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Wahid B, Tiwana MS. Bacteriophage-based bioassays: an expected paradigm shift in microbial diagnostics. Future Microbiol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38900594 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, as abundant and specific agents, hold significant promise as a solution to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Their unique ability to selectively lyse bacterial cells without harming humans makes them a compelling alternative to traditional antibiotics and point-of-care diagnostics. The article reviews the current landscape of diagnostic technologies, identify gaps and highlight emerging possibilities demonstrates a comprehensive approach to advancing clinical diagnosis of microbial pathogens and covers an overview of existing phage-based bioassays. Overall, the provided data in this review effectively communicates the potential of bacteriophages in transforming therapeutic and diagnostic paradigms, offering a holistic perspective on the benefits and opportunities they present in combating microbial infections and enhancing public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braira Wahid
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton VIC Australia
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2
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Jędrusiak A, Fortuna W, Majewska J, Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E. Phage Interactions with the Nervous System in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1720. [PMID: 37443756 PMCID: PMC10341288 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system manages all of our activities (e.g., direct thinking and decision-making processes). It receives information from the environment and responds to environmental stimuli. Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages) are the most numerous structures occurring in the biosphere and are also found in the human organism. Therefore, understanding how phages may influence this system is of great importance and is the purpose of this review. We have focused on the effect of natural bacteriophages in the central nervous system, linking them to those present in the gut microbiota, creating the gut-brain axis network, as well as their interdependence. Importantly, based on the current knowledge in the field of phage application (e.g., intranasal) in the treatment of bacterial diseases associated with the brain and nervous system, bacteriophages may have significant therapeutic potential. Moreover, it was indicated that bacteriophages may influence cognitive processing. In addition, phages (via phage display technology) appear promising as a targeted therapeutic tool in the treatment of, among other things, brain cancers. The information collected and reviewed in this work indicates that phages and their impact on the nervous system is a fascinating and, so far, underexplored field. Therefore, the aim of this review is not only to summarize currently available information on the association of phages with the nervous system, but also to stimulate future studies that could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches potentially useful in treating bacterial and non-bacterial neural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jędrusiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Wojciech Fortuna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 54-427 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Infant Jesus Hospital, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
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3
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Abril AG, Carrera M, Notario V, Sánchez-Pérez Á, Villa TG. The Use of Bacteriophages in Biotechnology and Recent Insights into Proteomics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:653. [PMID: 35625297 PMCID: PMC9137636 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phages have certain features, such as their ability to form protein-protein interactions, that make them good candidates for use in a variety of beneficial applications, such as in human or animal health, industry, food science, food safety, and agriculture. It is essential to identify and characterize the proteins produced by particular phages in order to use these viruses in a variety of functional processes, such as bacterial detection, as vehicles for drug delivery, in vaccine development, and to combat multidrug resistant bacterial infections. Furthermore, phages can also play a major role in the design of a variety of cheap and stable sensors as well as in diagnostic assays that can either specifically identify specific compounds or detect bacteria. This article reviews recently developed phage-based techniques, such as the use of recombinant tempered phages, phage display and phage amplification-based detection. It also encompasses the application of phages as capture elements, biosensors and bioreceptors, with a special emphasis on novel bacteriophage-based mass spectrometry (MS) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Abril
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Marine Research Institute (IIM), 36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Marine Research Institute (IIM), 36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Vicente Notario
