1
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Zhao M, Casiraghi C, Parvez K. Electrochemical exfoliation of 2D materials beyond graphene. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3036-3064. [PMID: 38362717 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
After the discovery of graphene in 2004, the field of atomically thin crystals has exploded with the discovery of thousands of 2-dimensional materials (2DMs) with unique electronic and optical properties, by making them very attractive for a broad range of applications, from electronics to energy storage and harvesting, and from sensing to biomedical applications. In order to integrate 2DMs into practical applications, it is crucial to develop mass scalable techniques providing crystals of high quality and in large yield. Electrochemical exfoliation is one of the most promising methods for producing 2DMs, as it enables quick and large-scale production of solution processable nanosheets with a thickness well below 10 layers and lateral size above 1 μm. Originally, this technique was developed for the production of graphene; however, in the last few years, this approach has been successfully extended to other 2DMs, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorous, hexagonal boron nitride, MXenes and many other emerging 2D materials. This review first provides an introduction to the fundamentals of electrochemical exfoliation and then it discusses the production of each class of 2DMs, by introducing their properties and giving examples of applications. Finally, a summary and perspective are given to address some of the challenges in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
| | - Khaled Parvez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK.
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2
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Jain A, Gosling J, Liu S, Wang H, Stone EM, Chakraborty S, Jayaraman PS, Smith S, Amabilino DB, Fromhold M, Long YT, Pérez-García L, Turyanska L, Rahman R, Rawson FJ. Wireless electrical-molecular quantum signalling for cancer cell apoptosis. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:106-114. [PMID: 37709951 PMCID: PMC10796273 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum biological tunnelling for electron transfer is involved in controlling essential functions for life such as cellular respiration and homoeostasis. Understanding and controlling the quantum effects in biology has the potential to modulate biological functions. Here we merge wireless nano-electrochemical tools with cancer cells for control over electron transfer to trigger cancer cell death. Gold bipolar nanoelectrodes functionalized with redox-active cytochrome c and a redox mediator zinc porphyrin are developed as electric-field-stimulating bio-actuators, termed bio-nanoantennae. We show that a remote electrical input regulates electron transport between these redox molecules, which results in quantum biological tunnelling for electron transfer to trigger apoptosis in patient-derived cancer cells in a selective manner. Transcriptomics data show that the electric-field-induced bio-nanoantenna targets the cancer cells in a unique manner, representing electrically induced control of molecular signalling. The work shows the potential of quantum-based medical diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Jain
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan Gosling
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Shaochuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Eloise M Stone
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sajib Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stuart Smith
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - David B Amabilino
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Fromhold
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Departament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Bioelectronics Laboratory, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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3
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Mwanza C, Ding SN. Newly Developed Electrochemiluminescence Based on Bipolar Electrochemistry for Multiplex Biosensing Applications: A Consolidated Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:666. [PMID: 37367031 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an upsurge in the extent to which electrochemiluminescence (ECL) working in synergy with bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) is being applied in simple biosensing devices, especially in a clinical setup. The key objective of this particular write-up is to present a consolidated review of ECL-BPE, providing a three-dimensional perspective incorporating its strengths, weaknesses, limitations, and potential applications as a biosensing technique. The review encapsulates critical insights into the latest and novel developments in the field of ECL-BPE, including innovative electrode designs and newly developed, novel luminophores and co-reactants employed in ECL-BPE systems, along with challenges, such as optimization of the interelectrode distance, electrode miniaturization and electrode surface modification for enhancing sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, this consolidated review will provide an overview of the latest, novel applications and advances made in this field with a bias toward multiplex biosensing based on the past five years of research. The studies reviewed herein, indicate that the technology is rapidly advancing at an outstanding purse and has an immense potential to revolutionize the general field of biosensing. This perspective aims to stimulate innovative ideas and inspire researchers alike to incorporate some elements of ECL-BPE into their studies, thereby steering this field into previously unexplored domains that may lead to unexpected, interesting discoveries. For instance, the application of ECL-BPE in other challenging and complex sample matrices such as hair for bioanalytical purposes is currently an unexplored area. Of great significance, a substantial fraction of the content in this review article is based on content from research articles published between the years 2018 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mwanza
