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Błońska D, Kłodzińska E, Buszewski B. Fractionation of bacteria by electrophoresis as pre-separation method before MALDI-MS detection. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1165-1176. [PMID: 37171810 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study attempted to apply the capillary electrophoresis technique for the fractionation and separation of S. Staphylococcus hominis and Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from urine samples and the detection of migrated fraction with spectrometric method. This involved the selection of suitable conditions for separation as well as the identification of pathogens. The result of the research was the separation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as their subsequent identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using two different approaches (culture of fractions on an agar plate and direct analysis of the collected fractions). The preliminary results provide a solid basis for further research on the use of electromigration techniques with LDI detection to identify pathogens such as bacteria and viruses in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Błońska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Kłodzińska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies - BioSep, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Buszewski B, Błońska D, Kłodzińska E, Konop M, Kubesová A, Šalplachta J. Determination of Pathogens by Electrophoretic and Spectrometric Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37326587 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2219748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In modern medical diagnostics, where analytical chemistry plays a key role, fast and accurate identification of pathogens is becoming increasingly important. Infectious diseases pose a growing threat to public health due to population growth, international air travel, bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and other factors. For instance, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples is a key tool to monitor the spread of the disease. While there are several techniques for identifying pathogens by their genetic code, most of these methods are too expensive or slow to effectively analyze clinical and environmental samples that may contain hundreds or even thousands of different microbes. Standard approaches (e.g., culture media and biochemical assays) are known to be very time- and labor-intensive. The purpose of this review paper is to highlight the problems associated with the analysis and identification of pathogens that cause many serious infections. Special attention was paid to the description of mechanisms and the explanation of the phenomena and processes occurring on the surface of pathogens as biocolloids (charge distribution). This review also highlights the importance of electromigration techniques and demonstrates their potential for pathogen pre-separation and fractionation and demonstrates the use of spectrometric methods, such as MALDI-TOF MS, for their detection and identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Prof. Jan Czochralski Kuyavian-Pomeranian Research & Development Centre, Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland
| | - Dominika Błońska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Kłodzińska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Konop
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kubesová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šalplachta
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
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Capillary isoelectric focusing – The role of markers of isoelectric point and recent applications in the field. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Lian DS, Zhao SJ. Capillary electrophoresis based on nucleic acid detection for diagnosing human infectious disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 54:707-38. [PMID: 26352354 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid transmission, high morbidity, and mortality are the features of human infectious diseases caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. These diseases may lead within a short period of time to great personal and property losses, especially in regions where sanitation is poor. Thus, rapid diagnoses are vital for the prevention and therapeutic intervention of human infectious diseases. Several conventional methods are often used to diagnose infectious diseases, e.g. methods based on cultures or morphology, or biochemical tests based on metabonomics. Although traditional methods are considered gold standards and are used most frequently, they are laborious, time consuming, and tedious and cannot meet the demand for rapid diagnoses. Disease diagnosis using capillary electrophoresis methods has the advantages of high efficiency, high throughput, and high speed, and coupled with the different nucleic acid detection strategies overcomes the drawbacks of traditional identification methods, precluding many types of false positive and negative results. Therefore, this review focuses on the application of capillary electrophoresis based on nucleic detection to the diagnosis of human infectious diseases, and offers an introduction to the limitations, advantages, and future developments of this approach.
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Pomastowski P, Railean-Plugaru V, Buszewski B. Microbial Analysis of Escherichia coli ATCC, Lactobacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Capillary Electrophoresis Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1483:393-406. [PMID: 27645746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6403-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection and identification of microorganisms is a challenging and important aspect in many areas of our life, beginning with medicine, ending with industry. Unfortunately, classical methods of microorganisms identification are based on time-consuming and labor-intensive approaches. Screening techniques require rapid and cheap grouping of bacterial isolates; however, modern bioanalytics demands comprehensive bacterial studies on molecular level. The new approach to the rapid identification of bacteria is to use the electromigration techniques, especially capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). CZE is an important technique used in the analysis of microorganisms. However, the analysis of microbial complexes using this technology still encounters several problems-uncontrolled aggregation and/or adhesion to the capillary surface. One way to resolve this issue is the CZE analysis of microbial cell with surface charge modification by bivalent metal ions (e.g., Ca(2+) aq, Zn aq). Under the above conditions, bacterial cells create compact aggregates, and fewer high-intensity signals are observed in electropherograms. The chapter presents the capillary electrophoresis of microbial aggregates approach with UV and one-dimensional intact cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICM MS) detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pomastowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, Torun, 87-100, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, Torun, 87-100, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, Torun, 87-100, Poland.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, Torun, 87-100, Poland.
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Šalplachta J, Kubesová A, Horký J, Matoušková H, Tesařová M, Horká M. Characterization of Dickeya and Pectobacterium species by capillary electrophoretic techniques and MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7625-35. [PMID: 26229029 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dickeya and Pectobacterium species represent an important group of broad-host-range phytopathogens responsible for blackleg and soft rot diseases on numerous plants including many economically important plants. Although these species are commonly detected using cultural, serological, and molecular methods, these methods are sometimes insufficient to classify the bacteria correctly. On that account, this study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of three individual analytical techniques, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), for reliable classification of Dickeya and Pectobacterium species. Forty-three strains, representing different Dickeya and Pectobacterium species, namely Dickeya dianthicola, Dickeya dadantii, Dickeya dieffenbachiae, Dickeya chrysanthemi, Dickeya zeae, Dickeya paradisiaca, Dickeya solani, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Pectobacterium atrosepticum, were selected for this purpose. Furthermore, the selected bacteria included one strain which could not be classified using traditional microbiological methods. Characterization of the bacteria was based on different pI values (CIEF), migration velocities (CZE), or specific mass fingerprints (MALDI-TOF MS) of intact cells. All the examined strains, including the undetermined bacterium, were characterized and classified correctly into respective species. MALDI-TOF MS provided the most reliable results in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Šalplachta
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Kubesová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Horký
- Division of Diagnostics, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Šlechtitelů 23, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Matoušková
- Division of Diagnostics, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Šlechtitelů 23, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Tesařová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Horká
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v. v. i., Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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