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Li Y, Li S, Wu Y, Ma Y, Ji W, Sun Y, Shi K. Immobilization of two dendritic organic phases onto silica and their molecular shape recognition for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tocopherols and carotenoid isomers. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342156. [PMID: 38220288 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular shape selectivity, based on the size and shape parameters of the molecule, such as length and planarity, is a separation process that can be used for compounds with restricted shapes, such as isomers. The separation of geometric isomers is challenging because these compounds have similar physicochemical properties but differ slightly in molecular shape. The ability to separate and quantify these isomers is important in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which is one of the most widely used techniques in separation science today, because the shape of the molecule has a strong influence on biological processes. RESULTS We prepared symmetrical discoidal dendrimeric organomolecule gelators (GSDM) and o-phenylenediamine-derived low-molecular-weight dendrimeric organomolecule gelators (G1) and bonded them to silica surfaces. The dendritic organic compound-grafted silica (SiO2@GSDM and SiO2@G1) was used as HPLC stationary phases for the separation of shape-restricted isomers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carotenoids and tocopherols. The two phases exhibit a very high molecular shape selectivity compared to the commercially available alkyl phases. There are differences in molecular shape selectivity between the two stationary phases. Changes in the chemical structure of dendritic organic compounds can alter the orientation of the molecules, as well as changes in the molecular recognition ability. It was found that SiO2@GSDM has high molecular linear selectivity for PAHs at different temperatures, even at 50 °C. The planar selectivity of SiO2@GSDM was better for triphenylene and o-terphenyl benzenes compared to SiO2@G1. SIGNIFICANCE This separation behavior may be attributed to the combined effect of weak interaction centers, which allowed the effective separation of bioactive and shape-restricted isomers through multiple interactions. Furthermore, SiO2@GSDM showed better separation of tocopherols and carotenoids, suggesting that the backbone and ordered structure of organic molecular gelators is an effective way to improve the shape selectivity of the molecules, whereas the molecular orientation of the functional groups influences the separation mechanism of the shape-restricted isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Shaorong Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yongli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yulong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Wenxin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yonggang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Keren Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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Han H, Zhang Y, Lu R, Zhang M. An alternative approach for preparation of amide-embedded stationary phase for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mallik AK, Guragain S, Rahman MM, Takafuji M, Ihara H. L-Lysine-derived highly selective stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction chromatography: Effect of chain length on selectivity, efficiency, resolution, and asymmetry. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abul K. Mallik
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering and Technology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sudhina Guragain
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Kumamoto University; Japan (currently at Department of Earth and Planetary Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Mohammed Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering and Technology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Makoto Takafuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Kumamoto University; Japan (currently at Department of Earth and Planetary Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Kumamoto Institute for Photo-Electro Organics (Phoenics); Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Kumamoto University; Japan (currently at Department of Earth and Planetary Science; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Kumamoto Institute for Photo-Electro Organics (Phoenics); Japan
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Dai B, Zhou S, Zhang M, Han H, Qiu H. A versatile polar-embedded polyphenyl phase for multimodal separation in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1553:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Mallik AK, Noguchi H, Rahman MM, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Facile preparation of an alternating copolymer-based high molecular shape-selective organic phase for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1555:53-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mallik AK, Qiu H, Oishi T, Kuwahara Y, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Design of C18 Organic Phases with Multiple Embedded Polar Groups for Ultraversatile Applications with Ultrahigh Selectivity. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6614-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- Key
Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory
for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | - Yutaka Kuwahara
- Kumamoto Institute for Photo-Electro Organics (Phoenics), Kumamoto 862-0901, Japan
| | - Makoto Takafuji
- Kumamoto Institute for Photo-Electro Organics (Phoenics), Kumamoto 862-0901, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Kumamoto Institute for Photo-Electro Organics (Phoenics), Kumamoto 862-0901, Japan
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Mallik AK, Cheah WK, Shingo K, Ejzaki A, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Highly hydrophilic and nonionic poly(2-vinyloxazoline)-grafted silica: a novel organic phase for high-selectivity hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4585-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7868-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mallik AK, Qiu H, Takafuji M, Ihara H. Copolymer-grafted silica phase from a cation–anion monomer pair for enhanced separation in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3507-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Qiu H, Zhang M, Gu T, Takafuji M, Ihara H. A Sulfonic-Azobenzene-Grafted Silica Amphiphilic Material: A Versatile Stationary Phase for Mixed-Mode Chromatography. Chemistry 2013; 19:18004-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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