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Pade LR, Stepler KE, Portero EP, DeLaney K, Nemes P. Biological mass spectrometry enables spatiotemporal 'omics: From tissues to cells to organelles. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:106-138. [PMID: 36647247 PMCID: PMC10668589 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes unfold across broad spatial and temporal dimensions, and measurement of the underlying molecular world is essential to their understanding. Interdisciplinary efforts advanced mass spectrometry (MS) into a tour de force for assessing virtually all levels of the molecular architecture, some in exquisite detection sensitivity and scalability in space-time. In this review, we offer vignettes of milestones in technology innovations that ushered sample collection and processing, chemical separation, ionization, and 'omics analyses to progressively finer resolutions in the realms of tissue biopsies and limited cell populations, single cells, and subcellular organelles. Also highlighted are methodologies that empowered the acquisition and analysis of multidimensional MS data sets to reveal proteomes, peptidomes, and metabolomes in ever-deepening coverage in these limited and dynamic specimens. In pursuit of richer knowledge of biological processes, we discuss efforts pioneering the integration of orthogonal approaches from molecular and functional studies, both within and beyond MS. With established and emerging community-wide efforts ensuring scientific rigor and reproducibility, spatiotemporal MS emerged as an exciting and powerful resource to study biological systems in space-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena R. Pade
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Kaitlyn E. Stepler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Erika P. Portero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
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2
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Li J, Huang L, Guo Y, Cupp-Sutton KA, Wu S. An automated spray-capillary platform for the microsampling and CE-MS analysis of picoliter- and nanoliter-volume samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6961-6973. [PMID: 37581707 PMCID: PMC10843549 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is an emerging analytical tool for microscale biological sample analysis that offers high separation resolution, low detection limit, and low sample consumption. We recently developed a novel microsampling device, "spray-capillary," for quantitative low-volume sample extraction (as low as 15 pL/s) and online CE-MS analysis. This platform can efficiently analyze picoliter samples (e.g., single cells) with minimal sample loss and no additional offline sample-handling steps. However, our original spray-capillary-based experiments required manual manipulation of the sample inlet for sample collection and separation, which is time consuming and requires proficiency in device handling. To optimize the performance of spray-capillary CE-MS analysis, we developed an automated platform for robust, high-throughput analysis of picoliter samples using a commercially available CE autosampler. Our results demonstrated high reproducibility among 50 continuous runs using the standard peptide angiotensin II (Ang II), with an RSD of 14.70% and 0.62% with respect to intensity and elution time, respectively. We also analyzed Ang II using varying injection times to evaluate the capability of the spray-capillary to perform quantitative sampling and found high linearity for peptide intensity with respect to injection time (R2 > 0.99). These results demonstrate the capability of the spray-capillary sampling platform for high-throughput quantitative analysis of low-volume, low-complexity samples using pressure elution (e.g., direct injection). To further evaluate and optimize the automated spray-capillary platform to analyze complex biological samples, we performed online CE-MS analysis on Escherichia coli lysate digest spiked with Ang II using varying injection times. We maintained high linearity of intensity with respect to injection time for Ang II and E. coli peptides (R2 > 0.97 in all cases). Furthermore, we observed good CE separation and high reproducibility between automated runs. Overall, we demonstrated that the automated spray-capillary CE-MS platform can efficiently and reproducibly sample picoliter and nanoliter biological samples for high-throughput proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Lushuang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yanting Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kellye A Cupp-Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Room 2210, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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3
