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Li W, Gao C, Wang Y, Zuo H, Bian Y, Li C, Ma S, Shen Y, Ou J. Construction of adamantane-based monolithic column with three-dimensionally porous structure for small molecules separation and biosample analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1317:342900. [PMID: 39030004 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fabrication technique of capillary column is the key to the development and application of capillary liquid chromatography (cLC) to improve separation efficiency for analytes. The capillary monolithic column possessed three-dimensionally connected porous or channel structures. Unique porous structure endows excellent permeability and high performance in diverse fields, especially in separation. Thereinto, organic monolithic columns have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages of simple preparation and excellent biocompatibility. However, their separation selectivity needs to be further developed and regulated to apply the separation of more diverse samples. RESULTS A novel polymeric monolithic column was prepared via thermally initiated in situ copolymerization of 2-methyladamantan-2-yl acrylate (MADA) with ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate (DTTA) in fused silica. The prepared poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolith showed adjustable permeability, developed porous structure and high thermal stability. Consequently, it exhibited excellent separation capability of small molecules (alkylbenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Especially, when acetonitrile/water (60/40, v/v) was used as the mobile phase, the theoretical plate numbers reached 84,000 plates m-1 for butylbenzene at a linear velocity of 0.5 mm s-1. Most importantly, the hydrophobicity of the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolithic column was regulated via host-guest interaction between adamantyl group and cucurbit [7]uril (CB[7]). Additionally, the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolith was further adopted for the analysis of the tryptic digest of proteins from HeLa by cLC-MS/MS. The 33,783 unique peptides and 5,299 proteins were identified on the monolith, which exhibited great separation ability for complex samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Due to abundant pore structure and good chemical properties, the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolithic column exhibited high performance for the separations of small molecules and biological sample. Meanwhile, owing to the existence of adamantyl-group, CB[7] was immobilized on the poly(MADA-co-DTTA) monolithic column to fabricate poly(MADA-co-DTTA)-CB[7] by host-guest interaction. It is possible to adjust the surface chemistry of the monolithic materials to accommodate more complex analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Chunli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Haiyue Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China; Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
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Wang C, Liang Y, Zhao B, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Ethane-Bridged Hybrid Monolithic Column with Large Mesopores for Boosting Top-Down Proteomic Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6172-6179. [PMID: 35412811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Top-down proteomics is challenged by the high complexity of biological samples. The coelution of intact proteins results in overlapped mass spectra, and hence, an increased peak capacity for protein separation is needed. Herein, ethane-bridged hybrid monoliths with well-defined large mesopores were successfully prepared based on the sol-gel condensation of 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane and tetramethoxysilane, followed by two-step base etching of the Si-O-Si domain while maintaining the Si-C-C-Si domain in the structure. Relatively homogeneous macropores of 1.1 μm and large mesopores of 24 nm were obtained, permitting fast mass transfer of large molecules and efficient diffusion without obstruction. The use of less hydrophobic C1 ligand further sharpened the peak shape and improved peak capacity. A 120 cm-long capillary column was used for top-down proteomic analysis of E. coli lysates under low backpressure with 16 MPa. High peak capacity of 646 was achieved within 240 min gradient. With MS/MS analysis, 959 proteoforms corresponding to 263 proteins could be unambiguously identified from E. coli lysates in a single run. Furthermore, to illustrate the separation performance for large proteoforms, such monoliths were applied to top-down analysis of the SEC fraction of E. coli lysates with Mw ranging from 30 to 70 kDa. With highly effective separation, 347 large proteoforms with Mw higher than 30 kDa were detected in the single 75 min run. These results showed great potential for top-down proteomic analysis in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Liang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Correlation of the organic sorbents texture with chromatographic characteristics of monolithic HPLC columns based on 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Advancements in the preparation and application of monolithic silica columns for efficient separation in liquid chromatography. Talanta 2021; 224:121777. [PMID: 33379011 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fast and efficient separation remains a big challenge in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The need for higher efficiency and resolution in separation is constantly in demand. To achieve that, columns developed are rapidly moving towards having smaller particle sizes and internal diameters (i.d.). However, these parameters will lead to high back-pressure in the system and will burden the pumps of the HPLC instrument. To address this limitation, monolithic columns, especially silica-based monolithic columns have been introduced. These columns are being widely investigated for fast and efficient separation of a wide range of molecules. The present article describes the current methods developed to enhance the column efficiency of particle packed columns and how silica monolithic columns can act as an alternative in overcoming the low permeability of particle packed columns. The fundamental processes behind the fabrication of the monolith including the starting materials and the silica sol-gel process will be discussed. Different monolith derivatization and end-capping processes will be further elaborated and followed by highlights of the performance such monolithic columns in key applications in different fields with various types of matrices.
