1
|
Feng X, Qi F, Wang H, Li W, Gan Y, Qi C, Lin Z, Chen L, Wang P, Hu Z, Miao Y. Sorting Technology for Mesenchymal Stem Cells from a Single Tissue Source. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:524-537. [PMID: 38112926 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can be obtained, enriched and proliferated in vitro. They owned enormous potential in fields like regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and immunomodulation. However, though isolated from the same origin, MSCs are still essentially heterogeneous cell populations with different phenotypes and functions. This heterogeneity of MSCs significantly affects their therapeutic efficacy and brings obstacles to scientific research. Thus, reliable sorting technology which can isolate or purify MSC subpopulations with various potential and differentiation pathways is urgently needed. This review summarized principles, application status and clinical implications for these sorting methods, aiming at improving the understanding of MSC heterogeneity as well as providing fresh perspectives for subsequent clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Feng
- The First Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Gan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Qi
- The First Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Piao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wiedmer SK, Riekkola ML. Field-flow fractionation - an excellent tool for fractionation, isolation and/or purification of biomacromolecules. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464492. [PMID: 37944435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Field-flow fractionation (FFF) with its several variants, has developed into a mature methodology. The scope of the FFF investigations has expanded, covering both a wide range of basic studies and especially a wide range of analytical applications. Special attention of this review is given to the achievements of FFF with reference to recent applications in the fractionation, isolation, and purification of biomacromolecules, and from which especially those of (in alphabetical order) bacteria, cells, extracellular vesicles, liposomes, lipoproteins, nucleic acids, and viruses and virus-like particles. In evaluating the major approaches and trends demonstrated since 2012, the most significant biomacromolecule applications are compiled in tables. It is also evident that asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation is by far the most dominant technique in the studies. The industry has also shown current interest in FFF and adopted it in some sophisticated fields. FFF, in combination with appropriate detectors, handles biomacromolecules in open channel in a gentle way due to the lack of shear forces and unwanted interactions caused by the stationary phase present in chromatography. In addition, in isolation and purification of biomacromolecules quite high yields can be achieved under optimal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Giordani S, Marassi V, Placci A, Zattoni A, Roda B, Reschiglian P. Field-Flow Fractionation in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Molecules 2023; 28:6201. [PMID: 37687030 PMCID: PMC10488451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Field-flow fractionation (FFF) is a family of single-phase separative techniques exploited to gently separate and characterize nano- and microsystems in suspension. These techniques cover an extremely wide dynamic range and are able to separate analytes in an interval between a few nm to 100 µm size-wise (over 15 orders of magnitude mass-wise). They are flexible in terms of mobile phase and can separate the analytes in native conditions, preserving their original structures/properties as much as possible. Molecular biology is the branch of biology that studies the molecular basis of biological activity, while biotechnology deals with the technological applications of biology. The areas where biotechnologies are required include industrial, agri-food, environmental, and pharmaceutical. Many species of biological interest belong to the operational range of FFF techniques, and their application to the analysis of such samples has steadily grown in the last 30 years. This work aims to summarize the main features, milestones, and results provided by the application of FFF in the field of molecular biology and biotechnology, with a focus on the years from 2000 to 2022. After a theoretical background overview of FFF and its methodologies, the results are reported based on the nature of the samples analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Placci
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy (V.M.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Danusso R, Rosati R, Possenti L, Lombardini E, Gigli F, Costantino ML, Ferrazzi E, Casagrande G, Lattuada D. Human umbilical cord blood cells suffer major modification by fixatives and anticoagulants. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1070474. [PMID: 37008002 PMCID: PMC10050555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1070474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Developing techniques for the tagless isolation of homogeneous cell populations in physiological-like conditions is of great interest in medical research. A particular case is Gravitational Field-Flow Fractionation (GrFFF), which can be run avoiding cell fixation, and that was already used to separate viable cells. Cell dimensions have a key role in this process. However, their dimensions under physiological-like conditions are not easily known since the most diffused measurement techniques are performed on fixed cells, and the fixation used to preserve tissues can alter the cell size. This work aims to obtain and compare cell size data under physiological-like conditions and in the presence of a fixative.Methods: We developed a new protocol that allows the analysis of blood cells in different conditions. Then, we applied it to obtain a dataset of human cord blood cell dimensions from 32 subjects, comparing two tubes with anticoagulants (EDTA and Citrate) and two tubes with different preservatives (CellRescue and CellSave). We analyzed a total of 2071 cells by using confocal microscopy via bio-imaging to assess dimensions (cellular and nuclear) and morphology.Results: Cell diameter measured does not differ when using the