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Luo RY, Wong C, Xia JQ, Glader BE, Shi RZ, Zehnder JL. Neutral-Coating Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Top-Down Identification of Hemoglobin Variants. Clin Chem 2023; 69:56-67. [PMID: 36308334 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of hemoglobin (Hb) variants is of significant value in the clinical diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy. However, conventional methods for identification of Hb variants in clinical laboratories can be inadequate due to the lack of structural characterization. We describe the use of neutral-coating capillary electrophoresis coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (CE-HR-MS) to achieve high-performance top-down identification of Hb variants. METHODS An Orbitrap Q-Exactive Plus mass spectrometer was coupled with an ECE-001 capillary electrophoresis (CE) unit through an EMASS-II ion source. A PS1 neutral-coating capillary was used for CE. Samples of red blood cells were lysed in water and diluted in 10 mM ammonium formate buffer for analysis. Deconvolution of raw mass spectrometry data was carried out to merge multiple charge states and isotopic peaks of an analyte to obtain its monoisotopic mass. RESULTS The neutral-coating CE could baseline separate individual Hb subunits dissociated from intact Hb forms, and the HR-MS could achieve both intact-protein analysis and top-down analysis of analytes. A number of patient samples that contain Hb subunit variants were analyzed, and the variants were successfully identified using the CE-HR-MS method. CONCLUSIONS The CE-HR-MS method has been demonstrated as a useful tool for top-down identification of Hb variants. With the ability to characterize the primary structures of Hb subunits, the CE-HR-MS method has significant advantages to complement or partially replace the conventional methods for the identification of Hb variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Yiqi Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Wong
- Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Bertil E Glader
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Run-Zhang Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - James L Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Clinical Laboratories, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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4
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Elshamy YS, Strein TG, Holland LA, Li C, DeBastiani A, Valentine SJ, Li P, Lucas JA, Shaffer TA. Nanoflow Sheath Voltage-Free Interfacing of Capillary Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11329-11336. [PMID: 35913997 PMCID: PMC9387528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coupling capillary electrophoresis (CE) to mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful strategy to leverage a high separation efficiency with structural identification. Traditional CE-MS interfacing relies upon voltage to drive this process. Additionally, sheathless interfacing requires that the electrophoresis generates a sufficient volumetric flow to sustain the ionization process. Vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (VSSI) is a new method to interface capillary electrophoresis to mass analyzers. In contrast to traditional interfacing, VSSI is voltage-free, making it straightforward for CE and MS. New nanoflow sheath CE-VSSI-MS is introduced in this work to reduce the reliance on the separation flow rate to facilitate the transfer of analyte to the MS. The nanoflow sheath VSSI spray ionization functions from 400 to 900 nL/min. Using the new nanoflow sheath reported here, volumetric flow rate through the separation capillary is less critical, allowing the use of a small (i.e., 20 to 25 μm) inner diameter separation capillary and enabling the use of higher separation voltages and faster analysis. Moreover, the use of a nanoflow sheath enables greater flexibility in the separation conditions. The nanoflow sheath is operated using aqueous solutions in the background electrolyte and in the sheath, demonstrating the separation can be performed under normal and reversed polarity in the presence or absence of electroosmotic flow. This includes the use of a wider pH range as well. The versatility of nanoflow sheath CE-VSSI-MS is demonstrated by separating cationic, anionic, and zwitterionic molecules under a variety of separation conditions. The detection sensitivity observed with nanoflow sheath CE-VSSI-MS is comparable to that obtained with sheathless CE-VSSI-MS as well as CE-MS separations with electrospray ionization interfacing. A bare fused silica capillary is used to separate cationic β-blockers with a near-neutral background electrolyte at concentrations ranging from 1.0 nM to 1.0 μM. Under acidic conditions, 13 amino acids are separated with normal polarity at a concentration ranging from 0.25 to 5 μM. Finally, separations of anionic compounds are demonstrated using reversed polarity under conditions of suppressed electroosmotic flow through the use of a semipermanent surface coating. With a near-neutral separation electrolyte, anionic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are detected over a concentration range of 0.1 to 5.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef S Elshamy
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Timothy G Strein
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Anthony DeBastiani
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Stephen J Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - John A Lucas
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Tyler A Shaffer
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
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5