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Tomás G. Villa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15898 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Miruka SA, Aboge GO, Macharia RW, Obiero GO, Omwenga IM. Beta hemolysin gene of Staphylococcus phage 3AJ_2017 genome is a suitable molecular marker for identification and characterization of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:845-851. [PMID: 34878220 PMCID: PMC8959332 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus cause diseases both in humans and animals. These diseases range from mild to fatal infections thus necessitating development of a specific molecular method for detection of pathogenic S. aureus. OBJECTIVES To identify and analyze genetic profile of pathogenic S. aureus using bacteriophage based genetic biomarkers. METHODS Using culture and biochemical methods, 148 S. aureus (87 %) were isolated from 170 raw milk samples taken from 10 dairy farms in Marsabit and Isiolo counties in Northern Kenya between June 2016 and February 2017. The samples were collected directly from dairy lactating cows previously diagnosed with S. aureus in a follow-up study. The isolates were analyzed by PCR and sequencing of beta hemolysin (hlb) gene. The genetic relationship between five Kenyan S. aureus isolates and five isolates previously identified was inferred. RESULTS From the 96 isolates screened for hlb gene, 75 (78.1%) tested positive. Some of the positive isolates yielded a band size of 975 bp, while others 1100 bp. Through Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) search analysis, the two different band sizes (975 bp and 1100 bp) were both confirmed to be hlb gene from S. aureus isolates indicating that the difference in band size may have been due to deletions that were detected in the 975 bp hlb gene. Some S. aureus isolates from Kenya appeared to be closely related to isolates from other parts of the world, while some showed a distant relationship. CONCLUSIONS Phage-derived hlb gene is a suitable molecular marker for detection of pathogenic S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviane A Miruka
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gabriel O Aboge
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.,Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosaline W Macharia
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George O Obiero
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac M Omwenga
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, College of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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Phage Amplification Assay for Detection of Mycobacterial Infection: A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020237. [PMID: 33498792 PMCID: PMC7912421 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An important prerequisite for the effective control, timely diagnosis, and successful treatment of mycobacterial infections in both humans and animals is a rapid, specific, and sensitive detection technique. Culture is still considered the gold standard in the detection of viable mycobacteria; however, mycobacteria are extremely fastidious and slow-growing microorganisms, and therefore cultivation requires a very long incubation period to obtain results. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods are also frequently used in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, providing faster and more accurate results, but are unable to distinguish between a viable and non-viable microorganism, which results in an inability to determine the success of tuberculosis patient treatment or to differentiate between an active and passive infection of animals. One suitable technique that overcomes these shortcomings mentioned is the phage amplification assay (PA). PA specifically detects viable mycobacteria present in a sample within 48 h using a lytic bacteriophage isolated from the environment. Nowadays, an alternative approach to PA, a commercial kit called Actiphage™, is also employed, providing the result within 6–8 h. In this approach, the bacteriophage is used to lyse mycobacterial cells present in the sample, and the released DNA is subsequently detected by PCR. The objective of this review is to summarize information based on the PA used for detection of mycobacteria significant in both human and veterinary medicine from various kinds of matrices.
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Reporter Phage-Based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens: Design Guidelines and Recent Developments. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090944. [PMID: 32858938 PMCID: PMC7552063 DOI: 10.3390/v12090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast and reliable detection of bacterial pathogens in clinical samples, contaminated food products, and water supplies can drastically improve clinical outcomes and reduce the socio-economic impact of disease. As natural predators of bacteria, bacteriophages (phages) have evolved to bind their hosts with unparalleled specificity and to rapidly deliver and replicate their viral genome. Not surprisingly, phages and phage-encoded proteins have been used to develop a vast repertoire of diagnostic assays, many of which outperform conventional culture-based and molecular detection methods. While intact phages or phage-encoded affinity proteins can be used to capture bacteria, most phage-inspired detection systems harness viral genome delivery and amplification: to this end, suitable phages are genetically reprogrammed to deliver heterologous reporter genes, whose activity is typically detected through enzymatic substrate conversion to indicate the presence of a viable host cell. Infection with such engineered reporter phages typically leads to a rapid burst of reporter protein production that enables highly sensitive detection. In this review, we highlight recent advances in infection-based detection methods, present guidelines for reporter phage construction, outline technical aspects of reporter phage engineering, and discuss some of the advantages and pitfalls of phage-based pathogen detection. Recent improvements in reporter phage construction and engineering further substantiate the potential of these highly evolved nanomachines as rapid and inexpensive detection systems to replace or complement traditional diagnostic approaches.
