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Javadian S, Saraji M, Shahvar A. Combination of online hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction with smartphone-based sensing for in situ formaldehyde assay in fabric and wastewater samples. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:329. [PMID: 38743300 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A miniaturized analytical methodology was introduced based on the combination of a direct and online hollow fiber microextraction method with smartphone color detection. The method was used for the determination of formaldehyde (target analyte) in fabric and wastewater samples. In this regard, two reagents including ammonium acetate buffer and acetylacetone were added to the formaldehyde samples to create a colored compound. The colored compound was extracted from the sample by using the hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction method, the extracted phase was not taken out of the extraction box and was directly transferred into a specially designed detection cell, and a smartphone was applied for in-situ color sensing and data readout. This combination gathered the advantages of both state-of-the-art microextraction techniques and smartphone sensing. Formaldehyde, as a carcinogenic compound widely used in paint and clothing industries, was selected as a model test. Factors affecting extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized, including the type of organic solvents, reagent concentration, salt, pH, stirring speed, reaction temperature, and extraction time. The linear region of the method under optimal conditions was 40-1500 µg L-1 for wastewater samples and 0.3-11.2 mg kg-1 for fabrics. The limit of detection and limit of qualification were 13 and 40 µg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations for concentrations of 100 and 1000 µg L-1 were 6% and 4%, respectively. To evaluate the application of the method for real samples, types of fabric and two samples of oil refinery wastewater were selected. The relative recovery in real samples was 84-98%. The results of the analytical parameters of the method show that the developed method can be used as an efficient method to determine formaldehyde in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Javadian
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saraji
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Ali Shahvar
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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2
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Sahragard A, Dvořák M, J. Carrasco-Correa E, Varanasupakul P, Kubáň P, Miró M. Programmable Millifluidic Platform Integrating Automatic Electromembrane Extraction Cleanup and In-Line Electrochemical Detection: A Proof of Concept. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3161-3168. [PMID: 36200176 PMCID: PMC9623577 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A fully automatic millifluidic sensing platform coupling in-line nonsupported microelectromembrane extraction (μ-EME) with electrochemical detection (ECD) is herein proposed for the first time. Exploiting the features of the second generation of flow analysis, termed sequential injection (SI), the smart integration of SI and μ-EME-ECD enables (i) the repeatable formation of microvolumes of phases for the extraction step in a membrane-less (nonsupported) arrangement, (ii) diverting the acceptor plug to the ECD sensing device, (iii) in-line pH adjustment before the detection step, and (iv) washing of the platform for efficient removal of remnants of wetting film solvent, all entirely unsupervised. The real-life applicability of the miniaturized sensing system is studied for in-line sample cleanup and ECD of diclofenac as a model analyte after μ-EME of urine as a complex biological sample. A comprehensive study of the merits and the limitations of μ-EME solvents on ECD is presented. Under the optimal experimental conditions using 14 μL of unprocessed urine as the donor, 14 μL of 1-nonanol as the organic phase, and 14 μL of 25 mM NaOH as the acceptor in a 2.4 mm ID PTFE tubing, an extraction voltage of 250 V, and an extraction time of 10 min, an absolute (mass) extraction recovery of 48% of diclofenac in urine is obtained. The proposed flow-through system is proven to efficiently remove the interfering effect of predominantly occurring organic species in human urine on ECD with RSD% less than 8.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sahragard
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, BrnoCZ-60200, Czech Republic
| | - Enrique J. Carrasco-Correa
- CLECEM
group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
| | - Pakorn Varanasupakul
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, BrnoCZ-60200, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE
Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes BalearsE-07122, Spain,
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3
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Ferrofluids-based microextraction systems to process organic and inorganic targets: The state-of-the-art advances and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Analysis of basic drugs in biological samples using dynamic single-interface hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with fast electromembrane extraction. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Trujillo‐Rodríguez MJ, Pino V, Miró M. High‐throughput microscale extraction using ionic liquids and derivatives: A review. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1890-1907. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Pino
- Departamento de Química (Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica)Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) Tenerife Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de CanariasUniversidad de La Laguna (ULL) Tenerife Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI‐TRACE group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of the Balearic Islands Palma Spain
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Javier Carrasco-Correa E, Kubáň P, Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Miró M. Fully Automated Electric-Field-Driven Liquid Phase Microextraction System with Renewable Organic Membrane As a Front End to High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10808-10815. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David J. Cocovi-Solberg
- FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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7
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Worawit C, Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Varanusupakul P, Miró M. In-line carbon nanofiber reinforced hollow fiber-mediated liquid phase microextraction using a 3D printed extraction platform as a front end to liquid chromatography for automatic sample preparation and analysis: A proof of concept study. Talanta 2018; 185:611-619. [PMID: 29759249 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel concept for automation of nanostructured hollow-fiber supported microextraction, combining the principles of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and sorbent microextraction synergically, using mesofluidic platforms is proposed herein for the first time, and demonstrated with the determination of acidic drugs (namely, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, diclofenac and naproxen) in urine as a proof-of-concept applicability. Dispersed carbon nanofibers (CNF) are immobilized in the pores of a single-stranded polypropylene hollow fiber (CNF@HF) membrane, which is thereafter accommodated in a stereolithographic 3D-printed extraction chamber without glued components for ease of assembly. The analytical method involves continuous-flow extraction of the acidic drugs from a flowing stream donor (pH 1.7) into an alkaline stagnant acceptor (20 mmol L-1 NaOH) containing 10% MeOH (v/v) across a dihexyl ether impregnated CNF@HF membrane. The flow setup features entire automation of the microextraction process including regeneration of the organic film and on-line injection of the analyte-laden acceptor phase after downstream neutralization into a liquid chromatograph (LC) for reversed-phase core-shell column-based separation. Using a 12-cm long CNF@HF and a sample volume of 6.4 mL, linear dynamic ranges of ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ibuprofen, taken as models of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, spanned from ca. 5-15 µg L-1 to 500 µg L-1 with enhancement factors of 43-97 (against a direct injection of 10 µL standards into LC), and limits of detection from 1.6 to 4.3 µg L-1. Relative recoveries in real urine samples ranged from 97% to 105%, thus demonstrating the reliability of the automatic CNF@HF-LPME method for in-line matrix clean-up and determination of drugs in urine at therapeutically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanatda Worawit
- Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - David J Cocovi-Solberg
- FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pakorn Varanusupakul
- Chemical Approaches for Food Applications Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and
New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingliang Xie
- Institute of Nuclear and
New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Non-conventional solvents in liquid phase microextraction and aqueous biphasic systems. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1500:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Pimparu R, Nitiyanontakit S, Miró M, Varanusupakul P. Dynamic single-interface hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction of Cr(VI) using ionic liquid containing supported liquid membrane. Talanta 2016; 161:730-734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Giakisikli G, Anthemidis AN. An automatic stirring-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction system based on lab-in-syringe platform for on-line atomic spectrometric determination of trace metals. Talanta 2016; 166:364-368. [PMID: 28213247 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel simple fully automatic on-line magnetic stirring-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method, based on the lab-in-syringe (LIS) concept, has been developed as an alternative approach for sample pretreatment and atomic spectrometric assays. The analytical process includes the in-syringe reaction of the metal ion with the chelating reagent, the analyte micro-extraction and the subsequent transportation of the extractant to the detection system for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric (ETAAS) quantification. This novel platform has been demonstrated for trace silver determination in various types of water samples. The method is linear from 19 to 450ngL-1 using a small volume of extraction solvent of 120μL. The entire procedure is accomplished within 240s resulting in a sampling frequency of 15h-1. The enhancement factor is 80, while the detection limit and the precision are 5.7ngL-1 and 3.3%, respectively. The developed method was evaluated by analyzing standard reference materials and spiked water samples with satisfactory recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Giakisikli
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Aristidis N Anthemidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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12
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Automation of static and dynamic non-dispersive liquid phase microextraction. Part 1: Approaches based on extractant drop-, plug-, film- and microflow-formation. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 906:22-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Alexovič M, Horstkotte B, Solich P, Sabo J. Automation of static and dynamic non-dispersive liquid phase microextraction. Part 2: Approaches based on impregnated membranes and porous supports. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 907:18-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Sereshti H, Vasheghani Farahani M, Baghdadi M. Trace determination of chromium(VI) in environmental water samples using innovative thermally reduced graphene (TRG) modified SiO2 adsorbent for solid phase extraction and UV–vis spectrophotometry. Talanta 2016; 146:662-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Li P, He M, Chen B, Hu B. Automated dynamic hollow fiber liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis for speciation of mercury in biological and environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1415:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Mitani C, Anthemidis AN. An automatic countercurrent liquid–liquid micro-extraction system coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry for metal determination. Talanta 2015; 133:77-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Wang SR, Wang S. Ionic liquid-based hollow fiber-supported liquid-phase microextraction enhanced electrically for the determination of neutral red. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:418-424. [PMID: 28911455 PMCID: PMC9355005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A method of ionic liquid-based hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction enhanced electrically was successfully developed and applied to the extraction and determination of neutral red (NR) dye, which was selected as the model analyte. A room temperature ionic liquid, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim][PF6]), was placed in the pores of a polytetrafluoethylene hollow fiber, which acts as a liquid membrane and the acceptor solution. The extraction parameters affecting the enrichment factor of NR, such as pH, extraction time, elution time, stirring rate, and the voltage were optimized. In addition, UV–Visible (UV–Vis) or electrochemiluminescence spectra were also determined. The extraction rate and capacity of NR could be improved significantly by cathodic polarization. Under the optimized extraction conditions (organic liquid microextraction phase [C8mim][PF6], pH 7, stirring rate 300 rpm, extraction time 20 minutes, ultrasonic-assisted elution time 3 minutes, voltage −70 V), the detection limit of 0.38 μg/L and linear correlation coefficient of r > 0.99 were obtained. The established method was successfully applied to the analysis of three soft drink samples, which were spiked with NR standards at the concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/L, and satisfactory results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ru Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Sui Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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19
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Hu L, Li S, Zhang P, Yang X, Yang M, Lu R, Gao H. Nonwoven polypropylene as a novel extractant phase holder for the determination of insecticides in environmental water samples. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2545-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Songqing Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Panjie Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Miyi Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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Applications of liquid-phase microextraction in the sample preparation of environmental solid samples. Molecules 2014; 19:6776-808. [PMID: 24858267 PMCID: PMC6271381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact.
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Ho TD, Zhang C, Hantao LW, Anderson JL. Ionic liquids in analytical chemistry: fundamentals, advances, and perspectives. Anal Chem 2013; 86:262-85. [PMID: 24205989 DOI: 10.1021/ac4035554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tien D Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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