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Helmeczi E, Fries E, Perry L, Choong K, O'Hearn K, McNally D, Britz-McKibbin P. A High-Throughput Platform for the Rapid Screening of Vitamin D Status by Direct Infusion-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100204. [PMID: 35337847 PMCID: PMC9062421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important fat-soluble prohormone with pleiotropic effects on human health, such as immunomodulation of the innate and adaptive immune system. There is an unmet clinical need for a rapid screening platform for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-D) determination without chromatographic separation that offers better precision and accuracy than immunoassays. Here, we introduce a high-throughput method for assessing vitamin D status from blood specimens based on direct infusion-MS/MS (DI-MS/MS) following click derivatization using 2-nitrosopyridine. We developed an optimized liquid-phase extraction protocol to minimize ion suppression when directly infusing serum or plasma extracts via a capillary electrophoresis system for quantitative determination of 25OH-D. Acceptable reproducibility (mean coefficient of variation = 10.9%, n = 412), recovery (mean = 102% at 15, 30, and 45 nmol/l), and linearity (R2 > 0.998) were achieved for 25OH-D with lower detection limits (limit of detection ∼1.2 nmol/l, S/N ∼ 3), greater throughput (∼3 min/sample), and less bias than a commercial chemiluminescence immunoassay prone to batch effects. There was mutual agreement in 25OH-D concentrations from reference blood samples measured by DI-MS/MS as compared with LC-MS/MS (mean bias = 7.8%, n = 18). We also demonstrate that this method could reduce immunoassay misclassification of vitamin D deficiency in a cohort of critically ill children (n = 30). In conclusion, DI-MS/MS offers a viable alternative to LC-MS/MS for assessment of vitamin D status in support of large-scale studies in nutritional epidemiology as well as clinical trials to rapidly screen individual patients who may benefit from vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Helmeczi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Eric Fries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Lauren Perry
- Department of Pediatrics and Critical Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Karen Choong
- Department of Pediatrics and Critical Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Katie O'Hearn
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Dayre McNally
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.
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6
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Studying protein structure and function by native separation–mass spectrometry. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:215-231. [PMID: 37117432 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in protein structure may have profound effects on biological function. Analytical techniques that permit characterization of proteins while maintaining their conformational and functional state are crucial for studying changes in the higher order structure of proteins and for establishing structure-function relationships. Coupling of native protein separations with mass spectrometry is emerging rapidly as a powerful approach to study these aspects in a reliable, fast and straightforward way. This Review presents the available native separation modes for proteins, covers practical considerations on the hyphenation of these separations with mass spectrometry and highlights the involvement of affinity-based separations to simultaneously obtain structural and functional information of proteins. The impact of these approaches is emphasized by selected applications addressing biomedical and biopharmaceutical research questions.
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7
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Dai J, Xia Q, Ji C. Capillary Isoelectric Focusing: Mass Spectrometry Method for the Separation and Online Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants at Intact and Subunit Levels. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2500:55-65. [PMID: 35657587 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2325-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most widely used types of protein therapeutics. Charge variants are important quality attributes for evaluating developability, activity, and safety for mAb therapeutics. Here, we report a novel online capillary isoelectric focusing-mass spectrometry (CIEF-MS) method for mAb charge variant analysis using an electrokinetically pumped sheath-flow nanospray ion source on a time-of-flight (TOF) MS with a pressure-assisted chemical mobilization. Key factors that enable online CIEF-MS include effective capillary electrophoresis-MS (CE-MS) interface with enhanced sensitivity, utilization of MS-friendly electrolytes, beneficial effects of glycerol that reduces non-CIEF electrophoretic mobility and limits band broadening, appropriate ampholyte type and concentration selection for balanced separation resolution and MS detection sensitivity, optimized sheath liquid composition to realize high-resolution CIEF separation and effective MS electrospray ionization, as well as judiciously selected CIEF running parameters. The fundamental premise of CIEF has been verified by the linear correlation between isoelectric point (pI) values and migration time using a mixture of pI markers. By achieving high separation resolutions that are similar as those obtained from imaged CIEF (iCIEF), this method successfully provides highly sensitive MS identification for intact mAb charge variants. Furthermore, a middle-up sample treatment workflow can be adopted to provide in-depth charge variant analysis at subunit level for mAbs with complex charge heterogeneity. The mAb subunit CIEF-MS reveals the source of charge variant with enhanced resolution on both CIEF separation and MS spectra. This novel CIEF-MS method is a valuable tool with distinct advantage for objective and accurate assessment of charge heterogeneity of protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- NovaBioAssays LLC, Woburn, MA, USA.