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Chemistry Department, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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4
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Ren H, Tianxiang W. Electrochemical Synthesis Methods of Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Their Environmental Analysis Applications: A Review. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Nanjing Normal University School of Environment CHINA
| | - Wei Tianxiang
- Nanjing Normal University No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District Nanjing CHINA
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5
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Robinson A, Jain A, Rahman R, Abayzeed S, Hague RJM, Rawson FJ. Impedimetric Characterization of Bipolar Nanoelectrodes with Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29495-29505. [PMID: 34778621 PMCID: PMC8581971 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Merging of electronics with biology, defined as bioelectronics, at the nanoscale holds considerable promise for sensing and modulating cellular behavior. Advancing our understanding of nanobioelectronics will facilitate development and enable applications in biosensing, tissue engineering, and bioelectronic medicine. However, studies investigating the electrical effects when merging wireless conductive nanoelectrodes with biology are lacking. Consequently, a tool is required to develop a greater understanding of merging conductive nanoparticles with cells. Herein, this challenge is addressed by developing an impedimetric method to evaluate bipolar electrode (BPE) systems that could report on electrical input. A theoretical framework is provided, using impedance to determine if conductive nanoparticles can be polarized and used to drive current. It is then demonstrated that 125 nm of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) bipolar electrodes (BPEs) could be sensed in the presence of cells when incorporated intracellularly at 500 μg/mL using water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as electrolytes. These results highlight how nanoscale BPEs act within biological systems. This research will impact the rational design of using BPE systems in cells for both sensing and actuating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andie
J. Robinson
- Regenerative
Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute, School of
Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Akhil Jain
- Regenerative
Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute, School of
Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children’s
Brain Tumour Research Centre (CBTRC), Biodiscovery Institute, School
of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Sidahmed Abayzeed
- Optics
and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Richard J. M. Hague
- Centre
for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, U.K.
| | - Frankie J. Rawson
- Regenerative
Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute, School of
Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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6
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Xie F, Li C, Hua X, Ma L. Biofabrication of controllable alginate hydrogel cell scaffolds based on bipolar electrochemistry. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115211053920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry successfully realized the electrodeposition of calcium alginate hydrogels in specific target areas in tissue engineering. However, the shape and quantity of three-dimensional cannot be accurately controlled. We presented a novel growth model for fabricating hydrogels based on bipolar electrochemical by patterned bipolar electrodes using photolithography. This work highlights pattern customization and quantitative control of hydrogels in cell culture platforms. Furthermore, alginate hydrogels with different heights can be controlled by adjusting the key parameters of the growth model. This strategy exhibits promising potential for cell-oriented scaffolds in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyue Li
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hua
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Bouffier L, Zigah D, Sojic N, Kuhn A. Bipolar (Bio)electroanalysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:65-86. [PMID: 33940930 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-090820-093307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This contribution reviews a selection of the most recent studies on the use of bipolar electrochemistry in the framework of analytical chemistry. Despite the fact that the concept is not new, with several important studies dating back to the middle of the last century, completely novel and very original approaches have emerged over the last decade. This current revival illustrates that scientists still (re)discover some exciting virtues of this approach, which are useful in many different areas, especially for tackling analytical challenges in an unconventional way. In several cases, this "wireless" electrochemistry strategy enables carrying out measurements that are simply not possible with classic electrochemical approaches. This review will hopefully stimulate new ideas and trigger scientists to integrate some aspects of bipolar electrochemistry in their work in order to drive the topic into yet unexplored and eventually completely unexpected directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bouffier
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
| | - Dodzi Zigah
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
| | - Neso Sojic
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science, and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France; , , ,
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8
