1
|
Graf HG, Rudisch BM, Ude L, Müller L, Huhn C. Picomolar detection limits for glyphosate by two-dimensional column-coupled isotachophoresis/capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3887-3899. [PMID: 35998068 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry often lacks sufficient limits of detection for trace substances in the environment due to its low loadability. To overcome this problem, we conducted a feasibility study for column-coupling isotachophoresis to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. The first dimension isotachophoresis preconcentrated the analytes. The column-coupling of both dimensions was achieved by a hybrid capillary microfluidic chip setup. Reliable analyte transfer by voltage switching was enabled by an in-chip capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector placed around the channel of the common section between two T-shaped crossings in the chip connecting both dimensions. This eliminated the need to calculate the moment of analyte transfer. A commercial capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry instrument with easily installable adaptations operated the setup. Prior to coupling isotachophoresis with capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, both dimensions were optimized individually by simulations and verified experimentally. Both dimensions were able to stack/separate all degradation products of glyphosate, the most important herbicide applied worldwide. The first dimension isotachophoresis also removed phosphate, which is a critical matrix component in many environmental samples. Enrichment and separation of glyphosate and its main degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid by the 2D setup provided an excellent limit of detection of 150 pM (25 ng/L) for glyphosate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Georg Graf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Ude
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linda Müller
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piestansky J, Matuskova M, Cizmarova I, Majerova P, Kovac A, Mikus P. Ultrasensitive determination of serotonin in human urine by a two dimensional capillary isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462190. [PMID: 33979756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional capillary isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis method hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated for ultrasensitive quantification of serotonin in real human urine samples. Under optimal conditions, the separation was achieved within 12 min (including on-line sample preparation) with the limit of detection of 34 pg mL-1 (due to a large volume sample injection, here 10 µL, and isotachophoretic preconcentration). This concentration limit represents the lowest value for serotonin in comparison to other previously published separation methods employing mass spectrometry detection and applied to urine matrices. Thanks to high orthogonality, on-line concentration and clean-up effects of this approach, other excellent validation parameters such as linearity (coefficient of determination > 0.99), inter-day and intra-day precision (relative standard deviations 3.5-12.2%), accuracy (relative errors within 99-109.4%), and recovery (96-102%) could be easily obtained too. To demonstrate applicability of the method, we monitored serotonin levels in various real samples (from a healthy volunteer and clinical ones). The determined levels, normalized on the creatinine concentrations, were in the range of 6.81-12.86 ng mmol-1 creatinine This advanced method is suggested for an effective, reliable, high sample throughput, and low cost routine clinical screening or targeted metabolomic studies of serotonin in urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piestansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Matuskova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Cizmarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Opekar F, Tůma P. Characterization of various geometric arrangements of "air-assisted" flow gating interfaces for capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:749-755. [PMID: 33191565 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
For connecting flow-through analytical methods with capillary electrophoresis, a chip working in the air-assisted flow gating interface regime is cast from poly(dimethylsiloxane). In the injection space, the exit from the delivery capillary is placed close to the entrance to the separation capillary. Prior to injecting the sample into the separation capillary, the background electrolyte is forced out of the injection space by a stream of air. In the empty space, a drop of the sample with a volume of <100 nL is formed between the exit from the delivery capillary and the entrance into the separation capillary, from which the sample is injected hydrodynamically into the separation capillary. After injection, the injection space is filled with BGE, and the separation can be begun. Three geometric variants for the mutual geometric arrangement of the delivery and separation capillaries were tested: the delivery capillary is placed perpendicular to the separation capillary, from either above or below, or the capillaries are placed axially, that is, directly opposite one another. All of the variants are equivalent from the analytical and separation efficiency viewpoints. The repeatability expressed by RSD is up to 5%. The tested flow gating interface variants are also suitable for continuous and discontinuous sampling at flow rates of the order of units of μL/min. The developed instrument for sequential electrophoretic analysis operates fully automatically and is suitable for rapid sequential monitoring of dynamic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- František Opekar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Tůma
- Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Opekar F, Tůma P. Dialysis of one sample drop on-line connected with electrophoresis in short capillary. Talanta 2020; 219:121252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
5
|