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Ma S, Li Y, Ma C, Wang Y, Ou J, Ye M. Challenges and Advances in the Fabrication of Monolithic Bioseparation Materials and their Applications in Proteomics Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902023. [PMID: 31502719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography integrated with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has become a powerful technique for proteomics research. Its performance heavily depends on the separation efficiency of HPLC, which in turn depends on the chromatographic material. As the "heart" of the HPLC system, the chromatographic material is required to achieve excellent column efficiency and fast analysis. Monolithic materials, fabricated as continuous supports with interconnected skeletal structure and flow-through pores, are regarded as an alternative to particle-packed columns. Such materials are featured with easy preparation, fast mass transfer, high porosity, low back pressure, and miniaturization, and are next-generation separation materials for high-throughput proteins and peptides analysis. Herein, the recent progress regarding the fabrication of various monolithic materials is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on studies of the fabrication of monolithic capillary columns and their applications in separation of biomolecules by capillary liquid chromatography (cLC). The applications of monolithic materials in the digestion, enrichment, and separation of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides from biological samples are also considered. Finally, advances in comprehensive 2D HPLC separations using monolithic columns are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chen Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Navarro-Huerta J, Carrasco-Correa E, Torres-Lapasió J, Herrero-Martínez J, García-Alvarez-Coque M. Modelling retention and peak shape of small polar solutes analysed by nano-HPLC using methacrylate-based monolithic columns. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1086:142-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Lin SL, Hsu JW, Fuh MR. Simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables by poly(vinylimidazole-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary liquid chromatography with UV detection. Talanta 2019; 205:120082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Lin SL, Fuh MR. Preparation and characterization of vinylimidazole-based polymer monolithic stationary phases for reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction capillary liquid chromatography. Talanta 2018; 187:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fulton KM, Li J, Tomas JM, Smith JC, Twine SM. Characterizing bacterial glycoproteins with LC-MS. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:203-216. [PMID: 29400572 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1435276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Though eukaryotic glycoproteins have been studied since their discovery in the 1930s, the first bacterial glycoprotein was not identified until the 1970s. As a result, their role in bacterial pathogenesis is still not well understood and they remain an understudied component of bacterial virulence. In recent years, mass spectrometry has emerged as a leading technology for the study of bacterial glycoproteins, largely due to its sensitivity and versatility. Areas covered: Identification and comprehensive characterization of bacterial glycoproteins usually requires multiple complementary mass spectrometry approaches, including intact protein analysis, top-down analysis, and bottom-up methods used in combination with specialized liquid chromatography. This review provides an overview of liquid chromatography separation technologies, as well as current and emerging mass spectrometry approaches used specifically for bacterial glycoprotein identification and characterization. Expert commentary: Bacterial glycoproteins may have significant clinical utility as a result of their unique structures and exposure on the surface of the cells. Better understanding of these glycoconjugates is an essential first step towards that goal. These often unique structures, and by extension the key enzymes involved in their synthesis, represent promising targets for novel antimicrobials, while unique carbohydrate structures may be used as antigens in vaccines or as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- a Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Jianjun Li
- a Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Juan M Tomas
- b Departament de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biologia , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- c Department of Chemistry , Carleton University , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Susan M Twine
