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Oliva C, Arias A, Ruiz-Sala P, Garcia-Villoria J, Carling R, Bierau J, Ruijter GJG, Casado M, Ormazabal A, Artuch R. Targeted ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry procedures for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism: validation through ERNDIM external quality assessment schemes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2023-1291. [PMID: 38456798 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) is crucial to ensure early detection of conditions which are treatable. This study reports on targeted metabolomic procedures for the diagnosis of IEM of amino acids, acylcarnitines, creatine/guanidinoacetate, purines/pyrimidines and oligosaccharides, and describes its validation through external quality assessment schemes (EQA). METHODS Analysis was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-class system coupled to a Waters Xevo triple-quadrupole (TQD) mass spectrometer, operating in both positive and negative electrospray ionization mode. Chromatographic separation was performed on a CORTECS C18 column (2.1 × 150, 1.6 µm). Data were collected by multiple reaction monitoring. RESULTS The internal and EQA results were generally adequate, with a few exceptions. We calculated the relative measurement error (RME) and only a few metabolites displayed a RME higher than 30 % (asparagine and some acylcarnitine species). For oligosaccharides, semi-quantitative analysis of an educational panel clearly identified the 8 different diseases included. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we have validated our analytical system through an external quality control assessment. This validation will contribute to harmonization between laboratories, thus improving identification and management of patients with IEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Oliva
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, 571524 Hospital Clínic de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Arias
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, 16512 Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Ruiz-Sala
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Garcia-Villoria
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, 571524 Hospital Clínic de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel Carling
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, 8945 Synnovis, Guy's & St Thomas' NHSFT , London, UK
| | - Jörgen Bierau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, 570888 Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George J G Ruijter
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Casado
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, 16512 Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Ormazabal
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, 16512 Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, 16512 Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu , Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Fluorescent In Situ Staining and Flow Cytometric Procedures as New Pre-Diagnostic Tests for Sialidosis, GM1 Gangliosidosis and Niemann–Pick Type C. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081962. [PMID: 36009508 PMCID: PMC9405762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis is essential in the field of lysosomal storage disorders for the proper management of patients and for starting therapies before irreversible damage occurs, particularly in neurodegenerative conditions. Currently, specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders are lacking in routine laboratory practice, except for enzymatic tests, which are available only in specialized metabolic centers. Recently, we established a method for measuring and verifying changes in GM1 ganglioside levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with GM1 gangliosidosis. However, fresh blood is not always available, and using frozen/thawed lymphocytes can lead to inaccurate results. Methods: We used frozen/thawed fibroblasts obtained from stored biopsies to explore the feasibility of fluorescent imaging and flow-cytometric methods to track changes in storage materials in fibroblasts from patients with three lysosomal neurodegenerative conditions: GM1 gangliosidosis, Sialidosis, and Niemann–Pick type C. We used specific markers for each pathology. Results and Conclusions: We demonstrated that with our methods, it is possible to clearly distinguish the levels of accumulated metabolites in fibroblasts from affected and unaffected patients for all the three pathologies considered. Our methods proved to be rapid, sensitive, unbiased, and potentially applicable to other LSDs.
