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Siddiqui N, Saifi A, Chaudhary A, Tripathi PN, Chaudhary A, Sharma A. Multifaceted Neuroprotective Role of Punicalagin: A Review. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1427-1436. [PMID: 38085406 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are currently afflicted with neurologic conditions like a seizure, depression, stress, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. However, the precise etiopathology of these diseases is still unknown. Substantial studies are being conducted to discover more treatments against these disorders because many patients do not experience the therapeutic benefits that would be expected from using existing pharmaceutical strategies. Herbal medicines which have been used in traditional medicine for millennia to treat various neurological problems are also being investigated and scientifically assessed. Punicalagin is a known polyphenol that has significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-proliferative, and anti-cancer properties. Around the world, traditional use of herbal drugs is gaining wider acceptance as a part of complementary and alternative medicine. The scientific community should pay attention to these many neuroprotective pharmacodynamic activities of Punicalagin to create effective pharmacotherapeutic plans, as evidenced by mounting data in pre-clinical research investigations. The current review describes the recent studies on the pharmacological effects of Punicalagin in a variety of neurological illnesses and paves the way for further study in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India.
| | - Alimuddin Saifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Anurag Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Ankit Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, 250005, India
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Polcaro LM, Samani MR, Piacente S, Masullo M. Development of a New Extraction Method for Pomegranate and Metabolite Profiling by a LC-MS and 1H NMR Combined Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1429. [PMID: 38790729 PMCID: PMC11120047 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) market has steadily grown due to the increasing demand of health-conscious consumers of products with health-promoting effects. Recently, a growing interest in developing ecological and environmentally friendly extraction methods has led to investigating extraction procedures to obtain a higher extraction yield using a lower amount of solvents and energy. Herein, a new extraction procedure was developed to obtain an enriched pomegranate food supplement by using the peels of pomegranate, cultivar "Dente di Cavallo" and its juice. The extraction was performed through a non-conventional extraction technique like SLDE-Naviglio using ethanol and pomegranate juice as a solvent, and peels as a matrix. The extract was analysed by a combined approach based on LCESI/QExactive/MS/MS and NMR analysis, and its chemical profile was compared with those of pomegranate juice and of the extract obtained from peels by SLDE-Naviglio by using ethanol:H2O. The LC-MS analysis highlighted the presence of hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and phenol glucoside derivatives, while 1H NMR analysis completed the profile by detecting the primary metabolites. The LC-MS and 1H NMR analysis indicated that the extract obtained by SLDE-Naviglio using ethanol and pomegranate juice was enriched in the bioactives as confirmed by the highest phenolic, tannin and flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maria Polcaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Marzieh Rahmani Samani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
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Brook MA. Functional silicone oils and elastomers: new routes lead to new properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12813-12829. [PMID: 37818662 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03531j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicones are mostly utilized for their stability to a range of vigorous environmental conditions, which arises, in part, from the lack of functionality in finished products. The commonly used functional groups in silicones, e.g., SiH, SiCHCH2, are mostly consumed during final product synthesis. Organic functional groups may also be found in silicone products, including organic alcohols, amines, polyethers, etc., that deliver functionality not achieved by traditional organic polymers (e.g., aminosilicones, softening of fabrics; silicone polyethers, superwetting agricultural adjuvants). However, relatively little organic chemistry is practiced in commercial silicones, limiting the types of desirable functionality that can be attained. We report the utilization of a series of simple-to-practice organic reactions that take place efficiently on silicone oils to allow the preparation of a wide variety of functional silicones. The silicone oil starting materials typically act as both solvent and educt to allow many of the newer reactions, such as Click processes, to be used to tune the properties of both silicone oil and elastomer products. The review considers the concept of 'functionality' to include: the reactive groups used to enable synthesis of more complicated structures; and separately, the functional properties of the product silicones. One such property that is considered throughout is degradability at end-of-life, which is related to the sustainability of silicones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
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Kim YM, Lubinska-Szczygeł M, Park YS, Deutsch J, Ezra A, Luksrikul P, Beema Shafreen RM, Gorinstein S. Characterization of Bioactivity of Selective Molecules in Fruit Wines by FTIR and NMR Spectroscopies, Fluorescence and Docking Calculations. Molecules 2023; 28:6036. [PMID: 37630288 PMCID: PMC10457986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies were applied to characterize and compare the chemical shifts in the polyphenols' regions of some fruit wines. The obtained results showed that FTIR spectra (1800-900 cm-1) and 1H NMR (δ 6.5-9.3 ppm) of different fruit wines can be used as main indices of the year of vintage and quality of fruit wines. In addition to the classical determination of antioxidant profiles and bioactive substances in wines, fluorometric measurements were used to determine the interactions of wine substances with the main human serum proteins. The results showed relatively high binding properties of wines with the highest one for pomegranate, followed by kiwifruit and persimmon wines. The interactions of vitamin C, catechin and gallic acid with human serum albumin (HSA) were also examined by docking studies. The docking calculations showed that gallic acid has a stronger binding affinity compared to catechin and vitamin C. The stronger binding affinity of gallic acid may be due to three hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions. The fluorescence and docking studies proved that only the bioactive compounds of wines and not the amount of alcohol have high binding properties to human serum proteins. The emphasis in this report was made on the utility of FTIR, NMR and fluorescence of wines as a mean of wine authentication and its fingerprint. The findings, based on polyphenols from fruits and fruit wines, their bioactivity and health properties, offer valuable insights for future endeavours focused on designing healthy food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mo Kim
- Industry Academic Collaboration Foundation, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju 62396, Republic of Korea;
| | - Martyna Lubinska-Szczygeł
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Yong-Seo Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joseph Deutsch
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (J.D.); (A.E.)