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Ismail A, Voci S, Descamps L, Buhot A, Sojic N, Leroy L, Bouchet-Spinelli A. Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence Imaging: A Way to Investigate the Passivation of Silicon Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1094-1100. [PMID: 33826213 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work depicts the original combination of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) to map in real-time the oxidation of silicon in microchannels. We fabricated model silicon-PDMS microfluidic chips, optionally containing a restriction, and monitored the evolution of the surface reactivity using ECL. BPE was used to remotely promote ECL at the silicon surface inside microfluidic channels. The effects of the fluidic design, the applied potential and the resistance of the channel (controlled by the fluidic configuration) on the silicon polarization and oxide formation were investigated. A potential difference down to 6 V was sufficient to induce ECL, which is two orders of magnitude less than in classical BPE configurations. Increasing the resistance of the channel led to an increase in the current passing through the silicon and boosted the intensity of ECL signals. Finally, the possibility of achieving electrochemical reactions at predetermined locations on the microfluidic chip was investigated using a patterning of the silicon oxide surface by etched micrometric squares. This ECL imaging approach opens exciting perspectives for the precise understanding and implementation of electrochemical functionalization on passivating materials. In addition, it may help the development and the design of fully integrated microfluidic biochips paving the way for development of original bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulghani Ismail
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Silvia Voci
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Lucie Descamps
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Buhot
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Loïc Leroy
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Bouchet-Spinelli
- IRIG-SYMMES, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France
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9
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The Energy Conversion behind Micro-and Nanomotors. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020222. [PMID: 33671593 PMCID: PMC7927089 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the autonomously moving organisms in nature, artificially synthesized micro-nano-scale power devices, also called micro-and nanomotors, are proposed. These micro-and nanomotors that can self-propel have been used for biological sensing, environmental remediation, and targeted drug transportation. In this article, we will systematically overview the conversion of chemical energy or other forms of energy in the external environment (such as electrical energy, light energy, magnetic energy, and ultrasound) into kinetic mechanical energy by micro-and nanomotors. The development and progress of these energy conversion mechanisms in the past ten years are reviewed, and the broad application prospects of micro-and nanomotors in energy conversion are provided.
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10
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Zhang J, Chen X, Gao T, Wu Y, Yang Y, Guo Y, Xiao D. A Trimetallic Cobalt/Iron/Nickel Phytate Catalyst for Overall Water Splitting: Fabrication by Magnetic-Field-Assisted Bipolar Electrodeposition. Chempluschem 2021; 86:184-190. [PMID: 33481358 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrodeposition is an effective method to prepare various materials. We have established a bipolar electrodeposition system assisted by a constant magnetic field to fabricate a Co/Fe/Ni phytate catalyst with good electrocatalytic activity for overall water splitting. The effects of magnetic and electric fields on the catalytic properties of the material were studied. The catalyst prepared with an N-pole magnetic field (NPMF) exhibited good overall water splitting performance. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the Co/Fe/Ni-phytate and the advantages of the N-pole magnetic field the NPMF electrode has a continuous 25 hours high-efficiency hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reaction at a current density of 100 mA cm-2 in1.0 M KOH compared with commercial RuO2 and Pt/C. Bipolar electrodeposition with a constant magnetic field is thus an efficient means to fabricate electrocatalytic water splitting catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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11
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Gibney S, Hicks JM, Robinson A, Jain A, Sanjuan-Alberte P, Rawson FJ. Toward nanobioelectronic medicine: Unlocking new applications using nanotechnology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1693. [PMID: 33442962 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronic medicine aims to interface electronic technology with biological components and design more effective therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Advances in nanotechnology have moved the field forward improving the seamless interaction between biological and electronic components. In the lab many of these nanobioelectronic devices have the potential to improve current treatment approaches, including those for cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and disease underpinned by malfunctions in neuronal electrical communication. While promising, many of these devices and technologies require further development before they can be successfully applied in a clinical setting. Here, we highlight recent work which is close to achieving this goal, including discussion of nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and nanowires for medical applications. We also look forward toward the next decade to determine how current developments in nanotechnology could shape the growing field of bioelectronic medicine. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gibney
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Hicks
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andie Robinson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Akhil Jain
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frankie J Rawson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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12
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Jaworska E, Michalska A, Maksymiuk K. Implementation of a Chloride‐selective Electrode Into a Closed Bipolar Electrode System with Fluorimetric Readout. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaworska
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Agata Michalska
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
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13
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Davies CD, Johnson SE, Crooks RM. Effect of Chloride Oxidation on Local Electric Fields in Microelectrochemical Systems. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Collin D. Davies
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin, Texas 78712-1224 U.S.A
| | - Sarah E. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin, Texas 78712-1224 U.S.A
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St., Stop A5300 Austin, Texas 78712-1224 U.S.A
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14
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Ismail A, Voci S, Pham P, Leroy L, Maziz A, Descamps L, Kuhn A, Mailley P, Livache T, Buhot A, Leichlé T, Bouchet-Spinelli A, Sojic N. Enhanced Bipolar Electrochemistry at Solid-State Micropores: Demonstration by Wireless Electrochemiluminescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8900-8907. [PMID: 31241899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) is a powerful method based on the wireless polarization of a conductive object that induces the asymmetric electroactivity at its two extremities. A key physical limitation of BPE is the size of the conductive object because the shorter the object, the larger is the potential necessary for sufficient polarization. Micrometric and nanometric objects are thus extremely difficult to address by BPE due to the very high potentials required, in the order of tens of kV or more. Herein, the synergetic actions of BPE and of planar micropores integrated in a microfluidic device lead to the spatial confinement of the potential drop at the level of the solid-state micropore, and thus to a locally enhanced polarization of a bipolar electrode. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is emitted in half of the electroactive micropore and reveals the asymmetric polarization in this spatial restriction. Micrometric deoxidized silicon electrodes located in the micropore are polarized at a very low potential (7 V), which is more than 2 orders of magnitude lower compared to the classic bipolar configurations. This behavior is intrinsically associated with the unique properties of the micropores, where the sharp potential drop is focused. The presented approach offers exciting perspectives for BPE of micro/nano-objects, such as dynamic BPE with objects passing through the pores or wireless ECL-emitting micropores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulghani Ismail
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Silvia Voci
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM,UMR 5255 , F-33400 , Talence , France
| | | | - Loïc Leroy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Ali Maziz
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse , 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Lucie Descamps
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM,UMR 5255 , F-33400 , Talence , France
| | | | - Thierry Livache
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Arnaud Buhot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | | | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM,UMR 5255 , F-33400 , Talence , France
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15
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Zhang J, Arbault S, Sojic N, Jiang D. Electrochemiluminescence Imaging for Bioanalysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:275-295. [PMID: 30939032 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a widely used analytical technique with the advantages of high sensitivity and low background signal. The recent and rapid development of electrochemical materials, luminophores, and optical elements significantly increases the ECL signals and, thus, ECL imaging with enhanced spatial and temporal resolutions is realized. Currently, ECL imaging is successfully applied to high-throughput bioanalysis and to visualize the distribution of molecules at single cells. Compared with other optical bioassays, no optical excitation is involved in imaging, so the approach avoids a background signal from illumination and increases the detection sensitivity. This review highlights some of the most exciting developments in this field, including the mechanisms, electrode designs, and the applications of ECL imaging in bioanalysis and at single cells and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China;
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France;
| | - Neso Sojic
- Bordeaux INP, Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), and CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France;
| | - Dechen Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China;
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16
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Lacina K, Kazda T, Syrový T, Trnková L, Vanýsek P, Skládal P. Asymmetric bipolar electrochemistry: Detailed empirical description and determination of output characteristics of a galvanic system with multiple short-circuited cells in one electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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18
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Xu F, Wang H, He XD, Deng N, Li F, Li B, Xie JH, Han SK, He JB. One-step deposition of Ni Cu1− alloys with both composition gradient and morphology evolution by bipolar electrochemistry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Li M, Liu S, Jiang Y, Wang W. Visualizing the Zero-Potential Line of Bipolar Electrodes with Arbitrary Geometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6390-6396. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yingyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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20
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Hao R, Fan Y, Han C, Zhang B. Bipolar Electrochemistry on a Nanopore-Supported Platinum Nanoparticle Electrode. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12652-12658. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Yunshan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Chu Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