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Pančík F, Pakanová Z, Květoň F, Baráth P. Diagnostics of lysosomal storage diseases by mass spectrometry: a review. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lawrence R, Van Vleet JL, Mangini L, Harris A, Martin N, Clark W, Chandriani S, LeBowitz JH, Giugliani R, d'Azzo A, Yogalingam G, Crawford BE. Characterization of glycan substrates accumulating in GM1 Gangliosidosis. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100524. [PMID: 31720227 PMCID: PMC6838976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by the disruption of the GLB1 gene that encodes β-galactosidase, a lysosomal hydrolase that removes β-linked galactose from the non-reducing end of glycans. Deficiency of this catabolic enzyme leads to the lysosomal accumulation of GM1 and its asialo derivative GA1 in β-galactosidase deficient patients and animal models. In addition to GM1 and GA1, there are other glycoconjugates that contain β-linked galactose whose metabolites are substrates for β-galactosidase. For example, a number of N-linked glycan structures that have galactose at their non-reducing end have been shown to accumulate in GM1 gangliosidosis patient tissues and biological fluids. Objective In this study, we attempt to fully characterize the broad array of GLB1 substrates that require GLB1 for their lysosomal turnover. Results Using tandem mass spectrometry and glycan reductive isotope labeling with data-dependent mass spectrometry, we have confirmed the accumulation of glycolipids (GM1 and GA1) and N-linked glycans with terminal beta-linked galactose. We have also discovered a novel set of core 1 and 2 O-linked glycan metabolites, many of which are part of structurally-related isobaric series that accumulate in disease. In the brain of GLB1 null mice, the levels of these glycan metabolites increased along with those of both GM1 and GA1 as a function of age. In addition to brain tissue, we found elevated levels of both N-linked and O-linked glycan metabolites in a number of peripheral tissues and in urine. Both brain and urine samples from human GM1 gangliosidosis patients exhibited large increases in steady state levels for the same glycan metabolites, demonstrating their correlation with this disease in humans as well. Conclusions Our studies illustrate that GLB1 deficiency is not purely a ganglioside accumulation disorder, but instead a broad oligosaccharidosis that include representatives of many β-linked galactose containing glycans and glycoconjugates including glycolipids, N-linked glycans, and various O-linked glycans. Accounting for all β-galactosidase substrates that accumulate when this enzyme is deficient increases our understanding of this severe disorder by identifying metabolites that may drive certain aspects of the disease and may also serve as informative disease biomarkers to fully evaluate the efficacy of future therapies.
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Key Words
- A2G2, Oxford glycan naming designation for NA2 glycan
- BMP, Bis(monoacylglycero) phosphate
- Beta-galactosidase
- Disease biomarkers
- GLB1
- GLB1, β-galactosidase
- GM1 gangliosidosis
- GRIL-LC/MS, glycan reductive isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- Gal, galactose
- GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine
- Glycan metabolites
- Glycoanalysis
- Hex, hexose
- HexNAc, N-acetylhexosamine
- KS, keratan sulfate
- MPS, mucopolysaccharidosis
- Man, mannose
- NRE, non-reducing end
- TIC, total ion current
- XIC, extracted ion current
- dp, degree of polymerization
- m/z, mass over charge
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lawrence
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | | | - Linley Mangini
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Adam Harris
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Nathan Martin
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Wyatt Clark
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | | | | | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Department of Genetics, UFRGS, and INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Chen JC, Luu AR, Wise N, Angelis RD, Agrawal V, Mangini L, Vincelette J, Handyside B, Sterling H, Lo MJ, Wong H, Galicia N, Pacheco G, Van Vleet J, Giaramita A, Fong S, Roy SM, Hague C, Lawrence R, Bullens S, Christianson TM, d'Azzo A, Crawford BE, Bunting S, LeBowitz JH, Yogalingam G. Intracerebroventricular enzyme replacement therapy with β-galactosidase reverses brain pathologies due to GM1 gangliosidosis in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:13532-13555. [PMID: 31481471 PMCID: PMC7521651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive mutations in the galactosidase β1 (GLB1) gene cause lysosomal β-gal deficiency, resulting in accumulation of galactose-containing substrates and onset of the progressive and fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease, GM1 gangliosidosis. Here, an enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) approach in fibroblasts from GM1 gangliosidosis patients with recombinant human β-gal (rhβ-gal) produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells enabled direct and precise rhβ-gal delivery to acidified lysosomes. A single, low dose (3 nm) of rhβ-gal was sufficient for normalizing β-gal activity and mediating substrate clearance for several weeks. We found that rhβ-gal uptake by the fibroblasts is dose-dependent and saturable and can be competitively inhibited by mannose 6-phosphate, suggesting cation-independent, mannose 6-phosphate receptor–mediated endocytosis from the cell surface. A single intracerebroventricularly (ICV) administered dose of rhβ-gal (100 μg) resulted in broad bilateral biodistribution of rhβ-gal to critical regions of pathology in a mouse model of GM1 gangliosidosis. Weekly ICV dosing of rhβ-gal for 8 weeks substantially reduced brain levels of ganglioside and oligosaccharide substrates and reversed well-established secondary neuropathology. Of note, unlike with the ERT approach, chronic lentivirus-mediated GLB1 overexpression in the GM1 gangliosidosis patient fibroblasts caused accumulation of a prelysosomal pool of β-gal, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This outcome was unsurprising in light of our in vitro biophysical findings for rhβ-gal, which include pH-dependent and concentration-dependent stability and dynamic self-association. Collectively, our results highlight that ICV-ERT is an effective therapeutic intervention for managing GM1 gangliosidosis potentially more safely than with gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Chen