- a Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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Fast preparation of hybrid monolithic columns via photo-initiated thiol-yne polymerization for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1538:8-16. [PMID: 29395162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although several approaches have been developed to fabricate hybrid monoliths, it would still take a few hours to finish the formation of monoliths. Herein, photo-initiated thiol-yne polymerization was first adopted to in situ fabricate hybrid monoliths within the confines of UV-transparent fused-silica capillary. A silicon-containing diyne (1,3-diethynyltetramethyl-disiloxane, DYDS) was copolymerized with three multithiols, 1,6-hexanedithiol, trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) and pentaerythriol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), by using a binary porogenic system of diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEGDE)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG200) within 10 min. Several characterizations of three hybrid monoliths (assigned as I, II and III, respectively) were performed. The results showed that these hybrid monoliths possessed bicontinuous porous structure, which was remarkably different from that via typical free-radical polymerization. The highest column efficiency of 76,000 plates per meter for butylbenzene was obtained on the column I in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). It was observed that the efficiencies for strong-retained butylbenzene were almost close to those of weak-retained benzene, indicating a retention-independent efficient performance of small molecules on hybrid column I. The surface area of this hybrid monolith was very small in the dry state (less than 10.0 m2/g), and the chromatographic behavior of hybrid monolithic columns would be possibly explained by radical-mediated step-growth process of thiol-yne polymerization. Finally, the column I was applied for separation of BSA tryptic digest by cLC-MS/MS, indicating satisfactory separation ability for complicated samples.
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11
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Quantification of 7-aminoflunitrazepam in human urine by polymeric monolith-based capillary liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 176:293-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Liu Y, Wang W, Jia M, Liu R, Liu Q, Xiao H, Li J, Xue Y, Wang Y, Yan C. Recent advances in microscale separation. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:8-33. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Jia
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Rangdong Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Han Xiao
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Unimicro (shanghai) Technologies Co., Ltd.; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yun Xue
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P. R. China
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Bai J, Ou J, Zhang H, Ma S, Shen Y, Ye M. Synthesis of polymeric monoliths via thiol-maleimide polymerization reaction for highly efficient chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1514:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Liu L, Yang K, Zhu X, Liang Y, Chen Y, Fang F, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Aptamer-immobilized open tubular capillary column to capture circulating tumor cells for proteome analysis. Talanta 2017; 175:189-193. [PMID: 28841977 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells hold the key to predicting the prognosis and discovering the therapeutic targets. Herein, we proposed a strategy to develop an aptamer-immobilized open tubular capillary column by which SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells (SMMC-7721 cells) could be captured with an over 70% of capture efficiency and a 3.0 ± 0.2 of enrichment factor. Owing to the compatibility of the column, the captured cells by the column could be analyzed by LC-MS from protein level and 5 unique proteins of SMMC-7721 cells were identified which could be used as markers to identify SMMC-7721 cells when Jurkat T-leukemia cells (Jurkat cells) were employed as interfering cells. As the key component, the aptamer-immobilized column had the potential to be integrated into the platform for separating, enriching and characterizing rare cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kaiguang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuanbo Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Blue LE, Franklin EG, Godinho JM, Grinias JP, Grinias KM, Lunn DB, Moore SM. Recent advances in capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1523:17-39. [PMID: 28599863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the twenty years since its initial demonstration, capillary ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has proven to be one of most powerful separation techniques for the analysis of complex mixtures. This review focuses on the most recent advances made since 2010 towards increasing the performance of such separations. Improvements in capillary column preparation techniques that have led to columns with unprecedented performance are described. New stationary phases and phase supports that have been reported over the past decade are detailed, with a focus on their use in capillary formats. A discussion on the instrument developments that have been required to ensure that extra-column effects do not diminish the intrinsic efficiency of these columns during analysis is also included. Finally, the impact of these capillary UHPLC topics on the field of proteomics and ways in which capillary UHPLC may continue to be applied to the separation of complex samples are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Blue
- Process Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Edward G Franklin
- HPLC Research & Development, Restek Corp., Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA
| | - Justin M Godinho
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Kaitlin M Grinias