Römer J, Kiessig S, Moritz B, Neusüß C. Improved CE(SDS)-CZE-MS method utilizing an 8-port nanoliter valve. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:374-380. [PMID: 32762042 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Capillary sieving electrophoresis utilizing SDS (CE(SDS)) is one of the most applied methods for the analysis of antibody (mAb) size heterogeneity in the biopharmaceutical industry. Inadequate peak identification of observed protein fragments is still a major issue. In a recent publication, we introduced an electrophoretic 2D system, enabling online mass spectrometric detection of generic CE(SDS) separated peaks and identification of several mAb fragments. However, an improvement regarding system stability and handling of the approach was desired. Here, we introduce a novel 8-port valve in conjunction with an optimized decomplexation strategy. The valve contains four sample loops with increased distances between the separation dimensions. Thus, successively coinjection of solvent and cationic surfactant without any additional detector in the second dimension is enabled, simplifying the decomplexation strategy. Removal efficiency was optimized by testing different volumes of solvents as presample and cationic surfactant as postsample zone. 2D measurements of the light and heavy chain of the reduced NIST mAb with the 8-port valve and the optimized decomplexation strategy demonstrates the increased robustness of the system. The presented novel set-up is a step toward routine application of CE(SDS)-CZE-MS for impurity characterization of proteins in the biopharmaceutical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Römer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Aalen, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Melzer T, Wimmer B, Bock S, Posch TN, Huhn C. Challenges and applications of isotachophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1045-1059. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Melzer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | - Benedikt Wimmer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | - Stephanie Bock
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| | | | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Römer J, Montealegre C, Schlecht J, Kiessig S, Moritz B, Neusüß C. Online mass spectrometry of CE (SDS)-separated proteins by two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7197-7206. [PMID: 31616969 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is the fundamental technique for protein separation by size. Applying this technology in capillary format, gaining high separation efficiency in a more automated way, is a key technology for size separation of proteins in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, unequivocal identification by online mass spectrometry (MS) is impossible so far, due to strong interference in the electrospray process by SDS and other components of the SDS-MW separation gel buffer. Here, a heart-cut two-dimensional electrophoretic separation system applying an electrically isolated valve with an internal loop of 20 nL is presented. The peak of interest in the CE (SDS) separation is transferred to the CZE-MS, where electrospray-interfering substances of the SDS-MW gel are separated prior to online electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. An online SDS removal strategy for decomplexing the protein-SDS complex is implemented in the second dimension, consisting of the co-injection of organic solvent and cationic surfactant. This online CE (SDS)-CZE-MS system allows MS characterization of proteoforms separated in generic CE (SDS), gaining additional separation in the CZE and detailed MS information. In general, the system can be applied to all kinds of proteins separated by CE (SDS). Here, we present results of the CE (SDS)-CZE-MS system on the analysis of several biopharmaceutically relevant antibody impurities and fragments. Additionally, the versatile application spectrum of the system is demonstrated by the analysis of extracted proteins from soybean flour. The online hyphenation of CE (SDS) resolving power and MS identification capabilities will be a powerful tool for protein and mAb characterization. Graphical abstract Two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis system hyphenated with mass spectrometry for the characterization of CE (SDS)-separated proteins. As first dimension, a generic and high MS-interfering CE (SDS) separation is performed for size separation. After heart-cut transfer of the unknown CE (SDS) protein peak, via a four-port nanoliter valve to a volatile electrolyte system as second dimension, interference-free mass spectrometric data of separated mAb fragments and soybean proteins are obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Römer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Montealegre
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schlecht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Kiessig
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Moritz
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstraße 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstraße 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schlecht J, Jooß K, Neusüß C. Two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-CE-MS): coupling MS-interfering capillary electromigration methods with mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6353-6359. [PMID: 29862434 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electromigration separation techniques often demand certain compounds in the electrolyte to achieve the required selectivity and efficiency. These compounds, including the electrolyte itself, ampholytes, polymeric compounds for sieving, complexing agents, tensides, etc. are often non-volatile. Thus, interference with the electrospray ionization process is a common issue, impeding direct coupling of such electrolyte systems to mass spectrometry. Still, several options exist to obtain mass spectra after separation, including offline fractionation, alternative ionization, dilution, or the change to volatile constituents. In the first part of this article, these methods are discussed. However, all of these options are a compromise of separation performance and sensitivity of mass spectrometric detection. Two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-CE-MS) systems represent a promising alternative to the aforementioned challenges, as they allow the use of existing methods with best separation performance in combination with sensitive mass characterization. In this context, the second part of this article is dedicated to the advantages, limitations, and applications of this approach. Finally, an outlook towards future developments is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schlecht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kevin Jooß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.,Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Piešťanský J, Maráková K, Mikuš P. Two-Dimensional Capillary Electrophoresis with On-Line Sample Preparation and Cyclodextrin Separation Environment for Direct Determination of Serotonin in Human Urine. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101668. [PMID: 28991152 PMCID: PMC6151686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An advanced two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis method, based on on-line combination of capillary isotachophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis with cyclodextrin additive in background electrolyte, was developed for effective determination of serotonin in human urine. Hydrodynamically closed separation system and large bore capillaries (300–800 µm) were chosen for the possibility to enhance the sample load capacity, and, by that, to decrease limit of detection. Isotachophoresis served for the sample preseparation, defined elimination of sample matrix constituents (sample clean up), and preconcentration of the analyte. Cyclodextrin separation environment enhanced separation selectivity of capillary zone electrophoresis. In this way, serotonin could be successfully separated from the rest of the sample matrix constituents migrating in capillary zone electrophoresis step so that human urine could be directly (i.e., without any external sample preparation) injected into the analyzer. The proposed method was successfully validated, showing favorable parameters of sensitivity (limit of detection for serotonin was 2.32 ng·mL−1), linearity (regression coefficient higher than 0.99), precision (repeatability of the migration time and peak area were in the range of 0.02–1.17% and 5.25–7.88%, respectively), and recovery (ranging in the interval of 90.0–93.6%). The developed method was applied for the assay of the human urine samples obtained from healthy volunteers. The determined concentrations of serotonin in such samples were in the range of 12.4–491.2 ng·mL−1 that was in good agreement with literature data. This advanced method represents a highly effective, reliable, and low-cost alternative for the routine determination of serotonin as a biomarker in human urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piešťanský
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak.
- Toxicological and Antidoping center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak.
| | - Katarína Maráková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak.
- Toxicological and Antidoping center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak.
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak.
- Toxicological and Antidoping center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovak.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2015-mid 2017). Electrophoresis 2017; 39:209-234. [PMID: 28836681 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review brings a comprehensive overview of recent developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) to analysis, microscale isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides in the years 2015, 2016, and ca. up to the middle of 2017. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis (sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, and detection) are described. New developments in particular CE and CEC methods are presented and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are reported: qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC methods to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jooß K, Hühner J, Kiessig S, Moritz B, Neusüß C. Two-dimensional capillary zone electrophoresis–mass spectrometry for the characterization of intact monoclonal antibody charge variants, including deamidation products. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6057-6067. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
12
|
Opekar F, Tůma P. Coaxial flow-gating interface for capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3138-3143. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- František Opekar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Charles University; Prague 2 Czechia
| | - Petr Tůma
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology; Charles University; Prague 10 Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Piešťanský J, Maráková K, Galba J, Kováč A, Mikuš P. Comparison of hydrodynamically closed two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis coupled with ultraviolet detection and hydrodynamically open capillary electrophoresis hyphenated with mass spectrometry in the bioanalysis of varenicline. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2292-2303. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Piešťanský
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Maráková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Galba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
- Institute of Neuroimmunology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kováč
- Institute of Neuroimmunology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Viefhues M, Eichhorn R. DNA dielectrophoresis: Theory and applications a review. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1483-1506. [PMID: 28306161 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis is the migration of an electrically polarizable particle in an inhomogeneous electric field. This migration can be exploited for several applications with (bio)molecules or cells. Dielectrophoresis is a noninvasive technique; therefore, it is very convenient for (selective) manipulation of (bio)molecules or cells. In this review, we will focus on DNA dielectrophoresis as this technique offers several advantages in trapping and immobilization, separation and purification, and analysis of DNA molecules. We present and discuss the underlying theory of the most important forces that have to be considered for applications with dielectrophoresis. Moreover, a review of DNA dielectrophoresis applications is provided to present the state-of-the-art and to offer the reader a perspective of the advances and current limitations of DNA dielectrophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Viefhues
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ralf Eichhorn
- Nordita, Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ranjbar L, Foley JP, Breadmore MC. Multidimensional liquid-phase separations combining both chromatography and electrophoresis – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 950:7-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