| | - Aviva Ezra
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (J.D.); (A.E.)
| | - Patraporn Luksrikul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Raja Mohamed Beema Shafreen
- Dr Umayal Ramanathan College for Women, Alagappa University, Alagappapuram, Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (J.D.); (A.E.)
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Girelli CR, Papadia P, Pagano F, Miglietta PP, Cardinale M, Rustioni L. Metabolomic NMR analysis and organoleptic perceptions of pomegranate wines: Influence of cultivar and yeast on the product characteristics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16774. [PMID: 37313136 PMCID: PMC10258421 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are a historical agricultural product of the Mediterranean basin that became increasingly popular in the latest years for being rich in antioxidants and other micronutrients, and are extensively commercialized as fruits, juice, jams and, in some Eastern countries, as a fermented alcoholic beverage. In this work, four different pomegranate wines specifically designed using combinations of two cultivars (Jolly Red and Smith) and two yeast starters with markedly different characteristics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Clos and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ex-bayanus EC1118) were analyzed. The chemical characterization of the wines together with the originating unfermented juices was performed by 1H NMR spectroscopy metabolomic analysis. The full spectra were used for unsupervised and supervised statistical multivariate analysis (MVA), namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), and sparse PCA (SPCA). The MVA of the wines showed a clear discrimination between the cultivars, and a smaller, yet significant, discrimination between the yeasts used. In particular, a higher content of citrate and gallate was observed for the Smith cv. and, on the contrary, a statistically significant higher content of fructose, malate, glycerol, 2,3 butanediol, trigonelline, aromatic amino acids and 4-hydrophenylacetate was observed in Jolly Red pomegranate wines samples. Significant interaction among the pomegranate cultivar and the fermenting yeast was also observed. Sensorial analysis was performed by a panel of testing experts. MVA of tasting data showed that the cultivar significantly affected the organoleptic parameters considered, while the yeast had a minor impact. Correlation analysis between NMR-detected metabolites and organoleptic descriptors identified several potential sensorially-active molecules as those significantly impacting the characteristics of the pomegranate wines.
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Barbalinardo M, Giannelli M, Forcini L, Luppi B, Donnadio A, Navacchia ML, Ruani G, Sotgiu G, Aluigi A, Zamboni R, Posati T. Eco-Sustainable Silk Fibroin/Pomegranate Peel Extract Film as an Innovative Green Material for Skin Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6805. [PMID: 35743248 PMCID: PMC9224408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin disorders are widespread around the world, affecting people of all ages, and oxidative stress represents one of the main causes of alteration in the normal physiological parameters of skin cells. In this work, we combined a natural protein, fibroin, with antioxidant compounds extracted in water from pomegranate waste. We demonstrate the effective and facile fabrication of bioactive and eco-sustainable films of potential interest for skin repair. The blended films are visually transparent (around 90%); flexible; stable in physiological conditions and in the presence of trypsin for 12 days; able to release the bioactive compounds in a controlled manner; based on Fickian diffusion; and biocompatible towards the main skin cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production tests demonstrated the high capacity of our films to reduce the oxidative stress induced in cells, which is responsible for various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Barbalinardo
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (CNR-ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Marta Giannelli
- National Research Council, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (CNR-ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (L.F.); (M.L.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Ludovica Forcini
- National Research Council, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (CNR-ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (L.F.); (M.L.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Barbara Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Anna Donnadio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Navacchia
- National Research Council, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (CNR-ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (L.F.); (M.L.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Giampiero Ruani
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (CNR-ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- National Research Council, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (CNR-ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (L.F.); (M.L.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Urbino, Piazza del Rinascimento 06, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy;
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- National Research Council, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (CNR-ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (L.F.); (M.L.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Tamara Posati
- National Research Council, Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (CNR-ISOF), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (L.F.); (M.L.N.); (G.S.)