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21
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Gao J, Chen S, AlTal F, Hu S, Bouffier L, Wantz G. Bipolar Electrode Array Embedded in a Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32405-32410. [PMID: 28849645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A linear array of aluminum discs is deposited between the driving electrodes of an extremely large planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (PLEC). The planar PLEC is then operated at a constant bias voltage of 100 V. This promotes in situ electrochemical doping of the luminescent polymer from both the driving electrodes and the aluminum discs. These aluminum discs function as discrete bipolar electrodes (BPEs) that can drive redox reactions at their extremities. Time-lapse fluorescence imaging reveals that p- and n-doping that originated from neighboring BPEs can interact to form multiple light-emitting p-n junctions in series. This provides direct evidence of the working principle of bulk homojunction PLECs. The propagation of p-doping is faster from the BPEs than from the positive driving electrode due to electric field enhancement at the extremities of BPEs. The effect of field enhancement and the fact that the doping fronts only need to travel the distance between the neighboring BPEs to form a light-emitting junction greatly reduce the response time for electroluminescence in the region containing the BPE array. The near simultaneous formation of multiple light-emitting p-n junctions in series causes a measurable increase in cell current. This indicates that the region containing a BPE is much more conductive than the rest of the planar cell despite the latter's greater width. The p- and n-doping originating from the BPEs is initially highly confined. Significant expansion and divergence of doping occurred when the region containing the BPE array became more conductive. The shape and direction of expanded doping strongly suggest that the multiple light-emitting p-n junctions, formed between and connected by the array of metal BPEs, have functioned as a single rod-shaped BPE. This represents a new type of BPE that is formed in situ and as a combination of metal, doped polymers, and forward-biased p-n junctions connected in series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shulun Chen
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Faleh AlTal
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shiyu Hu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS, UMR 5255 , Bordeaux INP, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- Université de Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218 , Bordeaux INP, F-33405 Talence, France
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22
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Bipolar electrochemiluminescence on thread: A new class of electroanalytical sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:335-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Chmielarz P, Fantin M, Park S, Isse AA, Gennaro A, Magenau AJ, Sobkowiak A, Matyjaszewski K. Electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP). Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Bouffier L, Sojic N, Kuhn A. Capillary-assisted bipolar electrochemistry: A focused mini review. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2687-2694. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Bouffier
- University of Bordeaux; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- CNRS; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- Bordeaux INP; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- CNRS; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- Bordeaux INP; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of Bordeaux; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- CNRS; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
- Bordeaux INP; ISM; UMR 5255 Talence France
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Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry is receiving growing attention in the last years, not only because it is an important tool for studying electron transfer processes, but also because it is really fruitful in the development of new analytical sensors. Bipolar electrodes show promising applications as a direct analytical tool since oxidation and reduction reactions take place simultaneously on different parts of a single conductor. There are several electrochemical devices that provide information about electron transfer between two immiscible electrolyte solutions, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a bipolar device is able to record two spectroelectrochemical responses concomitantly at two different compartments. It allows deconvolving the electrochemical signal into two different optical signals related to the electron transfer processes occurring at two compartments that are electrically in contact. The combination of an electrochemical and two spectroscopic responses is indeed very useful, providing essential advantages in the study of a huge variety of systems. The study of three different electrochemical systems, such as reversible redox couples, carbon nanotubes, and conducting polymers has allowed us to validate the new cell and to demonstrate the capabilities of this technique to obtain valuable time-resolved information related to the electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ibañez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Heras
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Alvaro Colina
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
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26
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Zhang X, Zhai Q, Xing H, Li J, Wang E. Bipolar Electrodes with 100% Current Efficiency for Sensors. ACS Sens 2017; 2:320-326. [PMID: 28723210 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A bipolar electrode (BPE) is an electron conductor that is embedded in the electrolyte solution without the direct connection with the external power source (driving electrode). When the sufficient voltage was provided, the two poles of BPE promote different oxidation and reduction reactions. During the past few years, BPEs with wireless feature and easy integration showed great promise in the various fields including asymmetric modification/synthesis, motion control, targets enrichment/separation, and chemical sensing/biosensing combined with the quantitative relationship between two poles of BPE. In this perspective paper, we first describe the concept and history of the BPE for analytical chemistry and then review the recent developments in the application of BPEs for sensing with ultrahigh current efficiency (ηc = iBPE/ichannel) including the open and closed bipolar system. Finally, we offer the guide for possible challenge faced and solution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Zhai
