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Ozaki M, Kuwayama T, Shimotsuma M, Hirose T. Separation and purification of short-, medium-, and long-stranded RNAs by RP-HPLC using different mobile phases and C 18 columns with various pore sizes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1948-1956. [PMID: 38445900 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, which have been employed in medicines for various diseases, are attracting attention as a new pharmaceutical model. Depending on the target substances, nucleic acid medicines with various nucleic acid chain lengths (several tens of nucleotides [nt] to several thousands of nt) exist. The purification of synthesized nucleic acids is crucial as various impurities remain in the crude product after synthesis. Presently, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) represents an effective purification method for nucleic acids. However, the information regarding the HPLC conditions for separating and purifying nucleic acids of various chain lengths is insufficient. Thus, this technical note describes the separation and purification of short-, medium-, and long-stranded nucleic acids (several tens of nt to thousands of nt) by RP-HPLC with various mobile phases and octadecyl-based columns with various pore sizes, such as normal (9-12 nm), wide (30 nm), and super wide (>30 nm) pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ozaki
- Research and Development Department, Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Ishibashi Kaide-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto 617-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Kuwayama
- Research and Development Department, Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Ishibashi Kaide-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto 617-0004, Japan.
| | - Motoshi Shimotsuma
- Research and Development Department, Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Ishibashi Kaide-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto 617-0004, Japan.
| | - Tsunehisa Hirose
- Research and Development Department, Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Ishibashi Kaide-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto 617-0004, Japan.
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Abdelghaffar SH, Hegazy MA, Eltanany BM. Stability and Biosimilarity Assessment of Bevacizumab Monoclonal Antibody; Orthogonal Testing Protocol Coupled With Peptide Mapping-Principal Component Analysis. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:177-188. [PMID: 37606972 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologics are essential in cancer treatment because they stimulate the body's natural response to fight cancer, but they are expensive. Biosimilars are more affordable compared to patent biologicals, but it must be verified that they are as effective as their innovators. Characterization of biosimilars and assessment of interchangeability requires many data points for verification. OBJECTIVE The proposed study provides a quality assessment of two new bevacizumab (BVZ) biosimilars, produced by Amgen and Biocad, Inc., through the development and greenness assessment of an orthogonal testing protocol and purity indicating assay, including size-exclusion (SE-HPLC), reversed-phase (RP-HPLC), and cation exchange chromatography (CEX-HPLC) in addition to dynamic light scattering (DLS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). METHODS SE-HPLC method was performed and validated to screen the BVZ monomer and its aggregates and/or fragments. Peak purity and system suitability parameters were calculated. Results indicate that the orthogonal protocol is a useful tool for assessing monoclonal antibody stability. It is a key criterion for biosimilarity assessment. DLS and SDS-PAGE results were compared to each other to reveal close retention times and banding patterns between BVZ innovator and its biosimilars. These results showed that Avastin® and the investigated biosimilars have the same profile in terms of peak area of related compounds within the acceptance limit and apparent molecular weight, and the SDS-PAGE technique was found to be the most eco-friendly technique among others. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained highlighted the importance of assessing similarities and differences in ensuring the biosimilarity and interchangeability of the studied products. HIGHLIGHTS BVZ is one of the essential monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). BVZ biosimilars were evaluated by developing an orthogonal testing protocol and a purity-indicating assay. The size-exclusion (SE)-HPLC method was applied and validated to monitor the BVZ monomer and its aggregates. The results demonstrated the importance of assessing the stability and biosimilarity of BVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Abdelghaffar
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 51 Ministry of Agriculture, Agouza District, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Basma M Eltanany
- Cairo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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3
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Monge C, Stoppa I, Ferraris C, Bozza A, Battaglia L, Cangemi L, Miglio G, Pizzimenti S, Clemente N, Gigliotti CL, Boggio E, Dianzani U, Dianzani C. Parenteral Nanoemulsions Loaded with Combined Immuno- and Chemo-Therapy for Melanoma Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234233. [PMID: 36500861 PMCID: PMC9740980 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-grade melanoma remains a major life-threatening illness despite the improvement in therapeutic control that has been achieved by means of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in recent years. This work presents a preclinical-level test of a multi-pronged approach that includes the loading of immunotherapeutic (ICOS-Fc), targeted (sorafenib), and chemotherapeutic (temozolomide) agents within Intralipid®, which is a biocompatible nanoemulsion with a long history of safe clinical use for total parenteral nutrition. This drug combination has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis with the involvement of the immune system, and a key role is played by ICOS-Fc. The inhibition of tumor growth in subcutaneous melanoma mouse models has been achieved using sub-therapeutic drug doses, which is most likely the result of the nanoemulsion's targeting properties. If translated to the human setting, this approach should therefore allow therapeutic efficacy to be achieved without increasing the risk of toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Monge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bozza