- Department of Product Development & Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Daniel B Lunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Functionalization of hybrid monolithic columns via thiol-ene click reaction for proteomics analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Preparation of organic-silica hybrid monolithic columns via crosslinking of functionalized mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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HILIC Stationary Phase Based on Monodisperse-Porous Polymethacrylate Beads Functionalized with Zwitterionic Molecular Brushes. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Solid supports for extraction and preconcentration of proteins and peptides in microfluidic devices: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 955:1-26. [PMID: 28088276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Determination of proteins and peptides is among the main challenges of today's bioanalytical chemistry. The application of microchip technology in this field is an exhaustively developed concept that aims to create integrated and fully automated analytical devices able to quantify or detect one or several proteins from a complex matrix. Selective extraction and preconcentration of targeted proteins and peptides especially from biological fluids is of the highest importance for a successful realization of these microsystems. Incorporation of solid structures or supports is a convenient solution employed to face these demands. This review presents a critical view on the latest achievements in sample processing techniques for protein determination using solid supports in microfluidics. The study covers the period from 2006 to 2015 and focuses mainly on the strategies based on microbeads, monolithic materials and membranes. Less common approaches are also briefly discussed. The reviewed literature suggests future trends which are discussed in the concluding remarks.
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Chromatographic selectivity of poly(alkyl methacrylate- co -divinylbenzene) monolithic columns for polar aromatic compounds by pressure-driven capillary liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 939:117-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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D'Addio SM, Bothe JR, Neri C, Walsh PL, Zhang J, Pierson E, Mao Y, Gindy M, Leone A, Templeton AC. New and Evolving Techniques for the Characterization of Peptide Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2989-3006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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23
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Gauglitz G. ABC's spotlight on the nanoworld. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6235-7. [PMID: 27379393 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Günter Gauglitz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Moravcová D, Rantamäki AH, Duša F, Wiedmer SK. Monoliths in capillary electrochromatography and capillary liquid chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:880-912. [PMID: 26800083 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we have reviewed separation studies utilizing monolithic capillary columns for separation of compounds preceding MS analysis. The review is divided in two parts according to the used separation method, namely CEC and capillary LC (cLC). Based on our overview, monolithic CEC-MS technique have been more focused on the syntheses of highly specialized and selective separation phase materials for fast and efficient separation of specific types of analytes. In contrast, monolithic cLC-MS is more widely used and is often employed, for instance, in the analysis of oligonucleotides, metabolites, and peptides and proteins in proteomic studies. While poly(styrene-divinylbenzene)-based and silica-based monolithic capillaries found their place in proteomic analyses, the other laboratory-synthesized monoliths still wait for their wider utilization in routine analyses. The development of new monolithic materials will most likely continue due to the demand of more efficient and rapid separation of increasingly complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Moravcová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Filip Duša
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i, Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Fabrication of an ionic liquid-based macroporous polymer monolithic column via atom transfer radical polymerization for the separation of small molecules. Talanta 2016; 149:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Jiang H, Yuan H, Qu Y, Liang Y, Jiang B, Wu Q, Deng N, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Preparation of hydrophilic monolithic capillary column by in situ photo-polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone and acrylamide for highly selective and sensitive enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. Talanta 2016; 146:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Fresco-Cala B, Cárdenas S, Valcárcel M. Improved microextraction of selected triazines using polymer monoliths modified with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Zhang H, Ou J, Liu Z, Wang H, Wei Y, Zou H. Preparation of Hybrid Monolithic Columns via “One-Pot” Photoinitiated Thiol–Acrylate Polymerization for Retention-Independent Performance in Capillary Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Key Laboratory
of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory
of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory
of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of
Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- Key Laboratory
of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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29
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Chen L, Ou J, Liu Z, Lin H, Wang H, Dong J, Zou H. Fast preparation of a highly efficient organic monolith via photo-initiated thiol-ene click polymerization for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Lin SL, Wu YR, Lin TY, Fuh MR. Preparation and evaluation of poly(alkyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic columns for separating polar small molecules by capillary liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 871:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Monolithic capillary columns based on silica and zirconium oxides for use in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Liu Z, Ou J, Lin H, Liu Z, Wang H, Dong J, Zou H. Photoinduced thiol–ene polymerization reaction for fast preparation of macroporous hybrid monoliths and their application in capillary liquid chromatography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9288-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Li G. Porous molecularly imprinted monolithic capillary column for on-line extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for trace analysis of antimicrobials in food samples. Talanta 2014; 123:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Preparation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-based hybrid monolith by ring-opening polymerization and post-functionalization via thiol-ene click reaction. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1342:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Collins DA, Nesterenko EP, Paull B. Porous layer open tubular columns in capillary liquid chromatography. Analyst 2014; 139:1292-302. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01869e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Kubo T, Tanigawa T, Tominaga Y, Hosoya K, Otsuka K. Rapid separations by LC using ion-exchange media based on spongy monoliths. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2813-8. [PMID: 23765523 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel sponge-based monoliths containing ionic functional groups were developed for rapid separation and/or concentration of ionic solutes. The cationic and anionic spongy monoliths were prepared by chemical modifications of the pore surface on an original spongy monolith consisting of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate). After hydrolysis of the spongy monolith, an anionic or a cationic moiety was introduced with succinyl chloride or acryloyl chloride/diethylamine, respectively. As a result of liquid chromatographic evaluations for the columns packed with these ionic spongy monoliths, both anionic and cationic monoliths showed ionic interactions with the opposing ionic solutes even if a higher flow rate (9.0 mL/min) was employed. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effective and rapid preconcentration of adenosine 5'-monophosphate in water using column-switching LC combined with the cationic spongy monolith as an online SPE adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kubo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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37
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Ramírez-Palomino P, Fernández-Romero JM, Gómez-Hens A. Rapid chromatographic determination of caseins in milk with photometric and fluorimetric detection using a hydrophobic monolithic column. Food Chem 2013; 142:249-54. [PMID: 24001838 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic methods using a hydrophobic C18 monolithic column and on-line photometric and fluorimetric detection for the determination of the major casein (CN) proteins in milk are presented. The separation of αs1-CN, αs2-CN, β-CN and κ-CN was achieved in only five minutes. Fluorimetric detection enabled better analytical results than photometric detection. Thus, the dynamic ranges of the calibration graphs and detection limits obtained using fluorimetric detection were (mgmL(-)(1)): αs1-CN (0.74-10.0, 0.22), αs2-CN (0.15-10.0, 0.045), β-CN (0.68-10.0, 0.20) and κ-CN (0.21-10.0, 0.06). The analytical features of the photometric method, which does not allow the quantification of β-casein, were (mgmL(-)(1)): αs1-CN (1.5-9.0, 0.45), αs2-CN (1.4-10.0, 0.43) and κ-CN (0.4-9.0, 0.12). Precision data, expressed as relative standard deviation, ranged between 0.6% and 5.3% for the fluorimetric method and between 2.4% and 6.2% for the photometric method. Both methods were applied to the analysis of three different milk samples, obtaining recoveries in the ranges of 86.6-103.2% and 92.0-106.5% using fluorimetric and photometric detection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ramírez-Palomino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry (IUQFN-UCO), Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie Building (Annex), University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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38
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Vuignier K, Fekete S, Carrupt PA, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Comparison of various silica-based monoliths for the analysis of large biomolecules†. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2231-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Vuignier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
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