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Borah MS, Tiwari A, Sridhar K, Narsaiah K, Nayak PK, Stephen Inbaraj B. Recent Trends in Valorization of Food Industry Waste and By-Products: Encapsulation and In Vitro Release of Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2023; 12:3823. [PMID: 37893717 PMCID: PMC10606574 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food by-products and waste are a boundless source of bioactives, nutraceuticals, and naturally occurring substances that are good for human health. In fact, a lot of by-products and wastes are generated by several food businesses. Therefore, waste management and by-product utilization are the most important aspects of the food sector. According to various studies, many bioactive compounds such as phenolics, carotenoids, and proteins can be recovered as feed stock from various industries' by-products and wastes using potential technologies. As a result, current trends are shifting attention to the sustainable valorisation of food sector waste management and by-products utilization. Thus, the circular economy principles have been applied to the field of food science. The aim of the circular economy is to ensure environmental protection and promote economic development while minimizing the environmental impact of food production. All of these aspects of the circular economy, at present, have become a challenging area of research for by-product valorisation as well. Hence, this review aims to highlight the emerging trends in the efficient utilization of food industry waste and by-products by focusing on innovative encapsulation techniques and controlled release mechanisms of bioactive compounds extracted from food industry waste and by-products. This review also aims to suggest future research directions, and addresses regulatory and toxicity considerations, by fostering knowledge dissemination and encouraging eco-friendly approaches within the food industry. This review reveals the role of encapsulation strategies for the effective utilization of bioactive compounds extracted from food industry waste and by-products. However, further research is needed to address regulatory and toxicity considerations of encapsulated bioactive compounds and health-related concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajita Tiwari
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Kairam Narsaiah
- Agriculture Engineering Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar 783370, India
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Vilas-Boas AA, Pintado M, Oliveira ALS. Natural Bioactive Compounds from Food Waste: Toxicity and Safety Concerns. Foods 2021; 10:1564. [PMID: 34359434 PMCID: PMC8304211 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although synthetic bioactive compounds are approved in many countries for food applications, they are becoming less and less welcome by consumers. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in replacing these synthetic compounds by natural bioactive compounds. These natural compounds can be used as food additives to maintain the food quality, food safety and appeal, and as food supplements or nutraceuticals to correct nutritional deficiencies, maintain a suitable intake of nutrients, or to support physiological functions, respectively. Recent studies reveal that numerous food wastes, particularly fruit and vegetables byproducts, are a good source of bioactive compounds that can be extracted and reintroduced into the food chain as natural food additives or in food matrices for obtaining nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review addresses general questions concerning the use of fruit and vegetables byproducts as new sources of natural bioactive compounds that are being addressed to foods as natural additives and supplements. Those bioactive compounds must follow the legal requirements and evaluations to assess the risks for human health and their toxicity must be considered before being launched into the market. To overcome the potential health risk while increasing the biological activity, stability and biodistribution of the supplements' technological alternatives have been studied such as encapsulation of bioactive compounds into micro or nanoparticles or nanoemulsions. This will allow enhancing the stability and release along the gastrointestinal tract in a controlled manner into the specific tissues. This review summarizes the valorization path that a bioactive compound recovered from an agro-food waste can face from the moment their potentialities are exhibited until it reaches the final consumer and the safety and toxicity challenges, they may overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana L. S. Oliveira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.V.-B.); (M.P.)