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Xu P, Xu L, Huang S, Li D, Liu Y, Guo H, Dai N, Hong Z, Zhong S. Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of Punicalagin in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Computer-Aided Drug Research Technology. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6121-6132. [PMID: 35224375 PMCID: PMC8867547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to explore the effect and potential mechanism of Punicalagin (Pun) in managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on computer-aided drug technology. The following methods were used: the intersection genes of Pun and AD were retrieved from the database and subjected to PPI analysis, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses. Preliminary verification was performed by molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and combined free energy calculation. The motor coordination and balance ability, anxiety degree, spatial learning, and memory ability of mice were measured by a rotating rod fatigue instrument, elevated cross maze, and Y maze, respectively. The amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the hippocampus was examined by immunohistochemistry, and the phosphorylation of serine at position 404 of the tau protein (Tau-pS404) was examined by western blot in the mouse brain. The PPI network of Pun showed that the intersection genes were closely related and enriched in muscle cell proliferation and the response to lipopolysaccharide. Results of molecular docking, MD simulations, and MM-GBSA demonstrated that Pun was closely bound to the target protein. Pun could improve the cognitive function of AD mice, as well as reduce Aβ1-42 deposition and Tau phosphorylation in the brain (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It can be concluded that Pun holds great promise in improving the cognitive function of AD mice. Mechanistically, Pun potentially acts on ALB, AKT1, SRC, EGFR, CASP3, and IGF-1 targets and mediates proteoglycan, lipid, and atherosclerosis in cancer, so as to reduce the accumulation of neurotoxic proteins in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Wannan
Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing
Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | | | - Danfeng Li
- Wannan
Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | | | | | - Niuniu Dai
- Wannan
Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Venusova E, Kolesarova A, Horky P, Slama P. Physiological and Immune Functions of Punicalagin. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072150. [PMID: 34201484 PMCID: PMC8308219 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this publication is to compile a summary of the findings regarding punicalagin in various tissues described thus far in the literature, with an emphasis on the effect of this substance on immune reactions. Punicalagin (PUN) is an ellagitannin found in the peel of pomegranate (Punica granatum). It is a polyphenol with proven antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic and chemopreventive activities, antiproliferative activity against tumor cells; it inhibits inflammatory pathways and the action of toxic substances, and is highly tolerated. This work describes the source, metabolism, functions and effects of punicalagin, its derivatives and metabolites. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Venusova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Adriana Kolesarova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-545133146
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Antifungal Activity and DNA Topoisomerase Inhibition of Hydrolysable Tannins from Punica granatum L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084175. [PMID: 33920681 PMCID: PMC8073005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) fruit is known to be an important source of bioactive phenolic compounds belonging to hydrolysable tannins. Pomegranate extracts have shown antifungal activity, but the compounds responsible for this activity and their mechanism/s of action have not been completely elucidated up to now. The aim of the present study was the investigation of the inhibition ability of a selection of pomegranate phenolic compounds (i.e., punicalagin, punicalin, ellagic acid, gallic acid) on both plant and human fungal pathogens. In addition, the biological target of punicalagin was identified here for the first time. The antifungal activity of pomegranate phenolics was evaluated by means of Agar Disk Diffusion Assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluation. A chemoinformatic analysis predicted for the first time topoisomerases I and II as potential biological targets of punicalagin, and this prediction was confirmed by in vitro inhibition assays. Concerning phytopathogens, all the tested compounds were effective, often similarly to the fungicide imazalil at the label dose. Particularly, punicalagin showed the lowest MIC for Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea, whereas punicalin was the most active compound in terms of growth control extent. As for human pathogens, punicalagin was the most active compound among the tested ones against Candida albicans reference strains, as well as against the clinically isolates. UHPLC coupled with HRMS indicated that C. albicans, similarly to the phytopathogen Coniella granati, is able to hydrolyze both punicalagin and punicalin as a response to the fungal attack. Punicalagin showed a strong inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 9.0 and 4.6 µM against C. albicans topoisomerases I and II, respectively. Altogether, the results provide evidence that punicalagin is a valuable candidate to be further exploited as an antifungal agent in particular against human fungal infections.
