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Study on the Effect of Three CYP2C9 Variants on Drug–Drug Interaction Related to Six Drugs In Vitro by LC–MS/MS Method. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Kalogeropoulou AG, Kosma CI, Albanis TA. Simultaneous determination of pharmaceuticals and metabolites in fish tissue by QuEChERS extraction and UHPLC Q/Orbitrap MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7129-7140. [PMID: 34599396 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence, fate, and adverse effects of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic organisms have become a noteworthy issue. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive multiresidue analytical method was developed for the determination of 18 parent PhACs and 5 metabolites in sea bream (Sparus aurata), by combining a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) procedure with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS). The method development involved optimization of extraction solvent, extraction salts, clean-up sorbents, and amount of sample evaluation, while identification on Orbitrap MS was based on accurate mass and further confirmation with MS/MS fragmentation. The developed method was validated, and linearity was higher than 0.99. Recoveries in all cases ranged between 62 and 107% (at 10, 50, and 100 ng g-1), while intra-day and inter-day precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD, was lower than 4% and 7%, respectively. In addition, limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged between 0.5 and 19 ng g-1. The compounds presented a low matrix effect, between - 13 and 4%, while the expanded uncertainty U% estimated at the three spiking levels 10, 50, and 100 ng g-1 was found below 49% in all cases. Finally, the validated method was applied to sea bream samples from an aquaculture farm located in the Mediterranean Sea, with one positive finding for the antibiotic trimethoprim at a concentration of 26 ng g-1, presenting negligible human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina I Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos A Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
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3
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Joachim S, Beaudouin R, Daniele G, Geffard A, Bado-Nilles A, Tebby C, Palluel O, Dedourge-Geffard O, Fieu M, Bonnard M, Palos-Ladeiro M, Turiès C, Vulliet E, David V, Baudoin P, James A, Andres S, Porcher JM. Effects of diclofenac on sentinel species and aquatic communities in semi-natural conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111812. [PMID: 33472112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the potential hazard of diclofenac on aquatic organisms and the lack of higher-tier ecotoxicological studies, a long-term freshwater mesocosm experiment was set up to study the effects of this substance on primary producers and consumers at environmentally realistic nominal concentrations 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L (average effective concentrations 0.041, 0.44 and 3.82 µg/L). During the six-month exposure period, the biovolume of two macrophyte species (Nasturtium officinale and Callitriche platycarpa) significantly decreased at the highest treatment level. Subsequently, a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels was observed. High mortality rates, effects on immunity, and high genotoxicity were found for encaged zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in all treatments. In the highest treatment level, one month after the beginning of the exposure, mortality of adult fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) caused effects on the final population structure. Total abundance of fish and the percentage of juveniles decreased whereas the percentage of adults increased. This led to an overall shift in the length frequency distribution of the F1 generation compared to the control. Consequently, indirect effects on the community structure of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates were observed in the highest treatment level. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) value at the individual level was < 0.1 µg/L and 1 µg/L at the population and community levels. Our study showed that in more natural conditions, diclofenac could cause more severe effects compared to those observed in laboratory conditions. The use of our results for regulatory matters is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joachim
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France.