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Nanoencapsulation of hydrophobic and low-soluble food bioactive compounds within different nanocarriers. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Carvalho JA, Abreu AS, Ferreira VTP, Gonçalves EP, Tedesco AC, Pinto JG, Ferreira-Strixino J, Beltrame Junior M, Simioni AR. Preparation of gelatin nanoparticles by two step desolvation method for application in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:1287-1301. [PMID: 29561222 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1456027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin nanoparticles have recently been receiving considerable attention because they offer a good option as release systems due to their low cost, biocompatibility, biodegradability and its application in several types of formulations. This study aim was to evaluate the potential application of gelatin nanoparticles entrapping a photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy. Gelatin nanoparticles were studied by steady-state techniques and the biological activity evaluated by in vitro MTT assay. The particles were spherical in shape exhibiting a 273 nm diameter with a low tendency to aggregate. The loading efficiency was 76%. Photosensitizer photophysical properties were shown to be preserved after GN encapsulation. The cells viability obtaining 85% cells death compared with control. The results demonstrate that gelatin nanoparticles can be successfully applied for photosensitizers encapsulation or other active drugs and be used as an optimal medium for a variety of bioactive materials, which can also be encapsulated by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janicy Arantes Carvalho
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Alexandro Silva Abreu
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | | | - Erika Peterson Gonçalves
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- c Chemistry Department, Photobiology and Photomedicine Group , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- d Photodynamic Therapy Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- d Photodynamic Therapy Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD , Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Milton Beltrame Junior
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
| | - Andreza Ribeiro Simioni
- a Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Research and Development Institute - IPD, Vale do Paraíba University , São José dos Campos , Brazil
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Jain A, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Ramalingam C. Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: An overview on their safety concerns and regulatory issues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:297-317. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1160363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Research Wing, Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial Trust, Chapra, Bihar, India
- Xpert Arena Technological Services Pvt. Ltd., Chapra, Bihar, India
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chidambaram Ramalingam
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Duncan TV, Singh G. Nanomaterials in Food Products: A New Analytical Challenge. NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN FOOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626879-00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the problem of detecting, characterizing, and determining the concentration of nanomaterials in foods and other biological matrices. After providing an overview of the unique challenges associated with nanoparticle metrology in complex media, sample pretreatment methods (including extraction, digestion, and inline chromatographic separation), imaging analysis, and nanomaterial quantification methods are presented in detail. The chapter also addresses numerous methods under development, including atmospheric scanning electron microscopy, single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, immunological detection methods, and optical techniques such surface plasmon resonance. The chapter concludes with an overview of the research needs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V. Duncan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Bedford Park Illinois USA
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada Ottawa Canada
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Case Study – Characterization of Nanomaterials in Food Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-099948-7.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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Szakal C, Tsytsikova L, Carlander D, Duncan TV. Measurement Methods for the Oral Uptake of Engineered Nanomaterials from Human Dietary Sources: Summary and Outlook. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:669-678. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Szakal
- Materials Measurement Science Div; Natl. Inst. of Standards and Technology; 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg MD 20899-8371 U.S.A
| | - Lyubov Tsytsikova
- Center for Risk Science Innovation and Application; ILSI Research Foundation; 1156 Fifteenth ST. NW, Suite 200 Washington, DC, 20005-1743 U.S.A
| | - David Carlander
- Nanotechnology Industries Assoc; 101 Ave. Louise 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Timothy V. Duncan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; United States Food and Drug Administration; 6502 South Archer Rd Bedford Park IL 60516-1957 U.S.A
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Singh G, Stephan C, Westerhoff P, Carlander D, Duncan TV. Measurement Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Quantify Engineered Nanomaterials in Foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:693-704. [PMID: 33412711 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This article is one of a series of 4 that reports on a task of the NanoRelease Food Additive project of the International Life Science Institute Center for Risk Science Innovation and Application to identify, evaluate, and develop methods that are needed to confidently detect, characterize, and quantify intentionally produced engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) released from food along the alimentary tract. This particular article focuses on the problem of detecting ENMs in food, paying special attention to matrix interferences and how to deal with them. In this review, an in-depth analysis of the literature related to detection of ENMs in complex matrices is presented. The literature review includes discussions of sampling methods, such as centrifugation and ENM extraction. Available analytical methods, as well as emerging methods, are also presented. The article concludes with a summary of findings and an overview of potential knowledge gaps and targets for method development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmit Singh
- Food Research Div, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chady Stephan
- PerkinElmer, Inc, 6 - 501 Rowntree Dairy Rd., Woodbridge, ON L4L 8H1, Canada
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State Univ, PO Box 875306, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5306, U.S.A
| | - David Carlander
- Nanotechnology Industries Assoc, 101 Ave. Louise, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timothy V Duncan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Rd., Bedford Park, IL 60516-1957, U.S.A
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Szakal C, Roberts SM, Westerhoff P, Bartholomaeus A, Buck N, Illuminato I, Canady R, Rogers M. Measurement of nanomaterials in foods: integrative consideration of challenges and future prospects. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3128-3135. [PMID: 24673283 DOI: 10.1021/nn501108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The risks and benefits of nanomaterials in foods and food contact materials receive conflicting international attention across expert stakeholder groups as well as in news media coverage and published research. Current nanomaterial characterization is complicated by the lack of accepted approaches to measure exposure-relevant occurrences of suspected nanomaterials in food and by broad definitions related to food processing and additive materials. Therefore, to improve understanding of risk and benefit, analytical methods are needed to identify what materials, new or traditional, are "nanorelevant" with respect to biological interaction and/or uptake during alimentary tract transit. Challenges to method development in this arena include heterogeneity in nanomaterial composition and morphology, food matrix complexity, alimentary tract diversity, and analytical method limitations. Clear problem formulation is required to overcome these and other challenges and to improve understanding of biological fate in facilitating the assessment of nanomaterial safety or benefit, including sampling strategies relevant to food production/consumption and alimentary tract transit. In this Perspective, we discuss critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed so that measurement methods can better inform risk management and public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Szakal
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8371, United States
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