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Baindara P, Ghosh AK, Mandal SM. Coevolution of Resistance Against Antimicrobial Peptides. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:880-899. [PMID: 32119634 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by all forms of life, ranging from eukaryotes to prokaryotes, and they are a crucial component of innate immunity, involved in clearing infection by inhibiting pathogen colonization. In the recent past, AMPs received high attention due to the increase of extensive antibiotic resistance by these pathogens. AMPs exhibit a diverse spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and various types of cancer. AMPs are active against various bacterial pathogens that cause disease in animals and plants. However, because of the coevolution of host and pathogen interaction, bacteria have developed the mechanisms to sense and exhibit an adaptive response against AMPs. These resistance mechanisms are playing an important role in bacterial virulence within the host. Here, we have discussed the different resistance mechanisms used by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to sense and combat AMP actions. Understanding the mechanism of AMP resistance may provide directions toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ananta K Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Santi M Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Assumpção YDM, Teixeira IM, Paletta ACC, Ferreira EDO, Pinto TCA, Penna BDA. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-based method for accurate discrimination of Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108472. [PMID: 31902510 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
S. schleiferi is one of the main species isolated from canine otitis externa, pyoderma and from apparently healthy dogs. The species is divided into two subspecies, S. schleiferi schleiferi and S. schleiferi coagulans. MALDI-TOF MS does not distinguish correctly these two subspecies. This study aimed to identify biomarkers that could possibly discriminate Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies by MALDI-TOF MS. Twelve strains (eight S. schleiferi schleiferi and four S. schleiferi coagulans) were firstly identified. Each isolate was submitted to a protein extraction protocol and subjected to spectrometry on Bruker Microflex LT mass spectrometer. Spectra were analyzed with the BioNumerics software v7.6. Our results showed that spectra clustered according to subspecies, and a set of five MALDI-TOF MS biomarkers were selected to enable the discrimination of S. schleiferi subspecies. In addition, these biomarkers were predicted to represent highly conserved proteins, which could contribute to the identification of subspecies-specific proteins that could be used for improved subspecies identification in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmim de Moraes Assumpção
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ (Rua Professor Hernani Melo No 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, CEP: 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Izabel M Teixeira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ (Rua Professor Hernani Melo No 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, CEP: 24210-130, Brazil; Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro, Instituto De Microbiologia Paulo De Góes, Rio De Janeiro, RJ (Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I, 2° Andar, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Cabral Paletta
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ (Rua Professor Hernani Melo No 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, CEP: 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Eliane de Oliveira Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro, Instituto De Microbiologia Paulo De Góes, Rio De Janeiro, RJ (Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I, 2° Andar, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C A Pinto
- Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro, Instituto De Microbiologia Paulo De Góes, Rio De Janeiro, RJ (Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I, 2° Andar, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno de A Penna
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Niterói, RJ (Rua Professor Hernani Melo No 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, CEP: 24210-130, Brazil.
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van Belkum A, Rochas O. Laboratory-Based and Point-of-Care Testing for MSSA/MRSA Detection in the Age of Whole Genome Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1437. [PMID: 30008711 PMCID: PMC6034072 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen of animals and humans that is capable of both colonizing and infecting its eukaryotic host. It is frequently detected in the clinical microbiology routine laboratory. S. aureus is capable of acquiring antibiotic resistance traits with ease and, given its rapid global dissemination, resistance to meticillin in S. aureus has received extensive coverage in the popular and medical press. The detection of meticillin-resistant versus meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) is of significant clinical importance. Detection of meticillin resistance is relatively straightforward since it is defined by a single determinant, penicillin-binding protein 2a', which exists in a limited number of genetic variants carried on various Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosomes mec. Diagnosis of MRSA and MSSA has evolved significantly over the past decades and there has been a strong shift from culture-based, phenotypic methods toward molecular detection, especially given the close correlation between the presence of the mec genes and phenotypic resistance. This brief review summarizes the current state of affairs concerning the mostly polymerase chain reaction-mediated detection of MRSA and MSSA in either the classical laboratory setting or at the point of care. The potential diagnostic impact of the currently emerging whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology will be discussed against a background of diagnostic, surveillance, and infection control parameters. Adequate detection of MSSA and MRSA is at the basis of any subsequent, more generic antibiotic susceptibility testing, epidemiological characterization, and detection of virulence factors, whether performed with classical technology or WGS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Unit, bioMérieux, La Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - Olivier Rochas