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Cangemi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Miglio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Giuseppe Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Torrente-López A, Hermosilla J, Pérez-Robles R, Salmerón-García A, Cabeza J, Navas N. Combined use of UV and MS data for ICH Stability-Indication Method: Quantification and isoforms identification of intact nivolumab. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abdelghaffar SH, Hegazy MA, Eltanany BM. Stability assessment of FDA-approved ramucirumab monoclonal antibody; validated SE-HPLC method for degradation pattern evaluation. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5258. [PMID: 34622957 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ramucirumab (RAMU) is a recently US Food and Drug Administration-approved monoclonal antibody that is included in various anticancer protocols. It has a structural complexity and high degradation risk that have a significant effect on its safety and effectiveness. The major aim of this work was to assess the degradation pattern of RAMU based on physicochemical characterization. Mechanical agitation, repeated freeze-thaw cycles, pH and temperature were the selected stress conditions to which RAMU samples were subjected. The SE-HPLC method was applied and validated to monitor the RAMU monomer along with its aggregates and/or fragments. The purity of the separated peaks together with system suitability parameters were determined through the calculation of percentage purity and percentage drop in RAMU concentration. The results were interpreted by correlating them with those of dynamic light scattering and reducing and non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Samples incubated at pH 2.0-10.0 and 37°C for up to 4 weeks were analysed, recording detection of reversed phase (RP) aggregates and low molecular weight peptide fragments. Similarly, samples under short-term storage conditions of 4 weeks at different temperatures (-20, 2-8, 25, 37 and 50°C) showed low molecular weight peptide fragments but to a lesser extent. These results highlight the alarming effect on RAMU multidose vial efficacy and safety.
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Jaccoulet E, Daniel T, Dammak D, Prognon P, Caudron E. Interest of flow injection spectrophotometry as an orthogonal method for analyzing biomolecule aggregates: Application to stressed monoclonal antibody study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119436. [PMID: 33461132 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the suitability of flow injection spectrophotometry (FIS) to analyze three degraded therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab, nivolumab, and rituximab). For this purpose, aggregates were generated with stirring, freeze-thaw, and heat stresses. The intact and stressed mab samples were filtered with 0.22 µm hydrophilic filters and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), cation-exchange chromatography (CEX), and FIS. In terms of quantitative and qualitative analysis, protein loss and structural changes were assessed. Various aggregates profiles were obtained according to the mabs and the stresses. FIS allowed performing very satisfactory quantifications for each mab with intermediate precision RSD < 3.0 % and recovery between 97.9 and 102.0 %. From the protein loss measurements, it appears that SEC underestimates the mab aggregate proportions up to two times less as compared with FIS since the latter avoids any non-specific interactions (electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions). Using second derivative spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis, we noticed apparent structural differences, located in the regions 245-265 nm for rituximab and nivolumab and 280-300 nm for bevacizumab, depending on the stress. The FIS complementarity with the other techniques used in this study allowed us to demonstrate that the three mabs behave differently for a given stress condition. While extreme mechanical stress formed large aggregates irrespective of the mabs, rituximab showed to be less stable and more sensitive than the two other mabs under freeze-thaw and heat stresses, generating large aggregates (>200 nm) and partial unfolding. Nivolumab tends to form small aggregates less than 50 nm when heated and freeze-thawed. Moreover, freeze-thaw seems to generate native IgG-1 aggregates with rituximab. Similarly, bevacizumab showed to form these IgG-1 aggregates and was resistant to freeze-thaw, likely thanks to trehalose cryoprotectant from its formulation. Finally, FIS associated with multivariate analysis can provide rich information in one single run and appears to be a fast, simple, and reliable method to set complementary and orthogonal approaches for protein aggregates monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jaccoulet
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - T Daniel
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - D Dammak
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - P Prognon