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Xing
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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27
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KOIZUMI Y, INAGI S. Bipolar Electropolymerization for the Synthesis of Conducting Polymer Materials. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2017. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki KOIZUMI
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Shinsuke INAGI
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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28
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Liu M, Liu R, Wang D, Liu C, Zhang C. A low-cost, ultraflexible cloth-based microfluidic device for wireless electrochemiluminescence application. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2860-2870. [PMID: 27356231 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rising need for low-cost diagnostic devices has led to the search for inexpensive matrices that allow performing alternative analytical assays. Cloth is a viable material for the development of analytical devices due to its low material and manufacture costs, ability to wick assay fluids by capillary forces, and potential for patterning multiplexed channel geometries. In this paper, we describe the construction of low-cost, ultraflexible microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs) for wireless electrochemiluminescence based on closed bipolar electrodes (C-WL-ECL), employing extremely cheap materials and a manufacturing process. The C-WL-ECL μCADs are built with wax-screen-printed cloth channels and carbon ink screen-printed electrodes, and the estimated cost per device is only $0.015. To demonstrate the performance of C-WL-ECL μCADs, the two most commonly used ECL systems - tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(ii)/tri-n-propylamine (Ru(bpy)3(2+)/TPA) and 3-aminophthalhydrazide/hydrogen peroxide (luminol/H2O2) - are applied. Under optimized conditions, the C-WL-ECL method has successfully fulfilled the quantitative determination of TPA with a detection limit of 0.085 mM. In addition, on the bent μCADs (bending angle (θ) = 180°), the luminol/H2O2-based ECL system can detect H2O2 as low as 0.024 mM. Based on such an ECL system, the bent μCADs are further used for determination of glucose in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS), with the detection limit of 0.195 mM. Finally, the applicability and validity, anti-interference ability, and storage stability of the C-WL-ECL μCADs are investigated. The results indicate that the proposed device has shown potential to extend the use of microfluidic analytical devices, due to its simplicity, low cost, ultraflexibility, and acceptable analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, No. 55, Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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29
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Koefoed L, Pedersen EB, Thyssen L, Vinther J, Kristiansen T, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Functionalizing Arrays of Transferred Monolayer Graphene on Insulating Surfaces by Bipolar Electrochemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6289-96. [PMID: 27299175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Development of versatile methods for graphene functionalization is necessary before use in applications such as composites or as catalyst support. In this study, bipolar electrochemistry is used as a wireless functionalization method to graft 4-bromobenzenediazonium on large (10 × 10 mm(2)) monolayer graphene sheets supported on SiO2. Using this technique, transferred graphene can be electrochemically functionalized without the need of a metal support or the deposition of physical contacts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are used to map the chemical changes and modifications of graphene across the individual sheets. Interestingly, the defect density is similar between samples, independent of driving potential, whereas the grafting density is increased upon increasing the driving potential. It is observed that the 2D nature of the electrode influences the electrochemistry and stability of the electrode compared to conventional electrografting using a three-electrode setup. On one side, the graphene will be blocked by the attached organic film, but the conductivity is also altered upon functionalization, which makes the graphene electrode different from a normal metal electrode. Furthermore, it is shown that it is possible to simultaneously modify an array of many small graphene electrodes (1 × 1 mm(2)) on SiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Koefoed
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Emil Bjerglund Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lena Thyssen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Vinther
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kristiansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen U Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center, Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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30