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Identification of punicalagin as the bioactive compound behind the antimicrobial activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels. Food Chem 2021; 352:129396. [PMID: 33652195 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from 'Zhéri' and 'Hicaznar' varieties of pomegranate, Punica granatum L., were obtained by subjecting powdered peels to extraction using water, water/ethanol (1:1; v/v), ethanol, acetone and heptane. Using the agar diffusion assay, extracts with water and/or ethanol were shown to display significant antimicrobial activity with diameters of inhibition zones up to 20 mm. Ethanolic extracts, which were the most active, were fractionated using SPE, HPLC and UHPLC, and the active compounds they contain were identified by mass spectrometry. Punicalagin, under its α and β anomeric forms, was identified as the antibacterial compound in pomegranate peel extracts. Both forms were active with MIC values between 0.3 and 1.2 µg.ml-1, and they easily converted from one to the other with an α/β equilibrium ratio of 3/7. Their spectrum of activity targeted 10 out of 13 Gram positive and two out of three Gram negative bacteria as well as a yeast strain.
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Diop EHA, Queiroz EF, Marcourt L, Kicka S, Rudaz S, Diop T, Soldati T, Wolfender JL. Antimycobacterial activity in a single-cell infection assay of ellagitannins from Combretum aculeatum and their bioavailable metabolites. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111832. [PMID: 30914349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The water decoction of Combretum aculeatum aerial parts is traditionally used in Senegal to treat tuberculosis (TB). The extract shows significant antimycobacterial activity in a validated single-cell infection assay. AIM OF THE STUDY The main aim of this study was to identify the antimycobacterial compounds in the water decoction of Combretum aculeatum. Since the traditional preparations are used orally, a bioactivity assessment of the possible bioavailable human metabolites was also performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Combretum aculeatum water decoction extract was first fractionated by flash chromatography. The fractions were submitted to an antibiotic assay against Mycobacterium marinum and to a single-cell infection assay involving Acanthamoeba castellanii as a host. Using these approaches, it was possible to correlate the antimycobacterial activity with two zones of the chromatogram. In parallel with this liquid chromatography (LC)-based activity profiling, high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) revealed the presence of ellagitannin (Et) derivatives in the active zones of the chromatogram. Isolation of the active compounds was performed by preparative chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Additionally, the main human metabolites of commercially available Ets were biologically evaluated in a similar manner. RESULTS The in vitro bioassay-guided isolation of the Combretum aculeatum water extract led to the identification of three Ets (1-3) and ellagic acid (4). The major compounds 2 and 3 (α- and β-punicalagin, respectively), exhibited anti-infective activity with an IC50 of 51.48 μM. In view of the documented intestinal metabolism of these compounds, some metabolites, namely, urolithin A (5), urolithin B (6) and urolithin D (7), were investigated for their antimycobacterial activity in the two assays. Urolithin D (7) exhibited the strongest anti-infective activity, with an IC50 of 345.50 μM, but this was moderate compared to the positive control rifampin (IC50 of 6.99 μM). The compounds assayed had no observable cytotoxicity towards the amoeba host cells at concentrations lower than 200 μg/mL. CONCLUSION The observed antimycobacterial properties of the traditional water decoction of Combretum aculeatum might be related to the activity of Ets derivatives (1-3) and their metabolites, such as ellagic acid (4) and urolithin D (7). Despite the relatively weak activity of these metabolites, the high consumption of tannins achieved by taking the usual traditional decoction doses should lead to an important increase in the plasmatic concentrations of these active and bioavailable metabolites. These results support to some extent the traditional use of Combretum aculeatum to treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Hadji Assane Diop
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 11, Switzerland; Biology Department, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 11, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 11, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Kicka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Quai Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 11, Switzerland
| | - Tahir Diop
- Biology Department, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Quai Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211, Geneva 11, Switzerland.