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Lip(Sys)(2) Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay (EA4041 Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud), F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - E Caudron
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Lip(Sys)(2) Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay (EA4041 Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud), F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Souza ALRD, Amorim ACF, Cintra ER, Ferreira NN, Silva LAD, Hayasaki TG, Diniz DGA, Lima EM. Development and validation of a rapid RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of paclitaxel and cetuximab in immunoliposomes. Talanta 2021; 225:121988. [PMID: 33592736 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of rational therapies against complex diseases, such as cancer, has increased in the past few years due to the advances of 'omics' technologies. Concomitantly, several efforts have been made to design sophisticated drug delivery systems in order to increase specificity and drug accumulation in tumor sites. The complexity of these drug delivery systems highlights the need for suitable analytical methods to determine encapsulation/conjugation efficiency of drugs and molecules responsible for the targeted delivery. Therefore, this study focuses on the development and validation of a RP-HPLC-DAD methodology for concurrent quantification of paclitaxel (PTX) and cetuximab (CTX) in immunoliposomes. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a wide pore C8 column, and a gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in Milli-Q water/acetonitrile/isopropanol with a flow rate of 1 mL min-1. Drug peaks were fully separated and detected at 280 nm using UV detector. The method was validated according to ICH and FDA guidelines in terms of specificity and forced degradation studies, system suitability, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, repeatability, intermediate precision, accuracy, robustness, and short-term stability. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 37.5-150 μg mL-1 of PTX and 75-300 μg mL-1 of CTX. All parameters evaluated satisfied the acceptance criteria, according to both FDA and ICH guidelines. The applicability of the analytical method was assessed following the development of PTX-loaded immunoliposomes conjugated with CTX. Thus, the present study shows a novel, simple, stability-indicating and suitable method to quantify simultaneously PTX and CTX in immunoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Ribeiro de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cláudia Ferreira Amorim
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Emílio Ramos Cintra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Antônio Dantas Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Tacio Gonçalves Hayasaki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Danielle Guimarães Almeida Diniz
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Eliana Martins Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Systems - FarmaTec, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Ferreira NN, Boni FI, Baltazar F, Gremião MP. Validation of an innovative analytical method for simultaneous quantification of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and the monoclonal antibody cetuximab using HPLC from PLGA-based nanoparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Trabik YA, Moenes EM, Al-Ghobashy MA, Nebsen M, Ayad MF. Analytical comparability study of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies rituximab and obinutuzumab using a stability-indicating orthogonal testing protocol: Effect of structural optimization and glycoengineering. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1159:122359. [PMID: 32920338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoengineering and biosimilarity are the key factors for growing, promising and progressive approaches in monoclonal antibodies development. In this study, the physicochemical stability of anti-CD20 rituximab (RTX); originator and biosimilar was compared to its glycoengineered humanized version; obinutuzumab (OBZ). An orthogonal stability-indicating protocol using a set of validated bioanalytical techniques; size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), quantitative gel electrophoresis by TapeStation, receptor binding assay and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to investigate the effect of different stress factors on the pattern and kinetics of degradation. SE-HPLC results supported with spectral purity showed similar degradation extent with a different pattern of degradation between RTX and OBZ. A lower tendency to form degraded fragments and a relatively higher favorability for degradation through aggregate formation has been revealed in case of OBZ. Results were in agreement with those of DLS and receptor binding assay which showed specificity to the intact antibodies in the presence of their degradation products. Furthermore, results were additionally confirmed through denaturing quantitative gel electrophoresis which suggested reducible covalent bonds as the mechanism for aggregates formation. RP-HPLC results showed two oxidized forms via excessive oxidation of RTX and OBZ with nearly the same degradation percent. Comparability data of RTX and OBZ using the applied methodologies showed that although glycoengineering; carried out to enhance the therapeutic and biological activity of OBZ altered the pattern of degradation but did not significantly affect the overall stability. Results showed also consistent stability profile between the biosimilar and its originator RTX products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossra A Trabik
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Eman M Moenes
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Egypt
| | - Medhat A Al-Ghobashy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt; Bioanalysis Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Egypt.