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Kim K, Guo J, Liang ZX, Zhu FQ, Fan DL. Man-made rotary nanomotors: a review of recent developments. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10471-90. [PMID: 27152885 PMCID: PMC4873439 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of rotary nanomotors is an essential step towards intelligent nanomachines and nanorobots. In this article, we review the concept, design, working mechanisms, and applications of state-of-the-art rotary nanomotors made from synthetic nanoentities. The rotary nanomotors are categorized according to the energy sources employed to drive the rotary motion, including biochemical, optical, magnetic, and electric fields. The unique advantages and limitations for each type of rotary nanomachines are discussed. The advances of rotary nanomotors is pivotal for realizing dream nanomachines for myriad applications including microfluidics, biodiagnosis, nano-surgery, and biosubstance delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanoh Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Jianhe Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Z X Liang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - F Q Zhu
- NovaMinds, LLC, 9535 Ketona Cv., Austin, TX 78759, USA
| | - D L Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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31
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Oh JM, Chow KF. Naked-Eye Coulometric Sensor Using a Longitudinally Oriented Ag Band Electrode in a Microfluidic Channel. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4849-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Oh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University
Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Kwok-Fan Chow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University
Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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32
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Sequeira CAC, Cardoso DSP, Gameiro MLF. Bipolar Electrochemistry, a Focal Point of Future Research. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2016.1147031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Koefoed L, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Grafting of Aryl Diazonium, Iodonium, and Sulfonium Salts in Unusual Patterns by Exploiting the Potential Gradient in Bipolar Electrochemistry. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Line Koefoed
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Steen U. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center; Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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34
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Xu W, Fu K, Ma C, Bohn PW. Closed bipolar electrode-enabled dual-cell electrochromic detectors for chemical sensing. Analyst 2016; 141:6018-6024. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Battery operation of a closed-BPE dual cell with colorimetric readout by smartphone camera yields a simple, inexpensive, field-deployable electrochemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Chaoxiong Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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35
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Zuccaro L, Kuhn A, Konuma M, Yu HK, Kern K, Balasubramanian K. Selective Functionalization of Graphene Peripheries by using Bipolar Electrochemistry. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zuccaro
- Max Planck Institute for Solid-State Research; Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany) b.kannanfkf.mpg.de
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Université Bordeaux; ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 16; Avenue Pey Berland 33607 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Mitsuharu Konuma
- Max Planck Institute for Solid-State Research; Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany) b.kannanfkf.mpg.de
| | - Hak Ki Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077; Göttingen Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid-State Research; Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany) b.kannanfkf.mpg.de
- Institut de Physique de la Matière Condensée; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Bâtiment PH, Station 3; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kannan Balasubramanian
- Max Planck Institute for Solid-State Research; Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany) b.kannanfkf.mpg.de
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36
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de Poulpiquet A, Diez-Buitrago B, Milutinovic M, Goudeau B, Bouffier L, Arbault S, Kuhn A, Sojic N. Dual-Color Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Dispersions of Conductive Microbeads Addressed by Bipolar Electrochemistry. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne de Poulpiquet
- Université Bordeaux; CNRS, ISM UMR5255; NSYSA group, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
| | | | - Milena Milutinovic
- Université Bordeaux; CNRS, ISM UMR5255; NSYSA group, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- Université Bordeaux; CNRS, ISM UMR5255; NSYSA group, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Université Bordeaux; CNRS, ISM UMR5255; NSYSA group, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Université Bordeaux; CNRS, ISM UMR5255; NSYSA group, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Université Bordeaux; CNRS, ISM UMR5255; NSYSA group, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Université Bordeaux; CNRS, ISM UMR5255; NSYSA group, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
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Chen S, Wantz G, Bouffier L, Gao J. Solid-State Bipolar Electrochemistry: Polymer-Based Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shulun Chen
- Department of Physics; Engineering Physics and Astronomy; Queen's University, 64; Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- Université Bordeaux; Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, CNRS UMR 5218, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Université. Bordeaux; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255; 33400, Talence France
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Physics; Engineering Physics and Astronomy; Queen's University, 64; Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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Tisserant G, Gillion J, Lannelongue J, Fattah Z, Garrigue P, Roche J, Zigah D, Kuhn A, Bouffier L. Single-Step Screening of the Potential Dependence of Metal Layer Morphologies along Bipolar Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Tisserant
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Julie Gillion