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Barbieri M, Heard CM. Isolation of punicalagin from Punica granatum rind extract using mass-directed semi-preparative ESI-AP single quadrupole LC-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 166:90-94. [PMID: 30639933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We are living in a era of alarming increases in microbial resistance to currently available antibiotics, and there is a growing need for new pharmaceutical products to treat infectious diseases. The pomegranate is an edible fruit that has virucidal and antimicrobial activities which is primarily attributable to the high concentration of hydrolysable tannins. Punicalagin, a high molecular weight tannin (1084.7), accounts for approximately 70% of the total and is concentrated in the fruit exocarp (rind). It is the focus of much research, although it is prohibitively expensive to purchase which presents an obstacle to further exploitation and development. Here we describe a method for the isolation of punicalagin from pomegranate rind extract and total pomegranate tannins using an Agilent preparative mass-directed LC-MS single quadrupole ESI-API system, where the ionization was set as negative and the mass signal acquired in Single Ion Monitoring. Thanks to the automatic fraction collector, the method can be used in automatic mode and is capable of producing punicalagin with >95% purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Barbieri
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF1O3NB, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Charles M Heard
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF1O3NB, Wales, United Kingdom.
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13
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Hatzakis E. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy in Food Science: A Comprehensive Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:189-220. [PMID: 33337022 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a robust method, which can rapidly analyze mixtures at the molecular level without requiring separation and/or purification steps, making it ideal for applications in food science. Despite its increasing popularity among food scientists, NMR is still an underutilized methodology in this area, mainly due to its high cost, relatively low sensitivity, and the lack of NMR expertise by many food scientists. The aim of this review is to help bridge the knowledge gap that may exist when attempting to apply NMR methodologies to the field of food science. We begin by covering the basic principles required to apply NMR to the study of foods and nutrients. A description of the discipline of chemometrics is provided, as the combination of NMR with multivariate statistical analysis is a powerful approach for addressing modern challenges in food science. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of recent and key applications in the areas of compositional analysis, food authentication, quality control, and human nutrition is provided. In addition to standard NMR techniques, more sophisticated NMR applications are also presented, although limitations, gaps, and potentials are discussed. We hope this review will help scientists gain some of the knowledge required to apply the powerful methodology of NMR to the rich and diverse field of food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Univ., Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH, U.S.A.,Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State Univ., Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH, U.S.A
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14
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Apel C, Bignon J, Garcia-Alvarez MC, Ciccone S, Clerc P, Grondin I, Girard-Valenciennes E, Smadja J, Lopes P, Frédérich M, Roussi F, Meinnel T, Giglione C, Litaudon M. N-myristoyltransferases inhibitory activity of ellagitannins from Terminalia bentzoë (L.) L. f. subsp. bentzoë. Fitoterapia 2018; 131:91-95. [PMID: 30342177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N-myristoylation (Myr) is an eukaryotic N-terminal co- or post-translational protein modification in which the enzyme N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) transfers a fatty acid (C14:0) to the N-terminal glycine residues of several cellular key proteins. Depending on the cellular context, NMT may serve as a molecular target in anticancer or anti-infectious therapy, and drugs that inhibit this enzyme may be useful in the treatment of cancer or infectious diseases. As part of an on-going project to identify natural Homo sapiens N-myristoyltransferase 1 inhibitors (HsNMT1), two ellagitannins, punicalagin (1) and isoterchebulin (2), along with eschweilenol C (3) and ellagic acid (4) were isolated from the bark of Terminalia bentzoë (L.) L. f. subsp. bentzoë. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. Punicalagin (1) and isoterchebulin (2) showed significant inhibitory activity towards HsNMT1, and also against Plasmodium falciparum NMT (PfNMT) both in vitro and in cellulo, opening alternative paths for new NMT inhibitors development. This is the first report identifying natural products from a botanical source as inhibitors of HsNMT and PfNMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Apel
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - María Concepción Garcia-Alvarez
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sarah Ciccone
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Patricia Clerc
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNSA), Université de La Réunion, 15, Avenue rené Cassin, CS 92003-97744 Saint-Denis cedex 9, France
| | - Isabelle Grondin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNSA), Université de La Réunion, 15, Avenue rené Cassin, CS 92003-97744 Saint-Denis cedex 9, France
| | - Emmanuelle Girard-Valenciennes
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNSA), Université de La Réunion, 15, Avenue rené Cassin, CS 92003-97744 Saint-Denis cedex 9, France
| | - Jacqueline Smadja
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments (LCSNSA), Université de La Réunion, 15, Avenue rené Cassin, CS 92003-97744 Saint-Denis cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Lopes
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Université de Liège, CIRM (Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le Médicament), Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fanny Roussi