16
|
Opekar F, Tůma P. Hydrodynamic sample injection into short electrophoretic capillary in systems with a flow-gating interface. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1480:93-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
17
|
Sydes D, Kler PA, Meyer H, Zipfl P, Lutz D, Huhn C. On-chip intermediate LED-IF-based detection for the control of electromigration in multichannel networks. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8713-8725. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Sydes D, Kler PA, Hermans M, Huhn C. Zero-dead-volume interfaces for two-dimensional electrophoretic separations. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:3020-3024. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sydes
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Pablo A. Kler
- CIMEC; Centro de Investigación de Métodos Computacionales (UNL-CONICET); Santa Fe Argentina
| | | | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hradski J, Chorváthová MD, Bodor R, Sabo M, Matejčík Š, Masár M. Quantitative aspects of microchip isotachophoresis for high precision determination of main components in pharmaceuticals. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8669-8679. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
20
|
Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent applications of capillary electromigration methods to separation and analysis of proteins. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:23-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Lombard-Banek C, Reddy S, Moody SA, Nemes P. Label-free Quantification of Proteins in Single Embryonic Cells with Neural Fate in the Cleavage-Stage Frog (Xenopus laevis) Embryo using Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (CE-ESI-HRMS). Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2756-68. [PMID: 27317400 PMCID: PMC4974349 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of protein expression in single cells promises to advance a systems-level understanding of normal development. Using a bottom-up proteomic workflow and multiplexing quantification by tandem mass tags, we recently demonstrated relative quantification between single embryonic cells (blastomeres) in the frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo. In this study, we minimize derivatization steps to enhance analytical sensitivity and use label-free quantification (LFQ) for single Xenopus cells. The technology builds on a custom-designed capillary electrophoresis microflow-electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry platform and LFQ by MaxLFQ (MaxQuant). By judiciously tailoring performance to peptide separation, ionization, and data-dependent acquisition, we demonstrate an ∼75-amol (∼11 nm) lower limit of detection and quantification for proteins in complex cell digests. The platform enabled the identification of 438 nonredundant protein groups by measuring 16 ng of protein digest, or <0.2% of the total protein contained in a blastomere in the 16-cell embryo. LFQ intensity was validated as a quantitative proxy for protein abundance. Correlation analysis was performed to compare protein quantities between the embryo and n = 3 different single D11 blastomeres, which are fated to develop into the nervous system. A total of 335 nonredundant protein groups were quantified in union between the single D11 cells spanning a 4 log-order concentration range. LFQ and correlation analysis detected expected proteomic differences between the whole embryo and blastomeres, and also found translational differences between individual D11 cells. LFQ on single cells raises exciting possibilities to study gene expression in other cells and models to help better understand cell processes on a systems biology level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushma Reddy
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and ¶Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, Virginia
| | - Sally A Moody
- §Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Quantification of ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid in effervescent tablets by CZE-UV and identification of related degradation products by heart-cut CZE-CZE-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8701-8712. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Hühner J, Neusüß C. CIEF-CZE-MS applying a mechanical valve. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4055-61. [PMID: 27052774 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Separation and determination of proteins by capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) and mass spectrometry (MS) are essential and complementary techniques in the field of bioanalysis. The hyphenation of these two techniques is challenging due to the nonvolatile substances required for the CIEF separation. An additional separation step prior to MS enables the removal of the nonvolatile substances. However, it is complicated due to the small transfer volume and the required high voltages in the CIEF process. In order to remove nonvolatile substances and transfer the analytes toward the mass spectrometer, we applied a four-port valve to couple CIEF online to capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. To demonstrate the power of this concept, hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin with an isoelectric point difference of 0.037 were separated via isoelectric focusing and characterized by MS. In general, this setup guaranties interference-free mass spectra and will provide an information-rich and sensitive top down protein characterization. Graphical abstract Interference free coupling of capillary isoelectric focusing to mass spectrometry by applying a mechanical valve. The focused proteins were tranferred from the isoelectric focusing to capillary electrophoresis by a mechanical valve. Afterwards, the transferred protein was sepearated from ionization interfering substances in the capillary electrophoresis prior to the mass spectrometry detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hühner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Faculty of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430, Aalen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2013-middle 2015). Electrophoresis 2015; 37:162-88. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in proteomic and peptidomic analyses. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:198-211. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|