different anticoagulants, except for the increase reported for monocyte in the presence of citrate. Instead, cell dimensions differ when comparing anticoagulants and cell preservative tubes, with a few exceptions. Cells characterized by high cytoplasm content show a reduction in their size, while morphology appears always preserved. In a subgroup of cells, 3D reconstruction was performed. Cell and nucleus volumes were estimated using different methods (specific 3D tool or reconstruction from 2D projection).Discussion: We found that some cell types benefit from a complete 3D analysis because they contain non-spherical structures (mainly for cells characterized by poly-lobated nucleus). Overall, we showed the effect of the preservatives mixture on cell dimensions. Such an effect must be considered when dealing with problems highly dependent on cell size, such as GrFFF. Additionally, such information is crucial in computational models increasingly being employed to simulate biological events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Danusso
- Department of Women-Child-Newborn, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rosati
- Department of Women-Child-Newborn, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Possenti
- LaBS, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Lombardini
- Department of Women-Child-Newborn, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Gigli
- Department of Women-Child-Newborn, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Costantino
- LaBS, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Department of Women-Child-Newborn, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giustina Casagrande
- Department of Women-Child-Newborn, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- LaBS, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Lattuada
- Department of Women-Child-Newborn, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Debora Lattuada,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the major cause of death worldwide and show a higher prevalence in the adult population. The human umbilical cord consistsof two arteries and one vein, both composed of three tunics. The tunica intima, lined with endothelial cells, regulates vascular tone through the production/release of vasoregulatory substances. These substances can be vasoactive factors released by endothelial cells (ECs) that cause vasodilation (NO, PGI2, EDHF, and Bradykinin) or vasoconstriction (ET1, TXA2, and Ang II) depending on the cell type (ECs or SMC) that reacts to the stimulus. Vascular studies using ECs are important for the analysis of cardiovascular diseases since endothelial dysfunction is an important CVD risk factor. In this paper, we will address the morphological characteristics of the human umbilical cord and its component vessels. the constitution of the vascular endothelium, and the evolution of human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells when isolated. Moreover, the role played by the endothelium in the vasomotor tone regulation, and how it may be associated with the existence of CVD, were discussed.
Collapse
|
6
|
Casciaro F, Zia S, Forcato M, Zavatti M, Beretti F, Bertucci E, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Alviano F, Bonsi L, Follo MY, Demaria M, Roda B, Maraldi T. Unravelling Heterogeneity of Amplified Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Sub-Populations. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010158. [PMID: 33467440 PMCID: PMC7830644 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) are broadly multipotent immature progenitor cells with high self-renewal and no tumorigenic properties. These cells, even amplified, present very variable morphology, density, intracellular composition and stemness potential, and this heterogeneity can hinder their characterization and potential use in regenerative medicine. Celector® (Stem Sel ltd.) is a new technology that exploits the Non-Equilibrium Earth Gravity Assisted Field Flow Fractionation principles to characterize and label-free sort stem cells based on their solely physical characteristics without any manipulation. Viable cells are collected and used for further studies or direct applications. In order to understand the intrapopulation heterogeneity, various fractions of hAFSCs were isolated using the Celector® profile and live imaging feature. The gene expression profile of each fraction was analysed using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified significant differential expression in pathways related to Stemness, DNA repair, E2F targets, G2M checkpoint, hypoxia, EM transition, mTORC1 signalling, Unfold Protein Response and p53 signalling. These differences were validated by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and differentiation assays. Interestingly, the different fractions showed distinct and unique stemness properties. These results suggest the existence of deep intra-population differences that can influence the stemness profile of hAFSCs. This study represents a proof-of-concept of the importance of selecting certain cellular fractions with the highest potential to use in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Casciaro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (F.B.); (T.M.)
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy;
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Manuela Zavatti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (F.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (F.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Emma Bertucci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (F.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Matilde Yung Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-9450
| | - Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (F.B.); (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Makan AC, Spallek MJ, du Toit M, Klein T, Pasch H. Advanced analysis of polymer emulsions: Particle size and particle size distribution by field-flow fractionation and dynamic light scattering. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1442:94-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
8
|
Gravitational Field-Flow Fractionation Devices Fabricated via a Hot Embossing/Thermal Bonding Method. MICROMACHINES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/mi5020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|