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Meinnel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Carmela Giglione
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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15
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Oudane B, Boudemagh D, Bounekhel M, Sobhi W, Vidal M, Broussy S. Isolation, characterization, antioxidant activity, and protein-precipitating capacity of the hydrolyzable tannin punicalagin from pomegranate yellow peel ( Punica granatum ). J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Arendse E, Fawole OA, Magwaza LS, Opara UL. Non-destructive prediction of internal and external quality attributes of fruit with thick rind: A review. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Silva MS, García-Estévez I, Brandão E, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Soares S. Molecular Interaction Between Salivary Proteins and Food Tannins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6415-6424. [PMID: 28589723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols interaction with salivary proteins (SP) has been related with organoleptic features such as astringency. The aim of this work was to study the interaction between some human SP and tannins through two spectroscopic techniques, fluorescence quenching, and saturation transfer difference-nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR). Generally, the results showed a significant interaction between SP and both condensed tannins and ellagitannins. Herein, STD-NMR proved to be a useful tool to map tannins' epitopes of binding, while fluorescence quenching allowed one to discriminate binding affinities. Ellagitannins showed the greatest binding constants values (KSV from 20.1 to 94.1 mM-1; KA from 0.7 to 8.3 mM-1) in comparison with procyanidins (KSV from 5.4 to 40.0 mM-1; KA from 1.1 to 2.7 mM-1). In fact, punicalagin was the tannin that demonstrated the highest affinity for all three SP. Regarding SP, P-B peptide was the one with higher affinity for ellagitannins. On the other hand, cystatins showed in general the lower KSV and KA values. In the case of condensed tannins, statherin was the SP with the highest affinity, contrasting with the other two SP. Altogether, these results are evidence that the distinct SP present in the oral cavity have different abilities to interact with food tannins class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Santos Silva
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ignacio García-Estévez
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Brandão
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Soares
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Chemopreventive effect and angiogenic activity of punicalagin isolated from leaves of Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Characterization and Quantification of Compounds in the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Leaves from Terminalia catappa Linn. (Combretaceae) and Their Mutagenic Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:676902. [PMID: 24734110 PMCID: PMC3966358 DOI: 10.1155/2014/676902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Terminalia is a genus of Combretaceous plants widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the majority compounds of the hydroalcoholic extract (7 : 3, v/v) of the leaves from T. catappa by HPLC-PDA, chemically characterize by hyphenated techniques (HPLC-ESI-IT-MSn) and NMR, and evaluate its mutagenic activity by the Salmonella/microsome assay on S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a, TA100, and TA102. The quantification of analytes was performed using an external calibration standard. Punicalagin is the most abundant polyphenol found in the leaves. The presence of this compound as a mixture of anomers was confirmed using HPLC-PDA and 1H and 13C NMR. Mutagenic activity was observed in strains TA100 and TA97a. As the extract is a complex mixture of punicalagin, its derivatives, and several other compounds, the observed mutagenicity may be explained in part by possible synergistic interaction between the compounds present in the extract. These studies show that mutagenic activity of T. catappa in the Ames test can only be observed when measured at high concentrations. However, considering the mutagenic effects observed for T. catappa, this plant should be used cautiously for medicinal purposes.
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Mazák K, Beecher CN, Kraszni M, Larive CK. The interaction of enoxaparin and fondaparinux with calcium. Carbohydr Res 2013; 384:13-9. [PMID: 24334236 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The main sites of calcium binding were determined for the low molecular weight heparin drug enoxaparin and the synthetic pentasaccharide Arixtra (fondaparinux). [(1)H,(13)C] HSQC pH titrations were carried out to characterize the acid-base properties of these samples both in the presence and absence of calcium. The differences in the titration curves were used to determine the structural components of enoxaparin and fondaparinux responsible for Ca(2+) binding. In enoxaparin both unsubstituted and 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid residues are important in calcium binding and the presence of the 2-O-sulfo group does not seem to influence the Ca(2+) binding capability of the iduronate ring. In fondaparinux changes in chemical shifts upon Ca(2+) binding were smaller than observed for enoxaparin, and were observed for both the glucuronic acid and 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid residues. In enoxaparin significant perturbations of the chemical shift of the N-sulfoglucosamine anomeric carbon in residues connected to 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid were detected on Ca(2+) binding, however it was not possible to determine whether these changes reflect direct involvement in calcium complexation or result from through space interactions or conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Mazák
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Consuelo N Beecher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Márta Kraszni
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cynthia K Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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