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Beattie JW, Istrate A, Lu A, Marshall C, Rowland-Jones RC, Farys M, Kazarian SG, Byrne B. Causes of Industrial Protein A Column Degradation, Explored Using Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15703-15710. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James W. Beattie
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alena Istrate
- Biopharm Process Research, Medicine Development & Supply, GSK R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, HertfordshireSG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Marshall
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Rowland-Jones
- Biopharm Process Research, Medicine Development & Supply, GSK R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, HertfordshireSG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Farys
- Biopharm Process Research, Medicine Development & Supply, GSK R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, HertfordshireSG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Beattie JW, Rowland-Jones RC, Farys M, Tran R, Kazarian SG, Byrne B. Insight into purification of monoclonal antibodies in industrial columns via studies of Protein A binding capacity by in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Analyst 2021; 146:5177-5185. [PMID: 34296229 PMCID: PMC8351638 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00985k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are effective treatments for a range of cancers and other serious diseases, however mAb treatments cost on average ∼$100 000 per year per patient, limiting their use. Currently, industry favours Protein A affinity chromatography (PrAc) as the key step in downstream processing of mAbs. This step, although highly efficient, represents a significant mAb production cost. Fouling of the Protein A column and Protein A ligand leaching contribute to the cost of mAb production by shortening the life span of the resin. In this study, we assessed the performance of used PrAc resin recovered from the middle inlet, center and outlet as well as the side inlet of a pilot-scale industrial column. We used a combination of static binding capacity (SBC) analysis and Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to explore the used resin samples. SBC analysis demonstrated that resin from the inlet of the column had lower binding capacity than resin from the column outlet. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with PLS (partial least square) analysis confirmed the results obtained from SBC analysis. Importantly, in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy also allowed both measurement of the concentration and assessment of the conformational state of the bound Protein A. Our results reveal that PrAc resin degradation after use is dependent on column location and that neither Protein A ligand leaching nor denaturation are responsible for binding capacity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Beattie
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK. and Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Ruth C Rowland-Jones
- Biopharm Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Monika Farys
- Biopharm Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Richard Tran
- Biopharm Process Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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Tiernan H, Byrne B, Kazarian SG. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging for the analysis of biopharmaceuticals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 241:118636. [PMID: 32610215 PMCID: PMC7308041 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a label-free, non-destructive technique that can be applied to a vast range of biological applications, from imaging cancer tissues and live cells, to determining protein content and protein secondary structure composition. This review summarises the recent advances in applications of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to biopharmaceuticals, the application of this technique to biosimilars, and the current uses of FTIR spectroscopy in biopharmaceutical production. We discuss the use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging to investigate biopharmaceuticals, and finally, give an outlook on the possible future developments and applications of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging to this field. Throughout the review comparisons will be made between FTIR spectroscopy and alternative analytical techniques, and areas will be identified where FTIR spectroscopy could perhaps offer a better alternative in future studies. This review focuses on the most recent advances in the field of using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging to characterise and evaluate biopharmaceuticals, both in industrial and academic research based environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Tiernan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
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Szabó É, Baranyai LZ, Sütő Z, Salgó A, Gergely S. Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy based methods for identification of chromatography media formulations used in downstream processes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113060. [PMID: 31896522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic media play a crucial role in the downstream processing of biotechnology products. The physical and chemical properties of these processing aids are mostly monitored by expensive and time-consuming preparative tests, but spectroscopic techniques may also be used to measure chromatographic media samples. In this study, chromatographic media formulations used in downstream processes were investigated using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy. Samples were measured both in original suspension form and after drying to examine the possibilities of a potential spectroscopic method without sample preparation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify the spectral differences among the formulations with distinct support matrices and functional groups and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was performed to creating classification models for identification of chromatography media. To increase the number of samples in the SIMCA, simulated spectra were generated based on the experimental spectra. PCA models indicated that spectra of samples in original suspension form and after drying contained similar information about the chemical properties of chromatographic media samples. Moreover, during the classification of spectra based on SIMCA, both measurement techniques gave high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) results. These results show that ATR FT-IR could be applied as a simple alternative method for monitoring the chromatography media samples. This technique is also feasible without sample preparation. Thereby the multi-hours drying steps may be omitted, the measurements can be performed in a few minutes, and the potential effects of sample preparations can be eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Szabó
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Zoltán Baranyai
- Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc. Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sütő
- Department of Biotechnology, Gedeon Richter Plc. Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Salgó
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilveszter Gergely
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.