| | - R Beaudouin
- Unit of Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology (METO), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - G Daniele
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse BP 1039, 51687 Reims
| | - A Bado-Nilles
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
| | - C Tebby
- Unit of Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology (METO), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - O Palluel
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
| | - O Dedourge-Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse BP 1039, 51687 Reims
| | - M Fieu
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Bonnard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse BP 1039, 51687 Reims
| | - M Palos-Ladeiro
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse BP 1039, 51687 Reims
| | - C Turiès
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
| | - E Vulliet
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - V David
- Unit of Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology (METO), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - P Baudoin
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
| | - A James
- Expertise entoxicologie/écotoxicologie des substances chimiques (ETES), INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - S Andres
- Expertise entoxicologie/écotoxicologie des substances chimiques (ETES), INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - J M Porcher
- Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo(ECOT)/UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte,France
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4
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Duarte IA, Reis-Santos P, Novais SC, Rato LD, Lemos MFL, Freitas A, Pouca ASV, Barbosa J, Cabral HN, Fonseca VF. Depressed, hypertense and sore: Long-term effects of fluoxetine, propranolol and diclofenac exposure in a top predator fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136564. [PMID: 31945523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds are continuously released into the aquatic environment, resulting in their ubiquitous presence in many estuarine and coastal systems. As pharmaceuticals are designed to produce effects at very low concentrations and target specific evolutionary conserved pathways, there are growing concerns over their potential deleterious effects to the environment and specifically to aquatic organisms, namely in early life-stages. In this context, the long-term effects of exposure of juvenile meagre Argyrosomus regius to three different pharmaceuticals were investigated. Fish were exposed to environmental concentrations of one of three major used pharmaceuticals: the antidepressant fluoxetine (0.3 and 3 μg/L for 15 days), the anti-hypertensive propranolol and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent diclofenac (0.3 and 15 μg/L for 30 days). Pharmaceuticals bioconcentration in fish muscle was examined, along with biomarkers in different tissues related with antioxidant and biotransformation responses (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and glutathione S-transferase), energetic metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and electron transport system activities), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity) and oxidative damage (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation levels). Overall, each pharmaceutical had different potential for bioconcentration in the muscle (FLX > PROP > DCF) and induced different biological responses: fluoxetine was the most toxic compound to juvenile meagre, affecting fish growth, triggering antioxidant defense responses, inhibiting detoxification mechanisms and increasing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the liver; propranolol exposure increased DNA damage and decreased aerobic metabolism in fish muscle; and diclofenac showed no potential to bioconcentrate, yet it affected fish metabolism by increasing cellular energy consumption in the muscle and consequently reducing fish net energy budget. The diverse response patterns evidence the need for future research focused on pharmaceuticals with different modes of action and their exposure effects on organismal physiological mechanisms and homeostatic status. Ultimately, the combination of sub-individual and individual responses is key for ecologically relevant assessments of pharmaceutical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Duarte
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Patrick Reis-Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Lénia D Rato
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Andreia Freitas
- INIAV - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Vila do Conde, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Vila Pouca
- INIAV - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Jorge Barbosa
- INIAV - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Vila do Conde, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Vanessa F Fonseca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Sathishkumar P, Meena RAA, Palanisami T, Ashokkumar V, Palvannan T, Gu FL. Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota - a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134057. [PMID: 31783460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has turned into a contaminant of emerging concern; hence, it was included in the previous Watch List of the EU Water Framework Directive. This review paper aims to highlight the metabolism of diclofenac at different trophic levels, its occurrence, ecological risks, and interactive effects in the water cycle and biota over the past two decades. Increased exposure to diclofenac not only raises health concerns for vultures, aquatic organisms, and higher plants but also causes serious threats to mammals. The ubiquitous nature of diclofenac in surface water (river, lake canal, estuary, and sea) is compared with drinking water, groundwater, and wastewater effluent in the environment. This comprehensive survey from previous studies suggests the fate of diclofenac in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and may predict its persistence in the environment. This review offers evidence of fragmentary available data for the water environment, soil, sediment, and biota worldwide and supports the need for further data to address the risks associated with the presence of diclofenac in the environment. Finally, we suggest that the presence of diclofenac and its metabolites in the environment may represent a high risk because of their synergistic interactions with existing contaminants, leading to the development of drug-resistant strains and the formation of newly emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | | | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thayumanavan Palvannan
- Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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6
