to be 147.04 m2/g. TLC plates were prepared from a slurry of this synthesized material with 2 mM of Cu2+ as a selector additive, and the chromatographic characteristics of these plates were investigated to separate a ternary mixture of o-, m-, and p-nitrophenol as structural isomers, and a racemic mixture of (±)-ibuprofen as stereoisomers. Solvent systems of n-hexane:dichloroethane:n-propanol (75:20:5, v/v/v) and Dichloroethane:acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) were selected as mobile phases for nitrophenol and ibuprofen mixtures, respectively. The successful separation was densitometrically confirmed, and retardation factors (Rf) were determined for o-, m-, and p-nitrophenol at 320 nm to be 0.83, 0.45, and 0.28, and for R(−)-, S(+)-ibuprofen at 220 nm to be 0.43 and 0.63, respectively.
Conclusion
The synthesis, characterization, and chromatographic evaluation of SC-2P were reported in this article. SC-2P was used with copper ions to form in situ ligand exchange reagent (LER), which was successfully employed to solve an isomeric mixture of nitrophenol and a racemic mixture of (±)-ibuprofen. The synthesized stationary phase showed high repeatability with minimum Rf shifts between batches.
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Farhadpour M, Maghari S, Rezadoost H, Bagheri M, Ghassempour A. A click tyrosine zwitterionic stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461045. [PMID: 32201036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New zwitterionic (ZIC) stationary phases (SPs) are synthesized with the click and conventional bonding of tyrosine to silica gel. Infrared spectra and elemental analysis demonstrate the successful click and conventional bonding of this ZIC group on silica particles by the surface coverage including 2.36 and 0.75 µm m-2, respectively. Given the above-mentioned explanation, the present study evaluated the retention mechanism and chromatographic manners of polar compounds on these new materials under hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) conditions. Based on the results, the Click-Tyrosine Stationary Phase provided good HILIC characteristics when it was applied to separate phenolic compounds, amino acids, alkaloids, and nucleobases compared to bare silica gel SP and even conventional tyrosine SPs. Further, this new Click-Tyrosine-SP represented appropriate HILIC features and column efficiency (the theoretical plate number was up to 50,000 plates m-1 for thebaine). Furthermore, the study investigated the effect of solute polarity (the number of the hydroxyl group of phenolic compounds) and hydrophobicity (the number of the side chain of aliphatic amino acids) on retention behaviors. Finally, some important factors were studied as the potential variables for guiding the retention behavior of the polar compound in HILIC condition including solvent composition, salt concentration, and the buffer pH of the mobile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Farhadpour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shokoofeh Maghari
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Rezadoost
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bagheri
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang X, Bo C, Wang C, Wei Y. Controllable preparation of a hydrophilic/ion-exchange mixed-mode stationary phase by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization using a mixture of two functional monomers. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1861-1868. [PMID: 28247469 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phases require functionalization with at least two functional groups to yield multiple interactions with analytes. Departing from reported methods, a mixture of two different monomers, glycidyl methacrylate and 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, was grafted onto the surface of silica by a one-step surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to prepare a novel hydrophilic interaction/anion-exchange mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phase. The grafted amounts of functional groups were controlled via varying the ratio of monomers in the polymerization system. The influences of water content, salt concentration and pH in the mobile phase were investigated to illustrate the mixed interaction between the stationary phase and analytes. The retention of various solutes on three columns, especially acidic and basic solutes, showed an obvious dependence on the ratio of the two monomers in the polymerization system. The results indicated that the strategy proposed in this work was beneficial to develop various types of mixed-mode chromatographic stationary phases with adjustable selectivity to meet the needs of complex samples. Finally, the column was successfully employed in the isolation of melamine in liquid milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chunmiao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Modern Separation Science in Shaanxi Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Iverson CD, Zhang Y, Lucy CA. Diazonium modification of porous graphitic carbon with catechol and amide groups for hydrophilic interaction and attenuated reversed phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1422:186-193. [PMID: 26506445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porous graphitic carbon (PGC) is an increasingly popular and attractive phase for HPLC on account of its chemical and thermal stability, and its unique separation mechanism. However, native PGC is strongly hydrophobic and in some instances excessively retentive. As part of our effort to build a library of hydrophilic covalently modified PGC phases, we functionalized PGC with catechol and amide groups by means of aryl diazonium chemistry to produce two new phases. Successful grafting was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Under HILIC conditions, the Catechol-PGC showed up to 5-fold increased retention relative to unmodified PGC and selectivity that differed from four other HILIC phases. Under reversed phase conditions, the Amide-PGC reduced the retentivity of PGC by almost 90%. The chromatographic performance of Catechol-PGC and Amide-PGC is demonstrated by separations of nucleobases, nucleosides, phenols, alkaline pharmaceuticals, and performance enhancing stimulants. These compounds had retention factors (k) ranging from 0.5 to 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Iverson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Charles A Lucy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Marriott AS, António C, Thomas-Oates J. Application of Carbonaceous Materials in Separation Science. POROUS CARBON MATERIALS FROM SUSTAINABLE PRECURSORS 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622277-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbons in the separation sciences occupy an important niche owing to their unique retention characteristics, chemical stability and the ability to control pore structure through template strategies. However, these same synthetic processes utilise oil-based carbonising resins and high temperature, energy-intensive pyrolysis steps to ensure the carbon product has pore-size regularity, minimal micropore content and homogeneous surface chemistry. This chapter will primarily focus on the development of porous carbons for application as chromatographic stationary phases. Discussion will cover the unique characteristics of the porous carbon retention mechanism and its application in separating a broad range of analyte classes. The chapter then moves on to describe the current disadvantages in the manufacture of commercially available carbon phase and then highlight recent efforts aimed at the development of alternative porous carbon stationary phases derived from sustainable carbon precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL) Av. República 2780-157 Oeiras Portugal
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Department of Chemistry, University of York York YO10 5DD UK
- Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York York YO10 5DD UK
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9
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Preparation and evaluation of a novel hybrid monolithic column based on pentafluorobenzyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquid. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1375:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Kotoni D, Ciogli A, Villani C, Bell DS, Gasparrini F. Separation of complex sugar mixtures on a hydrolytically stable bidentate urea-type stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction near ultra high performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:527-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Kotoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Roma Italy
| | | | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Roma Italy
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Dinh NP, Jonsson T, Irgum K. Water uptake on polar stationary phases under conditions for hydrophilic interaction chromatography and its relation to solute retention. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1320:33-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Gargano AF, Leek T, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Mixed-mode chromatography with zwitterionic phosphopeptidomimetic selectors from Ugi multicomponent reaction. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1317:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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García-Gómez D, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Carabias-Martínez R. Stationary phases for separation of nucleosides and nucleotides by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Schuster G, Lindner W. Comparative characterization of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography columns by linear solvation energy relationships. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1273:73-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chester TL. Recent Developments in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phases. Anal Chem 2012; 85:579-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303180y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Chester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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