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Amanda R Luu
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Nathan Wise
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Rolando De Angelis
- Process Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Vishal Agrawal
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Linley Mangini
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Jon Vincelette
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Britta Handyside
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Harry Sterling
- Process Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Melanie J Lo
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Hio Wong
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Nicole Galicia
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Glenn Pacheco
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Jeremy Van Vleet
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | | | - Sylvia Fong
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Sushmita M Roy
- Process Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Chuck Hague
- Process Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Roger Lawrence
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Sherry Bullens
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | | | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Brett E Crawford
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | - Stuart Bunting
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949
| | | | - Gouri Yogalingam
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Novato, California 94949.
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Case study: monitoring of Glc4 tetrasaccharide in the urine of Pompe patients, use of MALDI-TOF MS, and 1H NMR. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mantovani V, Galeotti F, Maccari F, Volpi N. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis separation of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:179-189. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mantovani
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Fabio Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
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Piraud M, Pettazzoni M, Menegaut L, Caillaud C, Nadjar Y, Vianey-Saban C, Froissart R. Development of a new tandem mass spectrometry method for urine and amniotic fluid screening of oligosaccharidoses. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:951-963. [PMID: 28370531 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The first step in the diagnosis of oligosaccharidoses is to evidence abnormal oligosaccharides excreted in urine, usually performed by the poorly sensitive but efficient thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Developing a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique could be of great interest to replace TLC. METHODS Abnormal underivatized oligosaccharides have been recently studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, allowing the unambiguous identification of oligosaccharidoses. Based on this previous work, we developed an advantageous and efficient liquid chromatography (LC)/MS/MS method using a more common triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer for oligosaccharides analysis. RESULTS Oligosaccharidoses (n = 97) and control (n = 240) urine samples were analysed. A specific pattern was obtained for each oligosaccharidosis using this method. In urine, it allows not only the identification of all the oligosaccharidoses previously identified by TLC (fucosidosis, alphamannosidosis, aspartylglucosaminuria, GM1 gangliosidosis, sialidosis, galactosialidosis and Schindler disease), but also extends the field of diagnosis to mucolipidosis type II, Sandhoff disease, and β-mannosidosis. The same technique was applied to 16 amniotic fluid supernatants from oligosaccharidosis-affected foetuses (n = 16) compared with 37 unaffected. All the affected foetuses could be clearly identified: sialidosis (n = 3), galactosialidosis (n = 4), aspartylglucosaminuria (n = 1), mucolipidosis type II (n = 4) or GM1 gangliosidosis (n = 4). This technique can be applied to early prenatal diagnosis as well as to the oligosaccharidosis screening in the case of non-immune hydrops fetalis. CONCLUSIONS The method is quick and easy to run, with an LC analysis time of 13 min per sample. The quantitative validation could not be obtained in the absence of a specific standard and of a labelled internal standard for each compound. Even if this LC/MS/MS method is only qualitative, it is very specific and much more sensitive than TLC. It allows the urinary screening of oligosaccharidoses, even mild or late-onset forms, and the screening of antenatal forms in amniotic fluid. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Piraud
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Magali Pettazzoni
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Louise Menegaut
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire François Mitterrand, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Caillaud
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France ; Unité INSERM 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Yann Nadjar
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtriére, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Christine Vianey-Saban
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- Unité INSERM U1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, Université Lyon-1, Lyon, France
| | - Roseline Froissart
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, UM Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
- UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL, Lyon, France
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