- Strategic Intelligence, Business Development Direction, bioMérieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
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10
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Štveráková D, Šedo O, Benešík M, Zdráhal Z, Doškař J, Pantůček R. Rapid Identification of Intact Staphylococcal Bacteriophages Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040176. [PMID: 29617332 PMCID: PMC5923470 DOI: 10.3390/v10040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative agent of infections associated with hospital environments, where antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged as a significant threat. Phage therapy could offer a safe and effective alternative to antibiotics. Phage preparations should comply with quality and safety requirements; therefore, it is important to develop efficient production control technologies. This study was conducted to develop and evaluate a rapid and reliable method for identifying staphylococcal bacteriophages, based on detecting their specific proteins using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling that is among the suggested methods for meeting the regulations of pharmaceutical authorities. Five different phage purification techniques were tested in combination with two MALDI-TOF MS matrices. Phages, either purified by CsCl density gradient centrifugation or as resuspended phage pellets, yielded mass spectra with the highest information value if ferulic acid was used as the MALDI matrix. Phage tail and capsid proteins yielded the strongest signals whereas the culture conditions had no effect on mass spectral quality. Thirty-seven phages from Myoviridae, Siphoviridae or Podoviridae families were analysed, including 23 siphophages belonging to the International Typing Set for human strains of S. aureus, as well as phages in preparations produced by Microgen, Bohemia Pharmaceuticals and MB Pharma. The data obtained demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS can be used to effectively distinguish between Staphylococcus-specific bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Štveráková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Šedo
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Benešík
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Doškař
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Pantůček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic.
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11
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Richter Ł, Janczuk-Richter M, Niedziółka-Jönsson J, Paczesny J, Hołyst R. Recent advances in bacteriophage-based methods for bacteria detection. Drug Discov Today 2017; 23:448-455. [PMID: 29158194 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fast and reliable bacteria detection is crucial for lowering the socioeconomic burden related to bacterial infections (e.g., in healthcare, industry or security). Bacteriophages (i.e., viruses with bacterial hosts) pose advantages such as great specificity, robustness, toughness and cheap preparation, making them popular biorecognition elements in biosensors and other assays for bacteria detection. There are several possible designs of bacteriophage-based biosensors. Here, we focus on developments based on whole virions as recognition agents. We divide the review into sections dealing with phage lysis as an analytical signal, phages as capturing elements in assays and phage-based sensing layers, putting the main focus on development reported within the past three years but without omitting the fundamentals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Janczuk-Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jan Paczesny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Hołyst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Yan C, Zhang Y, Yang H, Yu J, Wei H. Combining phagomagnetic separation with immunoassay for specific, fast and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Talanta 2017; 170:291-297. [PMID: 28501172 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-specific lytic bacteriophage P-S. aureus-9, isolated from an environmental water sample, was assembled on magnetic beads for capturing S. aureus from samples through magnetic separation. Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) labeled immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies were used to detect the captured S. aureus by reacting with protein A on S. aureus followed by colorimetric signals, which were generated from the catalytic reaction between HRP and the substrate 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Under optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear from 1.0×104 to 1.0×106CFUmL-1. The limit of detection (LOD) for the assay was 2.47×103CFUmL-1 and 8.86×103CFUmL-1 of S. aureus in PBS and apple juice, respectively. Moreover, the whole assay revealed outstanding specificity towards S. aureus, without any interference of common pathogenic bacteria, and can be completed within 90min without any pre-enrichment. As far as known, it was the first time to detect S. aureus based on the double site recognition of bacteriophage and mammal IgG. The novel approach has shown good potentials for a rapid, specific, cheap and simple detection of S. aureus in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Hang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Junping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
| | - Hongping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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