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Miller TH, Bury NR, Owen SF, MacRae JI, Barron LP. A review of the pharmaceutical exposome in aquatic fauna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:129-146. [PMID: 29653304 PMCID: PMC5981000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been considered 'contaminants of emerging concern' for more than 20 years. In that time, many laboratory studies have sought to identify hazard and assess risk in the aquatic environment, whilst field studies have searched for targeted candidates and occurrence trends using advanced analytical techniques. However, a lack of a systematic approach to the detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals has provided a fragmented literature of serendipitous approaches. Evaluation of the extent of the risk for the plethora of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals available requires the reliable measurement of trace levels of contaminants across different environmental compartments (water, sediment, biota - of which biota has been largely neglected). The focus on pharmaceutical concentrations in surface waters and other exposure media have therefore limited both the characterisation of the exposome in aquatic wildlife and the understanding of cause and effect relationships. Here, we compile the current analytical approaches and available occurrence and accumulation data in biota to review the current state of research in the field. Our analysis provides evidence in support of the 'Matthew Effect' and raises critical questions about the use of targeted analyte lists for biomonitoring. We provide six recommendations to stimulate and improve future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Miller
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicolas R Bury
- Faculty of Science, Health and Technology, University of Suffolk, James Hehir Building, University Avenue, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP3 0FS, UK; Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Leon P Barron
- Analytical & Environmental Sciences Division, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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7
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Zane NR, Chen Y, Wang MZ, Thakker DR. Cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase families: age-dependent differences in expression and functional activity. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:527-535. [PMID: 28922349 PMCID: PMC8561720 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAge-dependent differences in pharmacokinetics exist for metabolically cleared medications. Differential contributions in the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), CYP2C, and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) families have an important role in the metabolic clearance of a large number of drugs administered to children.MethodsUnlike previous semiquantitative characterization of age-dependent changes in the expression of genes and proteins (western blot analysis), this study quantifies both gene and absolute protein expression in the same fetal, pediatric, and adult hepatic tissue. Expression was then correlated with the corresponding functional activities in the same samples.ResultsCYP3A and FMO families showed a distinct switch from fetal (CYP3A7 and FMO1) to adult isoforms (CYP3A4 and FMO3) at birth, whereas CYP2C9 showed a linear maturation from birth into adulthood. In contrast, analysis of CYP2C19 revealed higher expression and catalytic efficiency in pediatric samples compared with that in fetal and adult samples. Further, CYP3A and FMO enzymes exhibited an unexpectedly higher functional activity in fetal samples not entirely explained by protein expression.ConclusionThese surprising findings suggest that CYP and FMO enzymes may encounter development-related differences in their microenvironments that can influence the enzyme activity in addition to protein expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Zane
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Michael Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Dhiren R. Thakker
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Intrieri D, Damiano C, Rizzato S, Paolesse R, Venanzi M, Monti D, Savioli M, Stefanelli M, Gallo E. Sensing of diclofenac by a porphyrin-based artificial receptor. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02737d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a porphyrin chemosensor is here reported as well as its sensing activity in detecting the emerging pollutant diclofenac with an overall 1 : 1 binding constant of about 105 M−1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Rizzato
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Mariano Venanzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Donato Monti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Marco Savioli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Manuela Stefanelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
- University of Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome
- Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
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Daniele G, Fieu M, Joachim S, Bado-Nilles A, Beaudouin R, Baudoin P, James-Casas A, Andres S, Bonnard M, Bonnard I, Geffard A, Vulliet E. Determination of carbamazepine and 12 degradation products in various compartments of an outdoor aquatic mesocosm by reliable analytical methods based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16893-16904. [PMID: 28573566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this work are to develop suitable analytical methods to determine the widely used anticonvulsant carbamazepine and 12 of its degradation/transformation products in water, sediment, fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and mollusc (Dreissena polymorpha). Protocols based on solid phase extraction for water, pressurized-liquid extraction for sediments and QuEChERS (quick easy cheap efficient rugged and safe) extraction for both organisms followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are developed, validated and finally applied to samples collected during a 6-month experiment in outdoor mesocosms. Very low detection limits are reached, allowing environmentally realistic doses (namely, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 μg/L nominal concentrations) to be employed. The results indicate several metabolites and/or transformation products in each compartment investigated, with concentrations sometimes being greater than that of the parent carbamazepine. Biotic degradation of carbamazepine is demonstrated in water, leading to 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine and 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine. In sediment, the degradation results in the formation of acridine, and 2- and 3-hydroxycarbamazepine. Finally, in both organisms, a moderate bioaccumulation is observed together with a metabolization leading to 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine in fish and 2-hydroxycarbamazepine in mollusc. Acridone is also present in fish. This study provides new and interesting data, helping to elucidate how chronic exposure to carbamazepine at relevant concentrations may affect impact freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Daniele
- Université Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maëva Fieu
- Université Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sandrine Joachim
- INERIS, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique Alata, BP n°2 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Anne Bado-Nilles
- INERIS, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique Alata, BP n°2 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- INERIS, Unit of Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology (METO), Parc Technologique Alata, BP n°2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Patrick Baudoin
- INERIS, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique Alata, BP n°2 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Alice James-Casas
- INERIS, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique Alata, BP n°2 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Sandrine Andres
- INERIS, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique Alata, BP n°2 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Marc Bonnard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ens de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
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