| | - Marianne Nebsen
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Miriam F Ayad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Porto DL, da Silva ARR, Oliveira ADS, Nogueira FHA, Pedrosa MDFF, Aragão CFS. Development and validation of a stability indicating HPLC-DAD method for the determination of the peptide stigmurin. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Dianzani C, Monge C, Miglio G, Serpe L, Martina K, Cangemi L, Ferraris C, Mioletti S, Osella S, Gigliotti CL, Boggio E, Clemente N, Dianzani U, Battaglia L. Nanoemulsions as Delivery Systems for Poly-Chemotherapy Aiming at Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051198. [PMID: 32397484 PMCID: PMC7281359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Advanced melanoma is characterized by poor outcome. Despite the number of treatments having been increased over the last decade, current pharmacological strategies are only partially effective. Therefore, the improvement of the current systemic therapy is worthy of investigation. Methods: a nanotechnology-based poly-chemotherapy was tested at preclinical level. Temozolomide, rapamycin, and bevacizumab were co-loaded as injectable nanoemulsions for total parenteral nutrition (Intralipid®), due to suitable devices, and preliminarily tested in vitro on human and mouse cell models and in vivo on the B16-F10 melanoma mouse model. Results: Drug combination was efficiently loaded in the liquid lipid matrix of Intralipid®, including bevacizumab monoclonal antibody, leading to a fast internalization in tumour cells. An increased cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells, as well as an improved inhibition of tumour relapse, migration, and angiogenesis were demonstrated in cell models for the Intralipid®-loaded drug combinations. In preliminary in vivo studies, the proposed approach was able to reduce tumour growth significantly, compared to controls. A relevant efficacy towards tumour angiogenesis and mitotic index was determined and immune response was involved. Conclusions: In these preliminary studies, Intralipid® proved to be a safe and versatile poly-chemotherapy delivery system for advanced melanoma treatment, by acting on multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (L.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Monge
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (L.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Gianluca Miglio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (L.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (L.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Katia Martina
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (L.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Luigi Cangemi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (L.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Ferraris
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (L.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Sara Osella
- San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Piazza del Donatore di Sangue 3, 10154 Turin, Italy;
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont (UPO), via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.L.G.); (E.B.); (N.C.); (U.D.)
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont (UPO), via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.L.G.); (E.B.); (N.C.); (U.D.)
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont (UPO), via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.L.G.); (E.B.); (N.C.); (U.D.)
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont (UPO), via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.L.G.); (E.B.); (N.C.); (U.D.)