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8
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Schlecht J, Stolz A, Hofmann A, Gerstung L, Neusüß C. nanoCEasy: An Easy, Flexible, and Robust Nanoflow Sheath Liquid Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry Interface Based on 3D Printed Parts. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14593-14598. [PMID: 34719920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a powerful tool in various fields including proteomics, metabolomics, and biopharmaceutical and environmental analysis. Nanoflow sheath liquid (SL) CE-MS interfaces provide sensitive ionization, required in these fields, but are still limited to a few research laboratories as handling is difficult and expertise is necessary. Here, we introduce nanoCEasy, a novel nanoflow SL interface based on 3D printed parts, including our previously reported two capillary approach. The customized plug-and-play design enables the introduction of capillaries and an emitter without any fittings in less than a minute. The transparency of the polymer enables visual inspection of the liquid flow inside the interface. Robust operation was systematically demonstrated regarding the electrospray voltage, the distance between the emitter and MS orifice, the distance between the separation capillary and emitter tip, and different individual emitters of the same type. For the first time, we evaluated the influence of high electroosmotic flow (EOF) separation conditions on a nanoflow SL interface. A high flow from the separation capillary can be outbalanced by increasing the electrospray voltage, leading to an overall increased electrospray flow, which enables stable operation under high-EOF conditions. Overall, the nanoCEasy interface allows easy, sensitive, and robust coupling of CE-MS. We aspire the use of this sensitive, easy-to-use interface in large-scale studies and by nonexperts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schlecht
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Stolz
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerstung
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Christian Neusüß
- Department of Chemistry, Aalen University, Beethovenstrasse 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany
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9
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Analytical Platforms for Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics of Polar and Ionizable Metabolites. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1336:215-242. [PMID: 34628634 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77252-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics studies rely on the availability of suitable analytical platforms to determine a vast collection of chemically diverse metabolites in complex biospecimens. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry operated under reversed-phase conditions is the most commonly used platform in metabolomics, which offers extensive coverage for nonpolar and moderately polar compounds. However, complementary techniques are required to obtain adequate separation of polar and ionic metabolites, which are involved in several fundamental metabolic pathways. This chapter focuses on the main mass-spectrometry-based analytical platforms used to determine polar and/or ionizable compounds in metabolomics (GC-MS, HILIC-MS, CE-MS, IPC-MS, and IC-MS). Rather than comprehensively describing recent applications related to GC-MS, HILIC-MS, and CE-MS, which have been covered in a regular basis in the literature, a brief discussion focused on basic principles, main strengths, limitations, as well as future trends is presented in this chapter, and only key applications with the purpose of illustrating important analytical aspects of each platform are highlighted. On the other hand, due to the relative novelty of IPC-MS and IC-MS in the metabolomics field, a thorough compilation of applications for these two techniques is presented here.
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10
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Ferré S, Drouin N, González-Ruiz V, Rudaz S. Evaluation of a nanoflow interface based on the triple-tube coaxial sheath-flow sprayer for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry coupling in metabolomics. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461982. [PMID: 33611118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of an original CE-MS interface that allows the in-axis positioning of the electrospray with respect to the MS inlet was evaluated. The variations in the geometrical alignment of this configuration in the absence of a nebulizing gas afforded a significant reduction in the sheath-liquid flow rate from 3 µL/min to as low as 300 nL/min. The sheath liquid and BGE were respectively composed of H2O-iPrOHCH3COOH 50:50:1 (v/v/v) and 10% acetic acid (pH 2.2). A significant gain in sensitivity was obtained, and it was correlated to the effective mobility of the analytes. Compounds with low mobility values showed a greater sensitivity gain. Special attention was paid to the detection of proteinogenic amino acids. Linear response functions were obtained from 15 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL. The limits of quantification, as low as 34.3 ng/mL, were improved by a factor of up to six compared to the conventional configuration. The in-axis setup was ultimately applied to the absolute quantification of four important amino acids, alanine, tyrosine, methionine and valine, in standard reference material (NIST plasma). The accuracies ranged from 78 to 113%, thus demonstrating the potential of this configuration for metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ferré
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Drouin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland.
