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Barreto D, Kokoric V, da Silveira Petruci JF, Mizaikoff B. From Light Pipes to Substrate-Integrated Hollow Waveguides for Gas Sensing: A Review. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2021; 1:97-109. [PMID: 36785552 PMCID: PMC9836072 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Absorption-based spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range (i.e., 2.5-25 μm) is an excellent choice for directly sensing trace gas analytes providing discriminatory molecular information due to inherently specific fundamental vibrational, rovibrational, and rotational transitions. Complimentarily, the miniaturization of optical components has aided the utility of optical sensing techniques in a wide variety of application scenarios that demand compact, portable, easy-to-use, and robust analytical platforms yet providing suitable accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity. While MIR sensing technologies have clearly benefitted from the development of advanced on-chip light sources such as quantum cascade and interband cascade lasers and equally small MIR detectors, less attention has been paid to the development of modular/tailored waveguide technologies reproducibly and reliably interfacing photons with sample molecules in a compact format. In this context, the first generation of a new type of hollow waveguides gas cells-the so-called substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG)-with unprecedented compact dimensions published by the research team of Mizaikoff and collaborators has led to a paradigm change in optical transducer technology for gas sensors. Features of iHWGs included an adaptable (i.e., designable) well-defined optical path length via the integration of meandered hollow waveguide structures at virtually any desired dimension and geometry into an otherwise planar substrate, a high degree of robustness, compactness, and cost-effectiveness in fabrication. Moreover, only a few hundred microliters of gas samples are required for analysis, resulting in short sample transient times facilitating a real-time monitoring of gaseous species in virtually any concentration range. In this review, we give an overview of recent advancements and achievements since their introduction eight years ago, focusing on the development of iHWG-based mid-infrared sensor technologies. Highlighted applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental and industrial monitoring scenarios will be contrasted by future trends, challenges, and opportunities for the development of next-generation portable optical gas-sensing platforms that take advantage of a modular and tailorable device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra
Nunes Barreto
- Institute
of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Vjekoslav Kokoric
- Institute
for Microanalysis Systems, Hahn-Schickard, Ulm 89077, Germany
| | | | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
for Microanalysis Systems, Hahn-Schickard, Ulm 89077, Germany
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany
- e-mail:
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Martin M, Perez-Guaita D, Wood BR. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a quality control system for monitoring the storage of blood products. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5756-5763. [PMID: 34816272 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Blood screening is a fundamental part of disease diagnosis and monitoring health. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy offers an innovative solution to streamlining the process, especially for multianalyte detection in aqueous samples. However, samples always undergo a storage phase before they are processed for testing and blood transfusion. In this study, we investigated the effect of standard storage procedures on the macromolecular composition of whole blood, and plasma collected in blood tubes for diagnostic purposes and initial screening of blood products. Periphery blood samples were collected from 10 volunteers and then stored for 14 days at 4 °C. Samples were stored as isolated plasma and whole blood to provide three different datasets, namely: (1) plasma stored independently, (2) plasma stored with other blood components and (3) whole blood. ATR-FTIR spectra of aqueous blood were acquired every 24 h from the time of collection on a portable ATR-FTIR spectrophotometer to monitor the evolution of the macromolecular composition in each blood component. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression (PLS-R) and multi-curve resolution alternate least squares (MCR-ALS) models were built to study changes in the spectra with the storage time and identify the key bands. Isolated plasma stored without red blood cells (RBCs) showed no changes over the 14 day period indicating limited degradation. By contrast, plasma stored with the other blood components showed visual and spectroscopic signs of degradation including increasing lipid bands and the amide I and II bands from haemoglobin (Hb). Ideally, for the application of IR spectroscopy in blood diagnostics and for initial screening of blood products, whole blood and isolated red blood cells can be stored for a maximum of 4 days at 4 °C in lithium-heparin anticoagulant tubes prior to spectral analysis before any signs of degradation. Isolated plasma, on the other hand, can be stored for much longer periods and shows no evidence of degradation in the spectra after 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguela Martin
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David Perez-Guaita
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Bayden R Wood
- Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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Tomberg T, Vuorio N, Hieta T, Jussila M, Hartonen K, Vainio M, Mikkonen T, Toivonen J, Riekkola ML, Halonen L, Metsälä M. Broadband Laser-Based Infrared Detector for Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14582-14588. [PMID: 33081464 PMCID: PMC7660589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy coupled with gas chromatography is used to quantitatively analyze a mixture of alcohols in a quasi-online manner. A full identification and quantification of all analytes are achieved based on their spectral fingerprints using a widely tunable continuous-wave laser as a light source. This can be done even in the case of interfering column/septum bleed or simultaneously eluted peaks. The combination of photoacoustic spectroscopy and gas chromatography offers a viable solution for compact and portable instruments in applications that require straightforward analyses with no consumables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Tomberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Vuorio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Hieta
- Gasera Ltd., Lemminkäisenkatu 59, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jussila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hartonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Vainio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Mikkonen
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Toivonen
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Riekkola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Halonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Glöckler J, Jaeschke C, Kocaöz Y, Kokoric V, Tütüncü E, Mitrovics J, Mizaikoff B. iHWG-MOX: A Hybrid Breath Analysis System via the Combination of Substrate-Integrated Hollow Waveguide Infrared Spectroscopy with Metal Oxide Gas Sensors. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1033-1039. [PMID: 32189494 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to their materials and operating parameters, metal oxide (MOX) sensors respond to target gases only by a change in sensor resistance with a lack in selectivity. By the use of infrared spectroscopy, highly discriminatory information from samples at a molecular level can be obtained and the selectivity can be enhanced. A low-volume gas cell was developed for a commercially available semiconducting MOX methane gas sensor and coupled directly to a mid-infrared gas sensor based on substrate-integrated hollow waveguide (iHWG) technology combined with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. This study demonstrates a sensing process with combined orthogonal sensors for fast, time-resolved, and synergic detection of methane and carbon dioxide in gas samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Glöckler
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeschke
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- JLM Innovation GmbH, Vor dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yusuf Kocaöz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vjekoslav Kokoric
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Erhan Tütüncü
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Mitrovics
- JLM Innovation GmbH, Vor dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Pérez-Guaita D, Sánchez-Illana Á, Garrigues S, de la Guardia M. Determination of lidocaine in urine at low ppm levels using dispersive microextraction and attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared measurements of dry films. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Perez-Guaita D, Kokoric V, Wilk A, Garrigues S, Mizaikoff B. Towards the determination of isoprene in human breath using substrate-integrated hollow waveguide mid-infrared sensors. J Breath Res 2014; 8:026003. [PMID: 24848160 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/2/026003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath may be considered biomarkers if they are indicative of distinct diseases or disease states. Given the inherent molecular selectivity of vibrational spectroscopy, infrared sensing technologies appear ideally suitable for the determination of endogenous VOCs in breath. The aim of this study was to determine that mid-infrared (MIR; 3-20 µm) gas phase sensing is capable of determining isoprene in exhaled breath as an exemplary medically relevant VOC by hyphenating novel substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG) with a likewise miniaturized preconcentration system. A compact preconcentrator column for sampling isoprene from exhaled breath was coupled to an iHWG serving simultaneously as highly miniaturized gas cell and light conduit in combination with a compact Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. A gas mixing system enabled extensive system calibration using isoprene standards. After system optimization, a calibration function obtaining a limit of quantification of 106 ppb was achieved. According to the literature, the obtained sensitivity is sufficient for quantifying middle to high isoprene concentrations occurring in exhaled breath. Finally, a volunteer breath sample was analysed proving comparable values of isoprene in a real-world scenario. Despite its fundamental utility, the proposed methodology contains some limitations in terms of sensitivity and temporal resolution in comparison with the readily available measurement techniques that should be addressed during future optimization of the system. Nonetheless, this study presents the first determination of endogenous VOCs in breath via advanced hollow waveguide MIR sensor technology, clearly demonstrating its potential for the analysis of volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perez-Guaita
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, EdificiJeroni Muñoz, Burjassot, Spain
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