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (L.S.); (K.M.); (L.C.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Le Basle Y, Chennell P, Tokhadze N, Astier A, Sautou V. Physicochemical Stability of Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:169-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Coupling Multi-Angle Light Scattering to Reverse-Phase Ultra-High-Pressure Chromatography (RP-UPLC-MALS) for the characterization monoclonal antibodies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14965. [PMID: 31628369 PMCID: PMC6800455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-angle light scattering coupled with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-MALS) is a standard approach for protein characterization. Recently MALS detection has been coupled with ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) which demonstrated the feasibility and high value of MALS in combination with non-sized-based fractionation methods. In this study we coupled reverse-phase ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) with a low-dispersion MALS detector for the characterization of intact monoclonal antibody (mAbs) and their fragments. We confirmed a constant refractive index increment value for mAbs in RP gradients, in good agreement with the values in literature for other classes of proteins. We showed that the impurities eluting from a RP column can often be related to aggregated species and we confirmed that in most cases those oligomers are present also in SEC-MALS. Yet, in few cases small aggregates fractions in RP-UPLC are an artifact. In fact, proteins presenting thermal and physical stability not suitable for the harsh condition applied during the RP separation of mAbs (i.e. organic solvents at high temperature) can aggregate. Further, we applied RP-UPLC-MALS during a long term stability studies. The different principle of separation used in RP-UPLC- MALS provides an additional critical level of protein characterization compared to SEC-MALS and IEX-MALS.
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Hassan LA, Al‐Ghobashy MA, Abbas SS. Evaluation of the pattern and kinetics of degradation of adalimumab using a stability‐indicating orthogonal testing protocol. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4676. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A. Hassan
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals Egypt
| | - Medhat A. Al‐Ghobashy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Egypt
- Bioanalysis Research Group, School of PharmacyNewgiza University Egypt
| | - Samah S. Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Egypt
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Regl C, Wohlschlager T, Esser-Skala W, Wagner I, Samonig M, Holzmann J, Huber CG. Dilute-and-shoot analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibody variants in fermentation broth: a method capability study. MAbs 2019; 11:569-582. [PMID: 30668249 PMCID: PMC6512939 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1563034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely applied as highly specific and efficient therapeutic agents for various medical conditions, including cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. As protein production in cellular systems inherently generates a multitude of molecular variants, manufacturing of mAbs requires stringent control in order to ensure safety and efficacy of the drugs. Moreover, monitoring of mAb variants in the course of the fermentation process may allow instant tuning of process parameters to maintain optimal cell culture conditions. Here, we describe a fast and robust workflow for the characterization of mAb variants in fermentation broth. Sample preparation is minimal in that the fermentation broth is shortly centrifuged before dilution and HPLC-MS analysis in a short 15-min gradient run. In a single analysis, N-glycosylation and truncation variants of the expressed mAb are identified at the intact protein level. Simultaneously, absolute quantification of mAb content in fermentation broth is achieved. The whole workflow features excellent robustness as well as retention time and peak area stability. Additional enzymatic removal of N-glycans enables determination of mAb glycation levels, which are subsequently considered in relative N-glycoform quantification to correct for isobaric galactosylation. Several molecular attributes of the expressed therapeutic protein may thus be continuously monitored to ensure the desired product profile. Application of the described workflow in an industrial environment may therefore substantially enhance in-process control in mAb production, as well as targeted biosimilar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Regl
- a Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,b Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Therese Wohlschlager
- a Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,b Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Wolfgang Esser-Skala
- a Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,b Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Iris Wagner
- a Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,b Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Martin Samonig
- a Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,b Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,c Thermo Fisher Scientific GmbH , Germering , Germany
| | - Johann Holzmann
- b Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,d Technical Development Biosimilars , Global Drug Development, Novartis, Sandoz GmbH , Kundl , Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- a Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,b Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