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11
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Lamp J, Ikonomova SP, Karlsson AJ, Xia Q, Wang Y. Online capillary electrophoresis - mass spectrometry analysis of histatin-5 and its degradation products. Analyst 2020; 145:4787-4794. [PMID: 32555825 PMCID: PMC7391080 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00756k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Histatin-5 (Hst-5) is a human salivary peptide with antibacterial and antifungal activities. Thorough characterization and reliable quantification of Hst-5 and its degradation products are essential for understanding the Hst-5 degradation pathway. Due to the highly basic and strong cationic nature of the Hst-5 peptide, the quantitative analysis of Hst-5 and its degradation forms by online mass spectrometry remains challenging. Here, we adopt a recently developed electrokinetically pumped sheath liquid capillary electrophoresis - mass spectrometry (CE-MS) coupling technology, and successfully apply it for the analysis of Hst-5 and its degradation products. Our CE-MS method is demonstrated to be robust and quantitative. This novel analytical platform is reproducible and free of sample carryover. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated with a kinetic study of Hst-5 degradation by Sap9, a secreted aspartic peptidase. Our work demonstrates the potential of online CE-MS as a powerful approach for characterizing highly basic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Lamp
- CMP Scientific, Corp., 760 Parkside Ave, STE 211, Brooklyn, NY 11226, USA
| | - Svetlana P Ikonomova
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amy J Karlsson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qiangwei Xia
- CMP Scientific, Corp., 760 Parkside Ave, STE 211, Brooklyn, NY 11226, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. and NIH/NIDCR, Bldg 30, Rm 320, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370, USA
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12
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Gou MJ, Nys G, Cobraiville G, Demelenne A, Servais AC, Fillet M. Hyphenation of capillary zone electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for proteomic analysis: Optimization and comparison of two coupling interfaces. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1618:460873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Kristoff CJ, Li C, Li P, Holland LA. Low Flow Voltage Free Interface for Capillary Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry Driven by Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3006-3013. [PMID: 31971372 PMCID: PMC7295075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry is a powerful technique for high-throughput and high efficiency separations combined with structural identification. Electrospray ionization is the primary interface used to couple capillary electrophoresis to mass analyzers; however, improved designs continue to be reported. A new interfacing method based on vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization is presented in this work to overcome the challenges of decoupling applied voltages and to enhance the compatibility with separations performed at near-neutral pH. The versatility and ease of use of this ionization source is demonstrated using β-blockers, peptides, and proteins. The cationic β-blocker pindolol was injected electrokinetically, and detected at concentrations ranging from 10 nM to 5 μM, with an estimated detection limit of 2 nM. The vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization functions with flow rates from 70 to 200 nL/min and did not perturb the capillary electrophoresis separation electroosmotic flow as evidenced by the observation that most migration times differed less than 7% (n = 3) across a lab-built system interfaced to mass spectrometry and a commercial system that utilizes absorbance detection. For cationic beta-blockers the theoretical plates achieved in the capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry setup were 80%-95% of that observed with a commercial capillary electrophoresis-UV absorbance detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Kristoff
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A. Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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14
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Kristoff CJ, Bwanali L, Veltri LM, Gautam GP, Rutto PK, Newton EO, Holland LA. Challenging Bioanalyses with Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:49-66. [PMID: 31698907 PMCID: PMC6995690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Kristoff
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lloyd Bwanali
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Veltri
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Gayatri P. Gautam
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Patrick K. Rutto
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ebenezer O. Newton
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A. Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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15
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2017–mid 2019). Electrophoresis 2019; 41:10-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of Sciences Prague 6 Czechia
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16
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Gomes FP, Yates JR. Recent trends of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry in proteomics research. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:445-460. [PMID: 31407381 PMCID: PMC6800771 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Progress in proteomics research has led to a demand for powerful analytical tools with high separation efficiency and sensitivity for confident identification and quantification of proteins, posttranslational modifications, and protein complexes expressed in cells and tissues. This demand has significantly increased interest in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) in the past few years. This review provides highlights of recent advances in CE-MS for proteomics research, including a short introduction to top-down mass spectrometry and native mass spectrometry (native MS), as well as a detailed overview of CE methods. Both the potential and limitations of these methods for the analysis of proteins and peptides in synthetic and biological samples and the challenges of CE methods are discussed, along with perspectives about the future direction of CE-MS. @ 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 00:1-16, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R. Yates