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Pathak M, Lintern K, Johnson TF, Nair AM, Mukherji S, Bracewell DG, Rathore AS. Analytical tools for monitoring changes in physical and chemical properties of chromatography resin upon reuse. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:3074-3083. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mili Pathak
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
| | - Katherine Lintern
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F. Johnson
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Aswathy M. Nair
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay India
| | - Soumyo Mukherji
- Department of Biosciences and BioengineeringIndian Institute of Technology Bombay India
| | - Daniel G. Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College London London United Kingdom
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology New Delhi India
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Ramos-de-la-Peña AM, Aguilar O. Electrokinetic assessment of RNase A species and innovative PEG-grafted agarose-based resins used in downstream processing of PEGylated proteins. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Singh N, Herzer S. Downstream Processing Technologies/Capturing and Final Purification : Opportunities for Innovation, Change, and Improvement. A Review of Downstream Processing Developments in Protein Purification. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:115-178. [PMID: 28795201 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased pressure on upstream processes to maximize productivity has been crowned with great success, although at the cost of shifting the bottleneck to purification. As drivers were economical, focus is on now on debottlenecking downstream processes as the main drivers of high manufacturing cost. Devising a holistically efficient and economical process remains a key challenge. Traditional and emerging protein purification strategies with particular emphasis on methodologies implemented for the production of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical importance are reviewed. The breadth of innovation is addressed, as well as the challenges the industry faces today, with an eye to remaining impartial, fair, and balanced. In addition, the scope encompasses both chromatographic and non-chromatographic separations directed at the purification of proteins, with a strong emphasis on antibodies. Complete solutions such as integrated USP/DSP strategies (i.e., continuous processing) are discussed as well as gains in data quantity and quality arising from automation and high-throughput screening (HTS). Best practices and advantages through design of experiments (DOE) to access a complex design space such as multi-modal chromatography are reviewed with an outlook on potential future trends. A discussion of single-use technology, its impact and opportunities for further growth, and the exciting developments in modeling and simulation of DSP rounds out the overview. Lastly, emerging trends such as 3D printing and nanotechnology are covered. Graphical Abstract Workflow of high-throughput screening, design of experiments, and high-throughput analytics to understand design space and design space boundaries quickly. (Reproduced with permission from Gregory Barker, Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Singh
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Devens, MA, 01434, USA.
| | - Sibylle Herzer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Hopewell, NJ, 01434, USA
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Williams KL. The Biologics Revolution and Endotoxin Test Concerns. ENDOTOXIN DETECTION AND CONTROL IN PHARMA, LIMULUS, AND MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123716 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17148-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The advent of “at will” production of biologics in lieu of harvesting animal proteins (i.e. insulin) or human cadaver proteins (i.e. growth hormone) has revolutionized the treatment of disease. While the fruits of the biotechnology revolution are widely acknowledged, the realization of the differences in the means of production and changes in the manner of control of potential impurities and contaminants in regard to the new versus the old are less widely appreciated. This chapter is an overview of the biologics revolution in terms of the rigors of manufacturing required to produce them, their mechanism of action, and caveats of endotoxin control. It is a continulation of the previous chapter that established a basic background knowledge of adaptive immune principles necessary to understand the mode of action of both disease causation and biologics therapeutic treatment via immune modulation.
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Shekhawat LK, Pathak M, Sakar J, Rathore AS. Process development in the Quality by Design paradigm: Modeling of Protein A chromatography resin fouling. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1570:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Boulet-Audet M, Kazarian SG, Byrne B. In-column ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to monitor affinity chromatography purification of monoclonal antibodies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30526. [PMID: 27470880 PMCID: PMC4965771 DOI: 10.1038/srep30526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years many monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have entered the biotherapeutics market, offering new treatments for chronic and life-threatening diseases. Protein A resin captures monoclonal antibody (mAb) effectively, but the binding capacity decays over repeated purification cycles. On an industrial scale, replacing fouled Protein A affinity chromatography resin accounts for a large proportion of the raw material cost. Cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures were developed to extend Protein A resin lifespan, but chromatograms cannot reliably quantify any remaining contaminants over repeated cycles. To study resin fouling in situ, we coupled affinity chromatography and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the first time, by embedding an attenuated total reflection (ATR) sensor inside a micro-scale column while measuring the UV 280 nm and conductivity. Our approach quantified the in-column protein concentration in the resin bed and determined protein conformation. Our results show that Protein A ligand leached during CIP. We also found that host cell proteins bound to the Protein A resin even more strongly than mAbs and that typical CIP conditions do not remove all fouling contaminants. The insights derived from in-column ATR-FTIR spectroscopic monitoring could contribute to mAb purification quality assurance as well as guide the development of more effective CIP conditions to optimise resin lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boulet-Audet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Adsorption and separation of HCV particles by novel affinity aptamer-functionalized adsorbents. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:174-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Advance chromatin extraction improves capture performance of protein A affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1431:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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