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Quantitation of the monoclonal antibody Denosumab by bioassay and validated LC methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Martínez-Ortega A, Herrera A, Salmerón-García A, Cabeza J, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Navas N. Validated reverse phase HPLC diode array method for the quantification of intact bevacizumab, infliximab and trastuzumab for long-term stability study. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Development and validation of a (RP)UHPLC-UV-(HESI/Orbitrap)MS method for the identification and quantification of mixtures of intact therapeutical monoclonal antibodies using a monolithic column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:437-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jaccoulet E, Schweitzer-Chaput A, Toussaint B, Prognon P, Caudron E. Simple and ultra-fast recognition and quantitation of compounded monoclonal antibodies: Application to flow injection analysis combined to UV spectroscopy and matching method. Talanta 2018; 187:279-286. [PMID: 29853048 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Compounding of monoclonal antibody (mAbs) constantly increases in hospital. Quality control (QC) of the compounded mAbs based on quantification and identification is required to prevent potential errors and fast method is needed to manage outpatient chemotherapy administration. A simple and ultra-fast (less than 30 s) method using flow injection analysis associated to least square matching method issued from the analyzer software was performed and evaluated for the routine hospital QC of three compounded mAbs: bevacizumab, infliximab and rituximab. The method was evaluated through qualitative and quantitative parameters. Preliminary analysis of the UV absorption and second derivative spectra of the mAbs allowed us to adapt analytical conditions according to the therapeutic range of the mAbs. In terms of quantitative QC, linearity, accuracy and precision were assessed as specified in ICH guidelines. Very satisfactory recovery was achieved and the RSD (%) of the intermediate precision were less than 1.1%. Qualitative analytical parameters were also evaluated in terms of specificity, sensitivity and global precision through a matrix of confusion. Results showed to be concentration and mAbs dependant and excellent (100%) specificity and sensitivity were reached within specific concentration range. Finally, routine application on "real life" samples (n = 209) from different batch of the three mAbs complied with the specifications of the quality control i.e. excellent identification (100%) and ± 15% of targeting concentration belonging to the calibration range. The successful use of the combination of second derivative spectroscopy and partial least square matching method demonstrated the interest of FIA for the ultra-fast QC of mAbs after compounding using matching method.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jaccoulet
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Service Pharmacie (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France.
| | - A Schweitzer-Chaput
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Service Pharmacie (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - B Toussaint
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Service Pharmacie (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France
| | - P Prognon
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Service Pharmacie (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France; Lip(Sys)(2) Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay (EA7357 Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud), F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - E Caudron
- Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), Service Pharmacie (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France; Lip(Sys)(2) Chimie Analytique Pharmaceutique, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay (EA7357 Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud), F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Gundinger T, Pansy A, Spadiut O. A sensitive and robust HPLC method to quantify recombinant antibody fragments in E . coli crude cell lysate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1083:242-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Hatamluyi B, Es'haghi Z. Quantitative Biodetection of Anticancer Drug Rituxan with DNA Biosensor Modified PAMAM Dendrimer/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Hatamluyi
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; 19395-4697 Tehran I.R. of IRAN
| | - Zarrin Es'haghi
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; 19395-4697 Tehran I.R. of IRAN
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Mohamed HE, Mohamed AA, Al-Ghobashy MA, Fathalla FA, Abbas SS. Stability assessment of antibody-drug conjugate Trastuzumab emtansine in comparison to parent monoclonal antibody using orthogonal testing protocol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:268-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Sousa F, Gonçalves VM, Sarmento B. Development and validation of a rapid reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantification of monoclonal antibody bevacizumab from polyester-based nanoparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:171-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Suárez I, Salmerón-García A, Cabeza J, Capitán-Vallvey LF, Navas N. Development and use of specific ELISA methods for quantifying the biological activity of bevacizumab, cetuximab and trastuzumab in stability studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:155-164. [PMID: 27296731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bevacizumab (BVZ), cetuximab (CTX) and trastuzumab (TTZ) are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used worldwide for the treatment of several widespread kinds of cancer. They are marketed as medicines under their respective tradenames: Avastin(®), Erbitux(®) and Herceptin(®). The aim of this research was to develop in-house specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to assess the long-term stability of these three mabs. These assays assess the biological functionality of the mAbs by quantifying their biological activity. For this purpose, we developed an indirect ELISA procedure whereby the specific antigens against which the mAbs are directed are used as specific "capturing" antibodies on the ELISA plates. We therefore used vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ELISA