- Correspondent author: , Phone number: (858) 784-8862, Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SR302B, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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17
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Ferré S, González-Ruiz V, Guillarme D, Rudaz S. Analytical strategies for the determination of amino acids: Past, present and future trends. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1132:121819. [PMID: 31704619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the analytical methods that have been developed over the years to tackle the high polarity and non-chromophoric nature of amino acids (AAs). First, the historical methods are briefly presented, with a strong focus on the use of derivatization reagents to make AAs detectable with spectroscopic techniques (ultraviolet and fluorescence) and/or sufficiently retained in reversed phase liquid chromatography. Then, an overview of the current analytical strategies for achiral separation of AAs is provided, in which mass spectrometry (MS) becomes the most widely used detection mode in combination with innovative liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis conditions to detect AAs at very low concentration in complex matrixes. Finally, some future trends of AA analysis are provided in the last section of the review, including the use of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), multidimensional liquid chromatography and electrophoretic separations, hyphenation of ion exchange chromatography to mass spectrometry, and use of ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry (IM-MS). Various application examples will also be presented throughout the review to highlight the benefits and limitations of these different analytical approaches for AAs determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ferré
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Rudaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
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18
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Nyssen L, Fillet M, Cavalier E, Servais A. Highly sensitive and selective separation of intact parathyroid hormone and variants by sheathless CE‐ESI‐MS/MS. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1550-1557. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Nyssen
- Department of Clinical ChemistryCenter for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM)Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM)Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical ChemistryCenter for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
| | - Anne‐Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM)Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM)University of Liège Liège Belgium
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19
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Shanmuganathan M, Britz-McKibbin P. New Advances for Newborn Screening of Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (CE-MS). Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1972:139-163. [PMID: 30847789 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9213-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Expanded newborn screening of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technology is one of the most successful preventative healthcare initiatives for presymptomatic diagnosis and treatment of rare yet treatable genetic diseases in the population. However, confirmatory testing of presumptive screen-positive cases is required using high efficiency separations for improved specificity in order to improve the positive predictive value (PPV) for certain classes of IEMs. Here, we describe recent advances using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) for reliable second-tier screening or confirmatory testing based on targeted analysis of amino acids, acylcarnitines, nucleosides, and other classes of polar metabolites associated with IEMs. Additionally, nontargeted metabolite profiling enables the identification of unknown biomarkers of clinical significance for other genetic diseases that are currently screened by bioassays and/or mutation panels, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Noteworthy, CE-MS allows for resolution of isobaric/isomeric interferences without complicated sample handling that is ideal when analyzing volume-restricted biospecimens from neonates/infants, including dried blood spots and sweat specimens. New developments to improve concentration sensitivity, as well as enhance sample throughput and quality control for unambiguous confirmatory testing of IEMs will also be discussed when using multiplexed separations based on multisegment injection-CE-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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20
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electrophoresis in proteomics and peptidomics (2015-mid 2018). J Sep Sci 2018; 42:398-414. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sille Štěpánová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czechia
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague 6 Czechia
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21
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Characterization of a nanoflow sheath liquid interface and comparison to a sheath liquid and a sheathless porous-tip interface for CE-ESI-MS in positive and negative ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5265-5275. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Khan S, Liu J, Szabo Z, Kunnummal B, Han X, Ouyang Y, Linhardt RJ, Xia Q. On-line capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence/mass spectrometry analysis of glycans labeled with Teal™ fluorescent dye using an electrokinetic sheath liquid pump-based nanospray ion source. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:882-888. [PMID: 29575162 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE N-linked glycan analysis of recombinant therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, Fc-fusion proteins, and antibody-drug conjugates, provides valuable information regarding protein therapeutics glycosylation profile. Both qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of N-linked glycans on recombinant therapeutic proteins are critical analytical tasks in the biopharma industry during the development of a biotherapeutic. METHODS Currently, such analyses are mainly carried out using capillary electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence (CE/LIF), liquid chromatography/fluorescence (LC/FLR), and liquid chromatography/fluorescence/mass spectrometry (LC/FLR/MS) technologies. N-linked glycans are first released from glycoproteins by enzymatic digestion, then labeled with fluorescence dyes for subsequent CE or LC separation, and LIF or MS detection. Here we present an on-line CE/LIF/MS N-glycan analysis workflow that incorporates the fluorescent Teal™ dye and an electrokinetic pump-based nanospray sheath liquid capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS) ion source. RESULTS Electrophoresis running buffer systems using ammonium acetate and ammonium hydroxide were developed for the negative ion mode CE/MS analysis of fluorescence-labeled N-linked glycans. Results show that on-line CE/LIF/MS analysis can be readily achieved using this versatile CE/MS ion source on common CE/MS instrument platforms. CONCLUSIONS This on-line CE/LIF/MS method using Teal™ fluorescent dye and electrokinetic pump-based nanospray sheath liquid CE/MS coupling technology holds promise for on-line quantitation and identification of N-linked glycans on recombinant therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheer Khan
- Pharma Analytics, BioProduction Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jenkuei Liu
- Pharma Analytics, BioProduction Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Pharma Analytics, BioProduction Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Baburaj Kunnummal
- Pharma Analytics, BioProduction Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, 180 Oyster Point Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 4005, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 4005, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 4005, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Qiangwei Xia
- CMP Scientific Corp, 760 Parkside Ave, STE 211, Brooklyn, NY, 11226, USA
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23
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Dai J, Lamp J, Xia Q, Zhang Y. Capillary Isoelectric Focusing-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Separation and Online Characterization of Intact Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2246-2254. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O.
Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jared Lamp
- CMP Scientific, Corporation, 760 Parkside Avenue, Suite 211, Brooklyn, New York 11226, United States
| | - Qiangwei Xia
- CMP Scientific, Corporation, 760 Parkside Avenue, Suite 211, Brooklyn, New York 11226, United States
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O.
Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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24
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González-Ruiz V, Codesido S, Rudaz S, Schappler J. Evolution in the design of a low sheath-flow interface for CE-MS and application to biological samples. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:853-861. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor González-Ruiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Julie Schappler
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva; University of Lausanne; Geneva Switzerland
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25
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2015-mid 2017). Electrophoresis 2017; 39:209-234. [PMID: 28836681 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review brings a comprehensive overview of recent developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) to analysis, microscale isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides in the years 2015, 2016, and ca. up to the middle of 2017. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis (sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, and detection) are described. New developments in particular CE and CEC methods are presented and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are reported: qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC methods to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Poinsot V, Ong-Meang V, Ric A, Gavard P, Perquis L, Couderc F. Recent advances in amino acid analysis by capillary electromigration methods: June 2015-May 2017. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:190-208. [PMID: 28805963 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the tenth edition of this article focused on recent advances in amino acid analysis using capillary electrophoresis, we describe the most important research articles published on this topic during the period from June 2015 to May 2017. This article follows the format of the previous articles published in Electrophoresis. The new developments in amino acid analysis with CE mainly describe improvements in CE associated with mass spectrometry. Focusing on applications, we mostly describe clinical works, although metabolomics studies are also very important. Finally, works focusing on amino acids in food and agricultural applications are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véréna Poinsot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
| | | | - Audrey Ric
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gavard
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Perquis
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, France
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27
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Jiang Y, He MY, Zhang WJ, Luo P, Guo D, Fang X, Xu W. Recent advances of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry instrumentation and methodology. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Dawod M, Arvin NE, Kennedy RT. Recent advances in protein analysis by capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Analyst 2017; 142:1847-1866. [PMID: 28470231 PMCID: PMC5516626 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00198c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This review article describes the significant recent advances in the analysis of proteins by capillary and microchip electrophoresis during the period from mid-2014 to early 2017. This review highlights the progressions, new methodologies, innovative instrumental modifications, and challenges for efficient protein analysis in human specimens, animal tissues, and plant samples. The protein analysis fields covered in this review include analysis of native, reduced, and denatured proteins in addition to Western blotting, protein therapeutics and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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