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Jérémy Lannelongue
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Zahra Fattah
- University of Duhok; Zakho Street 38 1006 AJ Duhok Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Jérome Roche
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Dodzi Zigah
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- University of Bordeaux; Institute of Molecular Science (ISM), UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
- National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), ISM, UMR 5255; 33400 Talence France
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Sopha H, Roche J, Švancara I, Kuhn A. Wireless Electrosampling of Heavy Metals for Stripping Analysis with Bismuth-Based Janus Particles. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10515-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5033897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sopha
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jérome Roche
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Švancara
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Université de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
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Roche J, Gianessi E, Kuhn A. Physico-chemical milling for controlled size reduction of metal beads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21234-6. [PMID: 25195806 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03279a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a new physico-chemical method based on bipolar electrochemistry for producing spherical metal beads with a well-controlled size. Applying an electric field to a low conductivity electrolyte containing metal beads leads to a polarization potential across the beads, which triggers their electrodissolution. Upon stirring, their size decreases gradually and results in a final population which is spherical and monodisperse. Furthermore, the spherical character of shapeless particles increased to form isotropic objects. The process is versatile, self-limiting and produces beads of different final diameters depending on the applied potential. Finally, the removed material can be recycled at one of the feeder electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roche
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.
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Fosdick SE, Berglund SP, Mullins CB, Crooks RM. Evaluating Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Using Bipolar Electrode Arrays: Bi- and Trimetallic Combinations of Co, Fe, Ni, Mo, and W. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500168t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Fosdick
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712-0165, United States
| | - Sean P. Berglund
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - C. Buddie Mullins
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712-0165, United States
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0400, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712-0165, United States
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Yadnum S, Roche J, Lebraud E, Négrier P, Garrigue P, Bradshaw D, Warakulwit C, Limtrakul J, Kuhn A. Site-Selective Synthesis of Janus-type Metal-Organic Framework Composites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4001-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu S, Zhou Z, Xu L, Su B, Fang Q. Integrating bipolar electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence imaging with microdroplets for chemical analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 53:148-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhu F, Yan J, Pang S, Zhou Y, Mao B, Oleinick A, Svir I, Amatore C. Strategy for Increasing the Electrode Density of Microelectrode Arrays by Utilizing Bipolar Behavior of a Metallic Film. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3138-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac404202p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yongliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alexander Oleinick
- CNRS UMR 8640
“PASTEUR”, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
| | - Irina Svir
- CNRS UMR 8640
“PASTEUR”, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
| | - Christian Amatore
- CNRS UMR 8640
“PASTEUR”, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
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Dorri N, Shahbazi P, Kiani A. Self-movement of water droplet at the gradient nanostructure of Cu fabricated using bipolar electrochemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1376-1382. [PMID: 24417380 DOI: 10.1021/la403566b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This Article reports on gradient electrodeposition of copper on the surface of a bipolar electrode (BPE). The formation mechanism of the as-fabricated gradient nanostructure is discussed, and the effects of time, potential, and concentration of CuSO4 solution on the morphology of the deposited structures are investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to visualize the morphology of the deposited Cu at different positions of the BPE. By scanning from the cathodic pole to the midpoint of the BPE, three distinct structures are observed; (i) nanodendrites, (ii) nanodendrites in the vicinity of nanoparticles, and (iii) nanoparticles. The BPE surface was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The contact angle measurement of a water droplet reveals a surface with gradient wettability. Modification of the as-electrodeposited Cu surface with 1-dodecanethiol provides self-movement of the water droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Dorri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan , Isfahan 81744-73441, Iran
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Roche J, Loget G, Zigah D, Fattah Z, Goudeau B, Arbault S, Bouffier L, Kuhn A. Straight-forward synthesis of ringed particles. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53329h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Plana D, Dryfe RA. Galvanic and bipolar cells as probes of electroless deposition: The Cu–dimethylamine borane system. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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