for BVZ; human epidermal growth factor receptor (hEGFR) in the ELISA for CTX and human receptor HER2 (hHER2) in the ELISA for TTZ. After the mAbs had attached to their antigen, we used an anti-human IgG (whole molecule) peroxidase-conjugate and o-phenylenediaminedihydrochloride substrate. The reaction was stopped using sulphuric acid and absorbance was recorded at a wavelength of 450nm. The three ELISA methods were validated in terms of calibration models, range of the assay, limits of detection and quantitation, intra and interday precision and accuracy, and specificity by cross reactions. Forced degradation studies were also conducted on the medicines, providing useful information. Finally, the proposed ELISA were successfully used in a long-term stability study to quantify the remaining biological activity in medicines that had been opened and then stored under two different storage conditions, i.e. refrigerated at 4°C and frozen at -20°C. Results indicated that BVZ (Avastin(®)) is the most stable of the three in terms of its biological functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Suárez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Salmerón-García
- UGC Intercentro Interniveles Farmacia Granada, "San Cecilio Hospital", Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José Cabeza
- UGC Intercentro Interniveles Farmacia Granada, "San Cecilio Hospital", Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Fermín Capitán-Vallvey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Navas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Biomedical Research Institute ibs.Granada, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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The Effects of Light-Accelerated Degradation on the Aggregation of Marketed Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Evaluated by Size-Exclusion Chromatography With Diode Array Detection. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1405-18. [PMID: 26952878 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research into the effects that exposure to light can have on therapeutic proteins is essential for ensuring the quality and safety of the medicines in which they are used. It is important to understand the effects of light on aggregation to help avoid undesirable colloidal instabilities, both in the original medicines and in the formats in which they are finally administered. In this study, 5 marketed therapeutic mAbs, namely bevacizumab, cetuximab, infliximab, rituximab, and trastuzumab, were investigated for this purpose. The medicines and 2 diluted preparations in 0.9 NaCl (2 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL)-commonly used in clinical practice-were subjected to controlled light-accelerated degradation. The formation of aggregates was monitored by size-exclusion chromatography. The results indicated that light induced protein aggregation. This process of protein damage was influenced above all by mAb concentration, although the particular characteristics of each mAb were also important. Photodegradation also produced the fragmentation of the mAbs. The damage caused to the mAbs as a result of light-induced aggregation and/or fragmentation was demonstrated both in the medicines and in the diluted preparation forms. These findings should be carefully considered when handling the medicines for administration and when recommending beyond-use dates in normal hospital conditions.
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Martínez-Ortega A, Herrera A, Salmerón-García A, Cabeza J, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Navas N. Study and ICH validation of a reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of the intact monoclonal antibody cetuximab. J Pharm Anal 2015; 6:117-124. [PMID: 29403971 PMCID: PMC5762446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab (CTX) is a potent chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved worldwide for treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Among the various biological and physical analyses performed for full study on this biopharmaceutic, the determination of the concentration preparations throughout manufacturing and subsequent handling in hospital is particularly relevant. In the present work, the study and validation of a method for quantifying intact CTX by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection ((RP)HPLC/DAD) is presented. With that end, we checked the performance of a chromatographic method for quantifying CTX and conducted a study to validate the method as stability-indicating in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH) for biotechnological drugs; therefore, we evaluated linearity, accuracy, precision, detection and quantification limits, robustness and system suitability. The specificity of the method and the robustness of the mAb formulation against external stress factors were estimated by comprehensive chromatographic analysis by subjecting CTX to several informative stress conditions. As demonstrated, the method is rapid, accurate, and reproducible for CTX quantification. It was also successfully used to quantify CTX in a long-term stability study performed under hospital conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martínez-Ortega
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Herrera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Salmerón-García
- UGC Intercentro Interniveles Farmacia Granada, San Cecilio Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute ibs. GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José Cabeza
- UGC Intercentro Interniveles Farmacia Granada, San Cecilio Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute ibs. GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, University of Granada, E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Biomedical Research Institute ibis. GRANADA, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Navas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Biomedical Research Institute ibis. GRANADA, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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